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enrico sassi architetto：卡比奥(Cabbio)村位于穆吉奥河谷的东侧，沿着山坡分布，顺应了地形走势。卡比奥广场位于村庄的尽头，在建筑师Simone Cantoni(1739-1818)设计的圣萨尔瓦托教堂之前，教堂属于州级文化保护资产，整个卡比奥村庄都在“Inventario degli insediamenti svizzeri da Protegger”（ISOS）保护名录中。因而，该项目是在“提契诺州地方文化管理部”的合作和监督下实施的。
enrico sassi architetto：The village of Cabbio is located on the eastern side of the Valle Di Muggio and has developed along the hillside, adapting to the conformation of the land. The square of Cabbio is located the end of the village, overlooked by the San Salvatore’s Church, attributed to the architect Simone Cantoni (1739 – 1818), the entire complex is a cultural asset protected at the cantonal level, the entire Cabbio village is registered in the “Inventario degli insediamenti svizzeri da proteggere” (ISOS). The project was therefore developed and implemented in collaboration and under the supervision of the “Ufficio dei Beni Culturali del Dipartimento del Territorio, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino”.
广场是一个相当大的公共空间（1100平方米），包括一个由石头挡土墙支撑的堤坝，墙体状况很差，影响到了广场的稳定性。用作停车场的公共空间原为一片荒废的土地，由于缺乏排水系统，在雨季泥泞的土壤通常无法通行。卡比奥广场改善项目通过加固挡土墙并用天然石材铺设广场，尊重了场地的自然属性，满足了改善环境的需求。
The square is a public space of considerable size (1,100 square meters); it consists of an embankment supported by an imposing stone retaining wall which was in poor condition, compromising the stability of the square. The public space, used as a parking lot, was in beaten earth. The soil was often impassable because there isn’t a drainage system in the bad season. The project for the enhancement of the Cabbio square responded to the need to enhance the context by securing the retaining wall and paving the square with natural stone, respecting the nature of the site.
固定挡土墙 Securing the retaining wall
高度为3至4米不等的天然石材挡土墙和部分抹灰挡土墙，由于材料老化和多年来承受的重载条件（用作停车场和材料储存）而处于不稳定状态。
为了确保广场的稳定性，现有35米长的墙体被拆除重建，新的墙体用钢筋混凝土建造，具有稳定的结构功能，并利用拆除原有墙体得到的石头进行压顶。最终人工修复后的墙体完美还原了原始的墙体形状。因其中一些石板上有岩画雕刻（壁橱），覆盖墙顶的石板（石盖）具有很高的历史价值。在施工过程中，团队对原始墙板进行编号、拆卸、保存，然后再按照其原来的位置和顺序进行替换。
The retaining wall of variable height from 4 to 3 m, in natural stone and partially plastered, was in poor stability conditions caused by the aging of the materials and the heavy load conditions to which it was subjected over the years (use as parking and storage of materials).
In order to ensure the stability of the square, the existing wall was demolished and rebuilt for a length of 35 m, the new wall with structural functions is built in reinforced concrete and subsequently covered with the stones coming from the dismantling of the pre-existing wall. The shape of the final artifact reproduces exactly that of the original wall. The slabs that cover the crown of the wall (stone covers) have a great historical value, as some of them have rock art engravings (cupels). The original wall covers were numbered, disassembled, preserved and subsequently replaced in their original position and sequence.
▽广场改造前后对比 Comparison before and after square renovation
在重建墙体的挖掘过程中，部分Arzo大理石古代装饰元素（栏杆）被保留下来，并被镶嵌在墙体中。广场外围的边界由8棵高大的树木界定，树木（交替排列的酸橙树和悬铃木）生长状态良好。为方便墙体建造，这些树木被暂时移植而未被砍伐，它们经过编号标记，并在广场最后阶段铺设地板之前重新种回了原来的位置。
During the excavations for the reconstruction of the wall, parts of ancient decorative elements (balustrade) in Arzo marble emerged which were preserved and included in the wall. The perimeter downstream of the square was delimited by 8 tall trees, adult specimens and in good condition (lime and plane trees in alternating sequence). The trees have not been cut down but have been transplanted so as to allow the construction of the wall and were subsequently planted again, before the final flooring was laid. The trees were numbered and replanted in their original position.
▽挡土墙剖面图 Section of the wall
铺路和雨水疏导 Paving and channeling of rainwater
原本的夯土地面被拆除，铺上了新的Saltrio石地板，Saltrio石块是专为该项目设计和建造的，这种材料的颜色与场地的环境十分契合。新的地面在旧广场的整体性和材料方面做了保留。这些10*10厘米的石块沿着教堂的台阶方向平行排列。新的地面采用水泥砂浆灌浆，可以防水。路面均匀平坦，直至树干边缘，雨水可以从树根处排出地面。
The original flooring in beaten earth was removed and it’s laid a new flooring in Saltrio stone, a material with a color similar to the nature of the place. The Saltrio stone cubes were designed and built specifically for this project. The proposed flooring allows to preserve the unitary and material aspect of the square. The 10 x 10 cm stone cubes were placed in parallel rows, taking up the direction of the steps of the churchyard. The new flooring is waterproof and grouted with cement mortar. The pavement is uniform and laps the trunk of the trees, the pavement at the base of the trees is draining.
雨水被广场入口的网格系统收集起来，然后送入专用的机械预净化系统管道（2个油分离器和2个集砂器）；一旦经过处理，水体就会被引导并重新流入自然之中。
Rainwater is collected by a system of grids placed at the entrance to the square and then fed into a canalization dedicated to a mechanical pre-purification system (2 oil separators and 2 sand traps); once treated, the water is channeled and reintroduced into a natural receptor.
▽装置设计图纸 The fountain
装置 Furniture
一个喷水装置被设置在教堂附近的步行梯道旁，作为挡土墙几何结构的延续。装置由一块古老的Arzo大理石制成，水从黄铜水龙头中流出，又流回其中，水龙头被固定在一个相同材质的管道上，并由天然氧化钢IPE 100型材支撑。装置周围放置了大块的Moltrasio石凳，它们均是从广场挖掘中回收的石料制成。广场入口处也使用了类似的座位。
A fountain was placed near the pedestrian staircase near the churchyard, as a continuation of the geometry of the retaining wall. The fountain was made with an ancient block of Arzo marble, the water flows from a brass tap, recovered from the old fountain, and screwed to a pipe also in brass, supported by a natural oxidized steel IPE 100 profile. Stone seats have been placed around the fountain, made up of large blocks of Moltrasio stone, which were recovered from the excavated material of the square. The same type of seating was used at the entrance of the square.
挖掘过程中出现的一些巨石也被用于建造挡土墙下的台阶，连接现有的楼梯和下方的Moltrasio石板小路，形成了一条与广场连接的新通道。
Some of the boulders that emerged during the excavation were also used for the construction of the steps of the staircase under the retaining wall that connects the existing ladder to the path below, defining a new pedestrian connection with the square. The path was paved with stone slabs of Moltrasio.
照明 Lighting
该项目为广场提供了统一的照明，照明设施由钢丝绳悬挂在广中心上方。
The project provided for uniform lighting of the square with a central light point suspended on a steel cord.
▽场地平面图 Site plan
▽广场平面图 Square plan
▽地形剖面图 Section
项目名称：Cabbio square
项目地点：瑞士 提契诺州 Breggia
项目时间：2014 – 2022
客户：Municipio di Breggia
协作与监督：州文物局
建筑设计：enrico sassi architetto sagl
合作者：Irene Lucca
土木工程：Brenni Engineering SA、Holinger SA – Mendrisio、Comal SA
承包商：Impresa Barella SA
林业公司：Galli Manuel
铺装：LS Pavimentazioni SA
石材供应商：Salnova – Cava di Saltrio
喷水装置供应商：Patriziato di Arzo
照明：AIL SA – Aziende Industriali di Lugano
水管：Maroni Rilav SA
电工： Nicola Petraglio Sagl
金属工人：ES Metalcostruzioni Sagl
摄影师：Marcelo Villada Ortiz、Simone Mengani
Project Name: Cabbio square
Location: Breggia, Ticino, Svizzera
Project: 2014 – 2022
Client: Municipio di Breggia
Collaboration and Supervision: Ufficio Cantonale dei Beni Culturali
Architect: enrico sassi architetto sagl
Collaborator: Irene Lucca
Civil engineer: Brenni Engineering SA, Holinger SA – Mendrisio, Comal SA
Contractor: Impresa Barella SA
Forestry company: Galli Manuel
Paving: LS Pavimentazioni SA
Stone supplier: Salnova – Cava di Saltrio
Stone fountain supplier: Patriziato di Arzo
Lighting: AIL SA – Aziende Industriali di Lugano
Plumber: Maroni Rilav SA
Electrician: Nicola Petraglio Sagl
Metalworker: ES Metalcostruzioni Sagl
Photographers: Marcelo Villada Ortiz, Simone Mengani
“ 设计巧妙运用石材，从细节入手，在还原广场整体性的同时保证了场地的场所感。”
审稿编辑: SIM
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