径山花海帐亭：返璞归真——回归自然的建筑 / 浙江农林大学园林设计院 + 东维建筑

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Thanks Beeeed Atelier for authorizing the publication of the project on mooool, Text description provided by Beeeed Atelier.

东维建筑: 花海帐亭位于杭州余杭径山，以禅茶和山林闻名，其设计的出发点正是思考人与自然的原始关系，因此初始意向是简单且开放的。为了塑造一种原始的空间感，花海帐亭选择悬垂屋面的形式，舒展的骨架和表皮形式自然而然的产生，正如径山的茶山上随处可见的茶叶遮阳棚一样简单而直接。

Beeeed Atelier: The Flower Sea Tent Pavilion is located in Jingshan, which is famous for its tea culture, forests landscape and buddhist mood. So, the design started from the thinking of the original relationship between humans and nature, with the initial intention which was simple and open. In order to create a primitive sense, we chose the form of a suspended roof, and the stretching skeleton and skin form naturally emerge, just like the simple tea sunshades that can be seen everywhere on the Tea Mountain in Jingshan.

▽花海帐亭鸟瞰-走入原野，直面自然 Aerial view – Into the wilderness, face nature

杭州冬冷夏热，冬夏两季既难于室外游走，花海也无花可赏，因此帐亭的使用时段基本是春秋两季。花海帐亭除了提供简餐、茶饮和咖啡的功能以外，同时也是孩子们植物认知类研学课程的开放课堂。

Hangzhou is cold in winter and hot in summer. It is uncomfortable to travel outdoors during that time and there are no flowers in the Flower Sea Park. Therefore, the Tent Pavilion will be used mainly in spring and autumn. By providing simple meals, tea drinks and coffee, Tent Pavilion is also an open-space for children’s flower cognition courses.

▽花海帐亭鸟瞰-初始意向是简单且开放的 Aerial view – The initial intent is simple and open

▽花海帐亭整体 Flower sea tent pavilion whole

▽使用中的帐亭-简餐、茶饮、咖啡、研学 Tent kiosk in use – simple meals, tea, coffee, research

基于这样的季节气候特征和灵活、综合的使用需求，建筑并没有设置硬性的气候边界，而是做了一个类似“亭”的开放空间，如帐篷或者吊床一样轻轻被撑起、划过花海的地面。

Based on such seasonal characteristics and flexible usage, the Tent Pavilion does not have a fixed climate boundary, but instead creates an open space, gently propped up like a tent floating on the flower sea land.

▽花海帐亭如帐篷或者吊床一样轻轻被撑起的开放空间 An open space gently raised like a tent or hammock

▽材料和形式皆来源于场地诉说出的自然、原始、轻盈的意象 The material and form are derived from the natural, primitive and light image expressed by the site

▽以毛石为台基，搭设不同标高的就餐区 The dining area with different elevations is set up on the base of rubble stone

空间体验——场地中心的锚固点 Anchoring in the center of the flat land

整个帐亭以6×6、6×3m的平面模数区分活动区和后勤区。四组条状廊亭错落分布，围合出一片小空间，可以举行仪式或是小型演出。模块化的设计便于结构单元的控制并简化了屋面的加工，多重悬垂屋面呈现出错落漂浮的状态。嵌入屋面阴角处的柱子没有直接暴露交接节点，隐没于悬垂屋面中，创造出屋面无限延绵的空间感。柱子看似随机的错落分布于木制“帷幔”之下，穿行其间恰似漫步于林中。晨间微暮时，承托屋面的细柱自上而下地逐渐消隐，原生于自然的形式为游者静静擎起一片天地。

The plan is made up by modulus of 6 × 6m and 6 ×3m, forming activity areas and service areas. Four sets of tents enclosed a central space for ceremonies or small performances. The modularity method facilitates the design of structural units and simplifies the form of roofs. Layers of roofs exhibit a state of floating. The upper ends of the columns embed in the interior corners of the roof and the junction nodes are hidden from view, creating an infinite sense of space under the roof. The pillars are distributed randomly under the wooden “curtains”, making people passing through them as if strolling through the forest. The thin pillars supporting the roof gradually disappear from the roof to the ground, and the natural form lifts up a quietly space for visitors.

▽多重悬垂屋面呈现出错落漂浮的状态 Multiple overhanging roofs appear scattered floating state

▽错落漂浮的多重悬垂屋面 Multiple overhanging roofs scattered and floating

▽丛林般的内部空间-柱子以看似随机的形态错落分布于木制“帷幔”之下 The jungle-like interior – columns are scattered in a seemingly random pattern under wooden “valances”

▽悬垂屋面的柔软、被包裹的感觉 The soft, enveloped feel of the overhanging roof

大地之上——力与形的结合 The combination of force and form

对于“刚性悬垂屋面”的实现，方案最初的想法是从类似吊桥的悬垂角度出发，即以钢索穿过木方条后悬垂于两端的门式钢架之上，通过后张拉的方法使屋面固定。但深化中面临诸多问题，如木材抗压能力较弱、连续曲面的高空后张拉难以操作等不利因素，因此在屋面深化设计中采用了柔性钢木组合形式组成曲面结构顶棚。木材预制的筒壳单元放置于每两榀门式钢架之间悬挂的4~6条悬链钢带之上。曲面筒壳在体系中忽略其面外刚度仅考虑其面内刚度，作为弹性膜传递屋面载荷；所有顶棚系统的自重及外力(风,雪)荷载藉由木板壳施加于钢板带，并传递至屋脊处的横梁。屋脊横梁的形式结合了屋脊的尖顶形态，其坡面的夹角也使该组桁架形成具有抗弯剪刚度的折面刚架。

For the implementation of “rigid suspended roof”, the initial idea was similar to a suspension bridge, that is to use steel cables to pass through wooden bars and make the roof rigid through post tensioning. However, there are many problems such as weak compressive strength of wood and difficulty in operating high-altitude post tensioning of continuous curved roofs. Therefore, a flexible steel wood combination form was adopted in the deepening design phase. Wooden prefabricated shell units are placed on top of 4-6 hanging steel strips suspended between each two portal steel frames. Curved cylindrical shells ignore their out-plane stiffness and only consider their in-plane stiffness as elastic membranes to transmit roof loads. The self-weight and external forces (wind, snow) are applied to the steel strip from the wooden shell and transmitted to the crossbeam on the top of portal steel frames. The form of the crossbeam follows the shape of the roof ridge. The angle between the roof slopes also makes the trusses as folded rigid trusses with bending resistance and shear stiffness.

▽中央向内围合出可以举行仪式或是小型演出的小空间 The center encloses a small space for ceremonies or small performances

悬垂曲线、屋脊梁与柱 Overhang curves, ridges beams and columns

花海帐亭为开敞式的单层弱屋盖系统，单一的细钢柱为类悬臂的柔性杆，通常难以承担较大的压力和侧向力，而单跨的结构也缺少冗余度而具有天然的安全隐患。因此我们将关键部位的柱子根数加密，邻近的3~4根细柱顶部通过屋脊的立体钢架组成强抗侧单元，形成具有制衡顶棚荷载能力的门架系统，同时也与建筑空间追求的看似随机分布的钢柱形成的“丛林感”相契合。

The Tent Pavilion is an open single story weak roof system, with steel columns act as flexible cantilever rod. It is difficult to bear significant pressure and lateral forces for single columns and the single span structure also lacks redundancy. Therefore, we increased the number of columns in key areas and combine them through a three-dimensional steel frame at the ridge, forming a strong lateral unit with the ability to balance the load of the ceiling. At the same time, these seemingly randomly distributed steel columns also fit with the “jungle-like space” pursued by the architectural concept.

▽花海帐亭高台，端部及中间关键部分的钢柱加密，形成看似随机分布的“柱丛林感” Flower tent pavilion high platform, end and middle key parts of the steel column encryption, forming a seemingly random distribution of the “column jungle”

▽悬垂屋面：一种原始的空间感 Overhanging roof: a sense of original space

对于中间跨，跨间钢板带的拉力基本可实现自平衡，但对于边跨，末端的斜向檐始终承受着不平衡的单边拉力，且不不具备中间跨屋脊的双坡条件，无法形成檐口处横梁的折面刚度，对于角柱亦是如此。针对边跨端部的不平衡力，结构通过在边跨跨中增加钢柱，并统一对边跨的柱子设置一定的反向朝外倾角，使得屋面斜拉力更多的转化为微斜柱的轴向力。类似于古建筑常见的外圈柱子柱脚向外的“侧脚”，花海屋面边跨柱子的顶部外倾同样是对于结构力学的转译和应对。

For the middle span, the tension of the steel strip can basically achieve self-balancing. But for the side span, the eaves at the end always bear unbalanced unilateral tension. They do not have the double slope ridges which exist in the middle span so can’t form the bending stiffness. For corner columns the situation is the same. To deal with the unbalanced force, we add steel columns in the middle of the side span, and all set a certain reverse camber angle for the columns of the side span so that the inclined tension of the roof is more transformed into the axial force of the micro inclined column.

意外的反复 Unexpected repetition

因造价限制，之前预想的胶合木材质只能替换为常规的柳桉木。虽然木制屋面的原设计构造厚度达到100mm，但屋面6m×6m的全木制筒壳尺度仍然会导致其难以在吊装过程中承担自重。因此，施工阶段决定调整为采用定制曲面格栅轻钢龙骨代替木龙骨，这一改变遂即将悬链曲面的柔性钢板带+木制筒壳体系变更为具有一定刚性的曲面钢格栅+木制蒙皮，钢格栅和直纹方向铺设的通长木板形成稳定的面内结构，壳面的面内外刚度均得到提高。额外的，原木筒壳下部的钢板带也得以因钢格栅龙骨的替代而被取消，没有了钢带的遮挡，木制悬幕的内表面空间的呈现也变得更为纯粹。

Due to cost constraints, the previously envisagedized glued wood of the shell can only be replaced with the conventional eucalyptus wood. Although the original design thickness of the wooden shell panel reached 100mm, the shell size of 6m ×6m will still make it difficult to bear its own weight during the lifting process. Therefore, it was decided to adopt customized curved grid light steel keel instead of wooden keel in the construction phase. This modification changed the flexible steel belt + wooden cylinder shell system to curved steel grid with certain rigidity + wooden panel skin. The steel grid and the wood panel laid in the straight direction form a stable in-plane structure and the rigidity of the shell is improved both inside and outside of the surface. In addition, the original steel strips at the bottom of wooden shell have been removed due to the application of the steel grid keel. Without the shielding of the steel strips, the presentation of the internal surface of the wooden suspension shell has become mush pure.

▽屋面筒壳安装过程（预制筒壳两端的钢骨架未覆盖木板，便于吊装，并为下一步焊接屋脊折面钢构件预留操作空间）Roof shell installation process (the steel skeleton at both ends of the prefabricated shell is not covered with wood, which is easy to lift and leaves room for the next step of welding the roof ridge folding steel members)

▽屋面筒壳吊装过程（筒壳吊装过程中以钢龙骨作为吊挂固定点）Lifting process of the roof shell (steel keel is used as the fixed point in the lifting process of the shell)

▽总平面图 Plan

▽一层平面 Ground level

▽1-1剖面 Section

▽2-2剖面 Section

▽3-3剖面 Section

▽西立面 West elevation

▽北立面 North elevation

▽南立面 South elevation

项目名称: 径山花海帐亭
项目类型：建筑、景观
项目地点：浙江省杭州市余杭区径山镇龙皇路
设计单位：浙江农林大学园林设计院 + 东维建筑
事务所网站: www.beeeed.cn
主创建筑师: 黄广龙
设计团队完整名单：杨力维、吴荔、郑妙玲、方超、陈熙、张琪丽、徐子杭、蔡云忠、厉慧瑾、徐亦诚
结构顾问：张冲冲
规划设计：吴晓华（浙江农林大学园林设计院）
景观设计：吴晓华（浙江农林大学园林设计院）
水电设计：董向荣、骆盛青（浙江农林大学园林设计院）
投稿方联系邮箱：beeeed_arch@126.com
业主：杭州余杭旅游集团
造价：200万元
建成状态：建成
设计时间（起迄年月）：2020.3—2020.7
建设时间（起迄年月）：2020.7—2020.10
建筑面积（平方米）：700㎡
主要材料：钢材、柳桉木、铝镁锰屋面波形板
摄影师：伫目工作室、东维建筑（杨力维、李明鹏、蔡佩东）、陆伟杰
摄影师网站： www.beeeed.cn (东维建筑)

Project name: Jingshan Flower Sea Tent Pavilion
Project type: TOURISM\ PAVILION\ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Project location: Long Huang Road, Jingshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Design: Zhejiang A&F University Landscape Architecture Institute + Beeeed Atelier
Website: www.beeeed.cn
Leader designer & Team:
Leader Designer：Guanglong Huang
Design team：Liwei Yang\ Li Wu\ Miaoling Zheng\ Chao Fang\ Xi Chen\ Qili Zhang\ Zihang Xu\ Yunzhong Cai\ Huijin Li\ Yicheng Xu
Structural Consultant: Chongchong Zhang
Planning: Xiaohua Wu (Zhejiang A&F University Landscape Architecture Institute)
Landscape designer: Xiaohua Wu (Zhejiang A&F University Landscape Architecture Institute)
Water Supply & Drainage/Electrical engineers: Xiangrong Dong\ Shengqing Luo (Zhejiang A&F University Landscape Architecture Institute)
Contact e-mail: beeeed_arch@126.com
Clients: Hangzhou Yuhang Tourism Group Company
Project Cost: 2 million RMB
Project Phase: Finished
Design year: 03/2020-07/2020
Completion Year:10/2020
Gross built area: 700㎡
Materials: Steel\ Wood (Eucalyptus willow)\ Corrugated Metal Roof (Aluminum Magnesium Manganese)
Photo credit: Zoomlab/ Beeeed Atelier (Liwei Yang/ Mingpeng Li/ Peidong Cai)/ Weijie Lu
Photographer website: www.beeeed.cn (东维建筑)

“ 设计以花海帐亭来阐述人与自然的原始关系，塑造一种原始的空间感。”

审稿编辑：Maggie

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