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EJI + MASS Design Group：美国国家和平与正义纪念馆于2018年4月26日向公众开放，是美国第一个纪念被奴役的黑人、被私刑恐吓的人、被种族隔离和被美国人羞辱的非裔美国人以及背负着当代有罪推定和警察暴力的有色人种的纪念馆。
EJI + MASS Design Group：The National Memorial for Peace and Justice, which opened to the public on April 26, 2018, is the nation’s first memorial dedicated to the legacy of enslaved black people, people terrorized by lynching, African Americans humiliated by racial segregation and Jim Crow, and people of color burdened with contemporary presumptions of guilt and police violence.
纪念馆的修建工作始于2010年，当时EJI的工作人员开始着手调查美国南部数千起种族恐怖私刑事件，其中有许多事件从未被记录在案。EJI不仅调查种族私刑事件，而且还调查研究了对黑人社区的暴力行为的认可所造成的恐怖和创伤影响，因为正是由于这些“恐怖的种族私刑”，600万黑人被迫作为难民和流亡者逃离南方。这项研究最终在2015年出版了《美国私刑:直面种族恐怖遗留问题》，共记录了12个州的数千起种族恐怖私刑。自报告发布以来，EJI通过记录南方腹地以外各州的种族恐怖私刑，补充了其最初的研究。EJI的工作人员还开展了一项纪念这段历史的项目，他们参观了数百处私刑遗址，收集土壤，建立公共标志物，尽力用更真实、更准确地方式反映我们历史的纪念碑和纪念物，以此来重塑文化景观。
Work on the memorial began in 2010 when EJI staff began investigating thousands of racial terror lynchings in the American South, many of which had never been documented. EJI was interested not only in lynching incidents, but in understanding the terror and trauma this sanctioned violence against the black community created. Six million black people fled the South as refugees and exiles as a result of these “racial terror lynchings.” This research ultimately produced Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror in 2015 which documented thousands of racial terror lynchings in twelve states. Since the report’s release, EJI has supplemented its original research by documenting racial terror lynchings in states outside the Deep South. EJI staff have also embarked on a project to memorialize this history by visiting hundreds of lynching sites, collecting soil, and erecting public markers, in an effort to reshape the cultural landscape with monuments and memorials that more truthfully and accurately reflect our history.
和平与正义纪念馆的设计构想是希望创建一个冷静而有意义的场所，让人们聚集在这里，反思美国种族不平等的历史。EJI与西非雕塑家Kwame Akoto-Bamfo合作，当游客进入纪念馆时，他们就会首先看到他的奴隶制雕塑，然后，EJI通过美国私刑受害者的文字、叙述和纪念碑，带领游客从奴隶制、私刑和种族恐怖中走出来，而在场地中心，游客们会看到一个与MASS设计团队合作建造的纪念广场。这些纪念经历一直延续到民权时代，Dana King为支持蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动的妇女制作了一座雕塑，使的这项事件得以铭记。最后，纪念之旅以Hank Willis Thomas创作的最后一部表达了警察暴力和种族偏见刑事司法的当代问题的作品作为结束。纪念馆还展示了Toni Morrison和Elizabeth Alexander的作品、马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)博士的遗言、以及一个纪念Ida B. Wells的反思空间。
The Memorial for Peace and Justice was conceived with the hope of creating a sober, meaningful site where people can gather and reflect on America’s history of racial inequality. EJI partnered with artists like Kwame Akoto-Bamfo, a West African sculptor, whose sculpture on slavery confronts visitors when they first enter the memorial. EJI then leads visitors on a journey from slavery, through lynching and racial terror, with text, narrative, and monuments to the lynching victims in America. In the center of the site, visitors encounter a memorial square, built in collaboration with the MASS Design Group. The memorial experience continues through the civil rights era made visible with a sculpture by Dana King dedicated to the women who sustained the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Finally, the memorial journey ends with contemporary issues of police violence and racially biased criminal justice expressed in a final work created by Hank Willis Thomas. The memorial displays writings from Toni Morrison and Elizabeth Alexander, words from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and a reflection space in honor of Ida B. Wells.
© Equal Justice Initiative ∕ Human Pictures
© Equal Justice Initiative
纪念馆占地六英亩，利用雕塑、艺术和设计将种族恐怖融入背景。该遗址中有一个纪念广场，广场上有800座六英尺高的纪念碑，象征着美国以及发生恐怖主义的县和州的成千上万的被种族恐怖主义处以私刑的受害者。
Set on a six-acre site, the memorial uses sculpture, art, and design to contextualize racial terror. The site includes a memorial square with 800 six-foot monuments to symbolize thousands of racial terror lynching victims in the United States and the counties and states where this terrorism took place.
遗址中心的纪念建筑由800多座耐候顿钢结构纪念碑组成，每一座代表美国发生种族恐怖私刑的一个县。纪念碑不仅仅只代表着一个静态的纪念碑，还有许多被处以私刑的受害者的名字刻在柱子上。在这个占地六英亩的公园里，围有一片同样的纪念碑，等待着被认领和安置在它们所代表的县。随着时间的推移，国家纪念馆将会成为一份研究报告，告诉人们这个国家的哪些地区曾面对过这种恐怖的真相，哪些地区则没有。
The memorial structure on the center of the site is constructed of over 800 corten steel monuments, one for each county in the United States where a racial terror lynching took place. The names of the lynching victims are engraved on the columns. The memorial is more than a static monument. In the six-acre park surrounding the memorial is a field of identical monuments, waiting to be claimed and installed in the counties they represent. Over time, the national memorial will serve as a report on which parts of the country have confronted the truth of this terror and which have not.
我们发出的“公平正义倡议”正邀请全国各地的县政府宣布他们的纪念碑的所有权，并把它安置在它所代表的县政府的永久所在地，这一进程终将改变南方腹地及更远地区的建筑环境，更真实地反映我们的历史。作为这一过程的一部分，EJI的工作人员已经在与数十个社区进行对话，希望他们认领自己的纪念碑。EJI带着思考和关怀和他们进行对话——包括我们所有的社区教育工作——充满了思考和关怀。作为这个过程的另一部分，EJI与社区成员分享历史和教育材料，鼓励有色人种参与社区，并与合作伙伴一起寻找合适的位置，我们努力确保纪念馆的这些过程有助于当地社区以建设性和有意义的方式参与这一部分历史。
The Equal Justice Initiative is inviting counties across the country to claim their monument and erect it in its permanent home in the county it represents. Eventually, this process will change the built environment of the Deep South and beyond to more honestly reflect our history. As part of this process, EJI staff are already in conversation with dozens of communities seeking to claim their monument. EJI approaches these conversations — and all of our community education work — with thought and care. As part this process, EJI shares historical and educational material with community members, encourages participation from communities of color, and works with partners to find an appropriate geographic location, as part of an effort to ensure that the process of monument claiming itself helps local communities engage with this history in a constructive and meaningful way.
地点: 美国阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利
年份: 2016年
状态: 完成
大小: 2800平方米
项目: 纪念
服务范围: 概念设计、总体规划、建筑与景观设计、建筑设计与景观设计记录
客户: 公平正义行动
Location: Montgomery, Alabama
Year: 2016
Status: Complete
Size: 2,800 sq. m.
Program: Memorial
Services: Conceptual Design, Master Planning, Architectural and Landscape Design, Architect and Landscape Architect of Record
Clients: Equal Justice Initiative
更多 Read more about: EJI 、MASS Design Group
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