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WXCA：当今欧洲最大、最现代化的博物馆群之一正在波兰首都华沙城堡（Warsaw Citadel）建设中。这个非凡的建筑群由波兰历史博物馆和波兰陆军博物馆新馆组成，连同位于前防御工事遗址上的大型公园，将创造一个集文化、纪念和休闲功能为一体的场所。著名的波兰建筑设计工作室WXCA负责该项目。
WXCA: One of the largest and most modern museum complexes in today’s Europe is under construction in the capital city of Poland. It will be located at the Warsaw Citadel. This extraordinary architectural complex consists of the new seats of the Polish History Museum and the Polish Army Museum. Together with an extensive park located on the site of the former fortifications, they will create a place of culture, remembrance and recreation. The renowned Polish architectural design studio WXCA is responsible for the project.
▽波兰历史博物馆 Polish History Museum
华沙城堡距离市中心仅15分钟车程，是波兰首都的一个独特地方。追溯到19世纪，这座见证了波兰独立斗争时代的沙皇堡垒中蕴含着非凡的象征意义以及巨大的材料和建筑价值。然而，在过去的200年里，这座城堡一直与城市结构和蓬勃发展的大都市保持着分离，城中的居民也无法进入其中。在堡垒的高墙后面，一片超过30公顷的绿地被保留了下来，被一个建于二战前的现代主义住宅区所包围。
Located only 15-minute ride from the city centre, the Warsaw Citadel is a unique place on the map of Poland’s capital city. Dating back to the 19th century, the Tsarist fortification remembering the times of Polish independence struggles hides both extraordinary symbolic as well as material and architectural value. However, for the last 200 years the Citadel has remained separated from the urban fabric and from the living organism of the dynamically growing metropolis. It was also closed to the inhabitants of the city. Behind the fortress’s high brick walls, a remarkable green area of over 30 hectares has been preserved, now surrounded by a modernist residential district built before the Second World War.
现在，这个地方正在经历一场剧烈的变革，一座博物馆群正在那里建造。它由三个建筑结构组成——波兰历史博物馆总馆和波兰陆军博物馆的两座分馆。该建筑群与中心城市广场一起，被纳入华沙城堡的历史城市布局中，与广阔的城市公园，以及已经位于该地的华沙城堡博物馆第10展馆和Katyń博物馆一起，所形成的具有代表性的空间将成为欧洲最大和最现代化的博物馆群之一——一个“博物馆公园”，一个充满文化和记忆的地方，同时也是华沙居民日常活动的地方。波兰建筑设计工作室WXCA负责该项目，其采用独特的建筑语言，具体体现在对社会和自然环境敏感，具有简单和克制的美学表达，以及强烈的主体材料特征。
Today, the site is undergoing a spectacular transformation and a museum complex is being built there. It consists of three architectural structures – the headquarters of the Polish History Museum and two buildings of the Polish Army Museum. The complex, together with the central city square, has been incorporated into the historic urban layout of the Warsaw Citadel. Together with the extensive city park, as well as the Museum of the 10th Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel and the Katyń Museum already located on the site, this representative space will become one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in Europe – a kind of ‘park of museums’, a place of culture and remembrance, as well as a place for everyday activities of the inhabitants of Warsaw. The Polish architectural design studio WXCA is responsible for the project. The architects used the architectural language developed by the studio – sensitive to the social and natural context, with a simple and restrained aesthetic expression, as well as a strong material character of the body.
用石头讲述故事 A story told with stone
WXCA建筑师设计的波兰历史博物馆建筑具有隐喻，即历史被保存在一个整体中。这是一个关于历史进程的哲学故事，在这个过程中，石头成为发现过去痕迹的叙事语言。博物馆的极简形式让人想起略经雕琢的石块。
“波兰历史博物馆的外墙采用不同纹理的大理石石板铺设，它们呈水平条状排列，突出了分层的地层结构。这是地质物质固有的结构，也是考古学——自然、社会和文化过程相继发生的结构。这就是我们选择大理石的原因，这是一种纹理非常独特的石头。“每块大理石板都是不同的、独特的，就像所有的历史都是由独特的、独立的事件组成的一样。” WXCA的建筑师Krzysztof Budzisz解释道。
WXCA architects designed the building of the Polish History Museum as a metaphor for history preserved in a monolithic body. It is a philosophical story about historical processes in which stone has become the language of narrative about discovering traces of the past. The minimalist form of the Museum is somewhat reminiscent of slightly hewn stone block.
“The façade of the Polish History Museum has been laid with marble slabs of varying grain. They are arranged in horizontal strips, emphasising the layered, stratigraphic structure. It is a structure inherent to geological matter, but also to our archaeology – to the natural, social and cultural processes occurring one after the other. That’s why we opted for marble, which is a stone with a very distinctive grain. Each of the marble slabs is different, unique, just as all history consists of unique, individual events”, explains architect Krzysztof Budzisz of the WXCA architectural design studio.
在这些层次中，融入了波兰建筑中传统的图案，仿佛它们是不同时期的考古遗迹。然而，这些并非字面上的引用，而是经过几何变换的装饰物，是对Gniezno门浮雕、哥特式钻石拱顶或卡托维兹现代主义斯波德克竞技场图案的一种引用。
Within these layers, motifs from the Polish architectural tradition have been incorporated, as if they were archaeological remnants from different periods. However, these are not literal quotations, but ornaments subjected to geometric transformations, which are a reference to such patterns as, among others, the relief from the Gniezno Doors, the Gothic diamond vault or the motif from the modernist Spodek arena in Katowice.
除了展览区和用于储存和保护文物的房间，波兰历史博物馆还将包括许多具有文化功能的空间：一个600座的音乐厅、一个放映室和戏剧室、图书馆、会议室和教育室，以及一个可以欣赏华沙全景的露台。
建筑师说道：“我们设计的内部空间规划，使不同功能区块之间的移动类似于在石块内部流动的沉浸式体验，蜿蜒曲折，进入历史的深处，发现其多维性”。
波兰历史博物馆将占地近4.5万平方米，计划每年接待约50万名游客。
In addition to the exhibition area and rooms for the storage and conservation of artefacts, the Polish History Museum will include numerous spaces with a cultural function: a concert hall with 600 seats, a screening and theatre room, a library, conference and education rooms, and a terrace to enjoy a panoramic view of Warsaw.
“We designed the interior plan in such a way that the movement between the different functional blocks resembles an immersive experience of flowing inside a stone monolithic block, meandering, entering the depths of history, discovering its multidimensionality”, say the architects.
The Polish History Museum will cover a surface area of almost 45,000 square metres and plans to receive around 500,000 visitors a year.
光影描摹的细节 Details drawn with light
WXCA也负责了波兰陆军博物馆建筑空间的设计布局，两座建筑彼此相对，包围着具有代表性的 Gwardii 广场。整体建筑群的布局，使城堡建造前的波兰皇家卫队步兵营的原始城市布局清晰可辨。
The spatial arrangement also includes the buildings of the Polish Army Museum, located opposite each other and enclosing the representative Gwardii Square. The entire complex has been laid out in such a way as to make the original urban layout of the barracks of the Polish Crown Guard Infantry from before the construction of the Citadel legible.
▽建筑群模型 Warsaw Citadel – mockup
▽波兰陆军博物馆 Polish Army Museum
与波兰历史博物馆一样，波兰陆军博物馆项目的建筑表达也是由所使用材料的物理和可塑性，以及使用这些材料的工艺所决定的。这一次，建筑师选择了彩色的建筑混凝土，其颜色与华沙城堡的砖墙颜色相似。正在建设中的博物馆几何形体的纪念性被一个特别设计的空间图案所软化，该图案被印在巨大的块状平面上，旨在让人联想起军事图案。建筑的空间形式被设想为一个光影交错的戏剧性雕塑表面，可以根据一天中不同的时间而变化，从而改变建筑的整体感知。各个装饰模块的大小是WXCA建筑师根据人的尺度，即人的手来设计的，因此我们可以体验到一种渐进的审美体验——当你接近这座不朽的、有规律的躯体时，外墙的细节就会凸显出来。
As with the Polish History Museum, the architectural expression of the project of the Polish Army Museum is determined by the physical and malleable properties of the materials used, and the craftsmanship of working with them. This time the architects opted for coloured architectural concrete, which has a similar colour to the brick walls of the Warsaw Citadel. The monumentality of the geometrised body of the museum under construction was softened by a specially designed spatial pattern imprinted on the plane of the massive blocks. The chevron pattern was intended to bring military motifs to mind. Its spatial form was conceived as a surface for a sculptural play of light and shadow that changes depending on the time of day and thus alters the overall perception of the building. The size of the individual ornamental modules was designed by the WXCA architects based on the scale of a human being, namely the human hand, thanks to which we can experience a gradual aesthetic experience – as you approach the monumental, disciplined body, the details of the façade come to the fore.
博物馆的内部是建立在各个功能块的主体与它们之间的空间张力之上的。功能块的形式服从于展览和展品本身的自由安排，并为展览提供一个简洁的背景。
The interior of the museum is based on the spatial tension between the bodies of the individual functional blocks and the space between them. The form of the functional blocks is subordinated to the free arrangement of the exhibition and the exhibits themselves, and provides a minimalist background for the exhibition.
“功能块主体之间的玻璃幕墙模糊了内外之间的界限。博物馆还以其他方式与公园建立联系——在绿地中设有露天展览的空间，华沙城堡的一些历史建筑将被改造为服务设施。我们把整个建筑群的建筑结构和公园空间视为一个不可分割的整体。这就是我们所说的“博物馆公园”的含义，它超越了我们对传统博物馆空间的思考方式。” 建筑师pawewolanin表示。
华沙城堡博物馆群的第一阶段将于明年完工。
“There are glass facades between the bodies of functional blocks. Thanks to them the boundary between inside and outside is blurred. The museum also communicates with the park in other ways – among the green areas there will be spaces for open-air exhibitions, and some of the historic buildings of the Warsaw Citadel will be adapted for provision of services. We have treated the architectural structures of the entire complex and the park space as an inseparable whole. This is what we mean by the term ‘park of museums’, which transcends the traditional way of thinking about museum space”, announces architect Paweł Wolanin.
The first stage of the museum complex at the Warsaw Citadel will be completed in the coming year.
▽建筑群效果图 Warsaw Citadel – visualization
项目名称：One of the largest museum complexes in Europe
项目地点：波兰 华沙
项目状态：建设中
设计公司：WXCA
公司网址：http://www.wxca.pl/
Project name: One of the largest museum complexes in Europe
Project location: Warsaw, Poland
Project status: under construction
Design company: WXCA
Website: http://www.wxca.pl/
“ 设计把整个建筑群和公园空间视为一个不可分割的整体，以超越对传统博物馆空间的思考方式，打造了一个集文化、纪念和休闲功能为一体的‘博物馆公园’。”
审稿编辑：SIM
更多 Read more about：WXCA
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