普洱李宅 / 赵扬建筑

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赵扬建筑：这是为普洱当地一户三代同堂的家庭设计的住宅。普洱地处云南南部，毗邻西双版纳，从纬度上看，气候当属热带。但其地貌为连绵丘陵，海拔约1300 米，阳光明媚，四季气候宜人，因此当地的住宅都比较强调庭院和花园等室外空间的利用。

Zhaoyang Architect：Pu’er is a small city in south Yunnan Province. The region enjoys agreeable climate and preferable natural environment. The client had asked for a house in which three generations of her family would live together.

▽三楼的茶亭 The tea booth on the third floor

▽从三楼茶亭看向普洱市 Looking at Pu ‘er City from the tea pavilion on the third floor

这个住宅选址在普洱市最南端的一个住宅小区内，紧邻其南侧的城市郊野公园。这个小区由当地比较富裕家庭的独户住宅聚集而成，这些住宅在过去十几年内逐渐建成，因为缺乏统一规划和设计，建筑形态比较凌乱。

The site is in an affluent area with freestanding villas, mostly three stories high. The new house is a three-story structure of grey off-form concrete walls textured with rough wooden formwork. This direct expression of concrete and a refusal to express a preference for color marks a humble but uncompromising posture against the light pink and yellow buildings nearby.

▽沿道路的立面 Along the road facade

▽主入口与车库 Main entrance with garage

▽从木格栅大门看主入口庭院 View of the main entrance courtyard from the wood-grated gate

▽从主入口透过门厅看向水院 The main entrance looks out onto the water courtyard through the foyer

鉴于基地南北两个朝向的边界条件的不同，我们让这个建筑的主朝向面对南侧的山体和自然，同时呼应基地的边界形状让建筑体量打散并错动成环抱后山的态势。体量的错动关系减小了建筑的尺度感，把这个房子和左右邻居房子的体量衔接起来，在沿街立面形成自然的过度关系。

A curved boundary wall on the north side acts as a buffer against traffic noise. Major spaces of the house are oriented to the hill on the southwestern side of the site since this orientation is relatively private and related directly to nature.

▽朝向花园的立面 Facade towards the garden

▽餐厅和茶室之间的莲雾 Lotus mist between restaurant and tea room

▽从后院看向餐厅 Looking out from the backyard to the dining room

▽从茶室看向餐厅 Looking from the tea room to the dining room

▽餐厅 Dining room

▽餐厅连接山体的端头 The restaurant is connected to the end of the mountain

普洱殷实的人家都有自己独立的宅院。大多数时候，普洱人都喜欢待在庭院里或者檐廊下。因为花园实在比室内舒服得太多，和郁郁葱葱的院子比起来，室内总感觉有些闭塞而且黯然。在花园中，院坝里，简易的凉棚下，普洱人围着一张张低矮的竹制圆桌吃饭，大家坐在大约30公分高的竹凳上，正餐都会有点野餐的感觉。

On the ground floor, the west and south gardens seem to engage interior spaces in a game of “pushing hands”, the Chinese exercise aimed at promoting focus and a sense of balance. Structure is highly irregular with walls placed on the northern part of the plan and steel columns along the edge of the north and south courts. The rough texture of walls, kept the same indoors as well as outdoors, contributes an atmospheric but backgrounded quality.

▽山脚、挡土墙与院落 Foothills, retaining walls and courtyards

▽幕墙、薄阳台和檐沟 Curtain wall, thin balcony and gutter

▽从餐厅屋面露台看向桑拿房泡池 The view from the restaurant roof terrace to the sauna pool

▽从桑拿房泡池看向后院 Looking out into the backyard from the sauna pool

▽从影视厅入口反观主庭院的桂花树 View the osmanthus trees in the main courtyard from the entrance of the movie hall

因此，我们对这里生活场景的想象特别强调室内外空间的交流和融合。建筑的首层是一个宽敞通透的流动空间，面对南侧的花园完全打开。主要的起居功能被安排在这样一个没有明显区隔的空间，各部分空间的使用状态由家具所定义。卧室和其他氛围静谧的房间被安排在二层和三层。建筑体量逐层向上收缩，形成面对花园和山体的露台。

Internal walls have been minimized so that furniture marks the foci of a meandering field. The number of columns has been minimized also and those that remain are coved with copper to make them inconspicuous. The maximum span of 7.5 m in one location, unusual for a three-story building, required an upturned beam 400 mm deep.

▽起居室南侧 South of the living room

▽起居室从南往北看 The living room looks from south to north

▽从起居室看向水院端头的树 The living room looks at the trees at the end of the water yard

▽从起居室转向餐厅 From the living room to the dining room

▽从厨房岛台看起居室 View of living room from kitchen island

▽从起居室看主楼梯 View of main staircase from living room

▽从三楼俯瞰主楼梯 Overlooking the main staircase from the third floor

▽楼梯细部 Staircase detail

我们选择了混凝土剪力墙体系作为主要的结构体系，并在建筑的南立面局部使用钢柱来加强这部分立面的透明度和轻盈感。木模清水混凝土作为整个建筑的立面材料在这个风格凌乱的小区显得谦逊而能自持。

The contours of the hill provided two clues for the ground floor plan. The edge of the sauna and movie room facing the west garden is a continuation of the hillscape that introduces a diagonal geometry to the plan. The contours of the hills facing the south garden allows a staircase to follow the orthogonal geometry of the house. The geometry of the dining area is a consequence of the topography.

▽朝向花园的立面 Facade towards the garden

▽露台与树 Terrace and tree

▽主庭院南端的棕榈 Palm at the south end of the main courtyard

▽绿荫、玻璃砖墙与清水混凝土 Shade, glass brick walls and fair-faced concrete

普洱李宅是赵扬建筑工作室在中国乡村地区实践的一个典型案例。自从以云南大理作为建筑实践基地的十年以来，我们在各种类型的项目中强调建筑学对场地特质和生活方式的回归。这个方向可以简单的用“地方生活”这四个字来概括。所谓地方，不局限于项目场地周边的物理条件，而是要对项目所在区域的地域文化作相对全面的考察，这种考察有时候需要借助人类学的视角和方法，一方面要研究乡土建筑和乡土文化，一方面也要能从乡土中跳脱，去看到那些影响人类生活的更为基本和普遍的东西，觅得上出的通途。而所谓生活，是当代的生活，因为信息时代已经不可逆转地把个体的意识和全世界连接了起来，当代的生活也就无法再脱离一个全球化的地平线。我们也只能在这个基础上去重新建立生活的文化，作为承载和体现生活文化的建筑学将在此基础上自然生长。

While the plan of the ground floor plays out its game of inside/outside, balconies and full-height glazing on the second and third floors create a theatre-like relation to life in the southern courtyards below. On the second floor, corridors have been minimized by creating a suite of rooms. But privacy issues of the bedrooms meant that the location of walls (and structural considerations) are quite different to the ground floor situation. A process of “pushing hands” had to be extended from the ground floor to modulate the spatial delineation of the upper floors. In order to maintain a sense of openness towards the south for the major rooms upstairs, circulation issues had to be minimized by generating suites rooms. Natural materials had been chosen to create the right atmosphere of the house: Teak flooring and doors, copper handrails, terrazzo for some of the interior flooring, lava stone for the garden and pool and natural stone masonry for the retaining wall. Trees had also been planted carefully to provide shade and filter sunlight.

▽简洁质朴的清水混凝土建筑 Simple plain concrete building

▽从禅堂看后山 View back hill from Zen hall

▽茶室和北楼梯起点 Tea room and north staircase starting point

▽从家庭活动室看向后山 Looking out over the hill from the family room

▽立面檐沟的火山岩盖板&楼梯踏步、栏杆与扶手 Volcanic rock cover of the eaves gutter on the facade & stair steps, railings and handrails

▽老人房外的起居空间 Living space outside the old people’s room

▽老人房外的起居空间(钢柱与柚木门框) Living space outside the old people’s room (steel column and teak door frame)

▽花园里的火山岩弹石铺地 The garden is paved with volcanic rocks

▽建筑细部 Architectural detail

▽李宅夜景 Night view of Li House

业主：私人
基地面积：1112 m2
建筑面积：1124 m2
建筑、室内和景观设计：赵扬建筑工作室
设计团队：赵扬、王典、李烨、李乐
结构设计：马智刚
机电设计：北京卡林建筑设计有限责任公司
清水混凝土专项施工：素造建筑
实木门窗系统：森鹰门窗
项目地点：中国云南省普洱市高家寨
设计阶段：2014.05 – 2014.12
施工阶段：2014.12 – 2017.12

Architect: Zhaoyang Architects
Design team: Yang ZHAO, Dian WANG, Ye Li, Le LI,
Structure design: Zhigang MA
Electromechanical design: Beijing Kalin Architectural Design Co. Ltd.
Project location: Gaojiazhai Village, Pu’er city, Yunnan Province, China
Design phase: May.2014 – Dec.2014
Construction phase: Dec.2014 – Dec.2017
Site area: 1112 ㎡
Floor area: 1124㎡

“ 室内外的空间联动，让居所更为自然舒适。”

审稿编辑: Maggie

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