从灰到绿的生态实践：银川第一再生水厂公园 / GVL怡境国际集团

本文由 GVL 怡境国际设计集团授权mooool发表，欢迎转发，禁止以mooool编辑版本转载。
Thanks GVL for authorizing the publication of the project on mooool, Text description provided by GVL.

怡境设计：位于中心城区的银川第一再生水厂为解决当地缺水的问题做出了巨大的贡献，然而巨大的灰色基础设施也给周边社区带来了不少负面的影响。为了解决这些冲突，景观设计师通过景观设计策略，在水厂屋顶上方创建了一个具有社会价值、环境弹性和包容性的城市公园，把一个传统的水厂转变成为对公众开放的花园式水厂。公园的建设重塑了人们对水厂的刻板印象，成为附近40万民众最喜爱的公共活动空间，同时改善了场地的生态环境，提升了生物多样性水平，甚至还提升了周边土地的价值，成功实现了灰色基础设施向绿色基础设施的定位转变。

GVL：The Yinchuan No. 1 Reclaimed Water Plant has made a significant contribution to solving the local water shortage problem. However, this huge grey facility has also brought many negative impacts to surrounding communities. Landscape architects have successfully mitigated these effects by converting the massive wastewater plant into a dynamic urban park, creating a socially beneficial, environmentally resilient, and community-inclusive public space. Thereby, the project has reshaped people’s negative preconceptions about the water plant and has also improved local ecology, biodiversity, and land value, benefiting the 400,000 nearby residents. This initiative serves as a model for transforming grey facilities into green infrastructure.

▽一个在水厂上的公园

从灰到绿

From Grey to Green

银川第一再生水厂坐落于中国西北地区重要的城市——银川市，古丝绸之路的商贸重镇。该区域地处沙漠和黄土高原的包围之中，极为干旱缺水，而周边的经济发展又需要大量的水源，于是雄心勃勃的当地政府兴建了一座污水处理规模31.6万m³/d的大型再生水厂来缓解区域缺水的问题。这个位于市区的“巨无霸”水厂的占地面积就达到了23万平方米，对于周边的社区产生了一系列的负面影响，其中包括了噪声、气味、粉尘、污水、土壤、生态环境等的问题，以及巨大水厂建筑体带来的视觉上的压迫感，周边的地价也因此被拉低，周边的居民避之不及。

景观设计师被选中用景观策略来应对以上的挑战。于是设计师用几个月的时间与水厂工程师紧密合作，提出在水厂上方创造一个集休闲娱乐、生态保育、环境教育于一体的城市公园的设想。景观设计师利用场地原有土方将巨大的建筑体进行覆土消隐，形成层次丰富的台地花园，用以缓解水厂带来的负面影响，同时还提供了高品质的运动、休闲、娱乐、聚会、自然探索、科普教育等活动空间，满足了周边居民的对于高品质公共开放空间的需求以及为野生动物提供了栖息地。除此之外，景观设计师还利用水厂的尾水作为人工湖、灌溉用水及其它景观用水的水源，以及增加环境教育方面的科普展示，使公园成为一座传递可持续节水理念的绿色基础设施。

The Yinchuan No. 1 Reclaimed Water Plant, located in the arid city of Yinchuan, China, was constructed to address water scarcity issues. Its large structure and negative impacts, such as noise and odor, diminished the value of the adjacent land. To mitigate these issues, landscape architects were engaged to design an urban park above the water plant. Inspired by the local topography, the park boasts terraced gardens and sports facilities, using the excavated soil to conceal the plant and minimize its impact. Now, the park provides recreational, conservation, and educational spaces for the community, along with habitats for wildlife, all of these are sustained by the plant’s recycled tailwater for irrigation and lake creation.

Landscape designers use landscape strategies to address the above challenges. It took several months of close cooperation with the engineers of the water plant to propose the idea of creating an urban park integrating leisure and entertainment, ecological conservation and environmental education above the water plant. The inspiration for the curved shape of the park comes from the Outlines of the surrounding mountains and rivers, and it also combines the functions of drainage and rainwater collection. The designer utilized the original earthwork on the site to cover the huge building structure with soil to create a richly layered terraced garden, which was used to alleviate the negative impacts brought by the water plant. At the same time, it also provided high-quality activity Spaces for sports, leisure, entertainment, gatherings, nature exploration, and science popularization education. It meets the demands of the surrounding residents for high-quality public open Spaces and provides habitats for wild animals. In addition, the designer also uses the tail water from the water plant as the water source for the artificial lake, irrigation water and other landscape water, and adds popular science displays on environmental education, making the park a green infrastructure that conveys the concept of sustainable water conservation.

▽本项目将一个在沙漠干旱地区的普通水厂转变为一个具有社会价值、环境复原力和社区包容性的“沙漠绿洲”。

▽经过三年的工程建设，在景观设计师和水厂工程师协作下，在巨大水厂上呈现出一个生机盎然的城市公园。

消隐的水厂

Concealing the Water Plant

作为水厂中最大的构筑物，A2O 生物池规模达到了 320 米X160 米X 6 米，占地面积达 54000 平方米。如此庞大的建筑体量，给周边环境带来了显著的视觉压力，同时噪音与气味问题也亟待解决。面对这一挑战，景观设计师凭借专业素养与创新思维，提出了一系列科学合理的解决方案。

设计师充分考量现场条件，巧妙利用西侧人工湖区域及水厂水池的土方，对生化池建筑进行了遮盖与隐藏处理。通过精准的土方平衡操作，塑造出湖面、台地与微丘地形，不仅成功消隐了建筑的庞大体量，更实现了现场材料的高效再利用，最大化提升了场地的整体效能。

为了满足地下厂房采光和通风的需要，公园内设置了 8 个大型采光天窗与 78 个光导管，游客还可以通过采光窗直观了解污水处理的全过程，这种巧妙的设计既满足了公众的科普需求，又确保了水厂的照明需求，实现了运营功能与景观的完美融合。

The largest building in the plant, the A2O biological pool, presented a visual and sensory challenge. Landscape architects ingeniously utilized excavated soil to cover and integrate the 54,000 square meters pool, creating a balanced earthwork design that included a lake, terraces, and landforms. Skylights and tubular daylighting systems were incorporated into the park, not only brightening the underground facility but also offering visitors a unique view of the wastewater treatment process without interfering the plant’s operations.

▽通过土方平衡的方式，利用挖掘西侧湖区和水厂池体的土方，对生化池建筑进行掩埋覆土处理，并塑造出湖体、台地及微丘地形，使生化池建筑完全消隐在公园中。

▽利用地形形成的台阶座椅及空中栈道为人们提供了休闲、观光、娱乐和社交的优质空间。

水资源回用

Water Recycle

为确保公园内1.7万平方米大型水景及植物灌溉的稳定水源，景观设计师携手污水处理工程师，将处理达标的尾水引入湿地与湖泊，实现100%再生水回用。经净化、过滤与消毒后，尾水自宽25米、高6米的壮观瀑布奔腾而下，不仅成为热门景观，更兼具增氧与过滤功能，进一步提升尾水水质。

此外，设计师在场地布置超5000平方米的低影响开发（LID）设施，高效收集雨水。雨水经管网输送至湿地与湖区，每年可净化约2万吨雨水，回用于景观水景与植物灌溉，显著降低自来水消耗，减少对周边自然水系的污染风险，全方位践行绿色生态理念。

To ensure a reliable water supply for the park’s water features, landscape architects collaborated with wastewater engineers to divert treated tailwater into the wetland and lake, achieving a 100% recycling rate for the water used. The tailwater from the plant undergoes a thorough purification, filtration, and disinfection process before cascading through a scenic waterfall, which doubles as an aeration and filtering system.

Additionally, rainwater is harvested via 5,000 square meters of designed Low Impact Development facilities and conveyed into the wetland and lake area, thereby mitigating flooding and pollution risks.

▽水厂经过处理的尾水被引入湿地和湖区中，为创建17000㎡大型水景和公园内的绿地灌溉提供稳定的水源。

▽以水厂再生水为水源的人工湖为改善微气候和展示再生水回用价值做出了贡献。

▽人工湖内25米宽8米高的巨幕瀑布奔涌而下，气势磅礴，成为公园区内聚集人气的焦点，同时兼具增氧过滤功能，进一步促进尾水水质的提升。

▽公园的健身活动场地以“冰川”为主题，为各个年龄段的使用者提供多元化的活动空间，包括以水厂净化设备为灵感而设计的健身器械。

▽雨水管理策略：超过5000㎡的LID设施用于收集雨水，并汇集到湿地和湖区当中。每年可净化约20000吨雨水用于景观水体补水和绿化浇灌。

▽人工湿地一方面可以进一步净化了尾水的水质及消纳雨水，同时提供一个折线形的观景木栈道，吸引访客探索湿地的奥秘。

生态修复

Ecological Restoration

秉持快速恢复场地生态的理念，景观设计师从周边自然山林中汲取灵感，采用密林、疏林与空地相结合的混合种植模式，精心挑选并种植了100多种植物，构建起一个多样化的复合植被群落，其中包含4700棵本土树木。修复后，场地整体绿化率高达75%，空气与噪音污染显著降低，小气候得到显著改善。经监测分析，该场地每年可固碳86.4吨。

此外，丰富的水生与陆生生境为野生动物提供了理想的栖息与繁殖空间。公园建成后一年内，便吸引了红嘴鸥、灰喜鹊、灰斑鸠等10多种鸟类，以及蜉蝣目、褶翅目和毛翅目（EPT）昆虫等其他生物。这些生物的栖息与繁衍，极大地改善了环境质量，显著提升了生物多样性，为城市生态修复树立了典范。

The park swiftly restored the site’s ecology. Landscape architects drew inspiration from the region’s mountain forests, introducing over 100 species of plants, including 4,700 native trees. This has resulted in a 75% green coverage rate, substantially decreasing air and noise pollution and improving the local microclimate. The site now sequesters 86.4 tons of carbon annually and provides a habitat for wildlife.

▽被植栽的超过4700棵树借鉴了周边自然山林的群落模式，共种植了超过4700棵树。建成一年后，通过监测，已经发现了36种新物种在此栖息，场地的生态环境得到显著改善。

▽公园大部分区域采用低维护、节水型旱地景观设计，以应对本地干旱、缺水的气候环境。“气候数据”装置展现本地干旱的气候特点与节水的联系。

节水教育基地

The Water Conservation Education Center

节水教育作为本项目的核心理念，得到了深度贯彻与创新呈现。景观设计师精心打造了“水滴之旅”教育项目，涵盖科普展示系统、湿地保护教育、互动教育装置以及环境科普展馆等丰富的教育课程，向访客展示污水是如何一步步经过各种工艺流程不断变干净，达到可排放标准，最终重回自然的故事，深度传播了节能环保理念，每周吸引10余个参观团队。

此外，水厂公园已成为当地学校开展户外科普教育活动的重要基地。通过便捷的在线预约系统，学生们得以深入参观地下水厂，亲身体验并深刻理解节约用水的重要意义，为培养下一代的环保意识与节水责任感奠定了坚实基础。

Water conservation education is a key concept underpinning this project. A program named ‘The Journey of a Water Drop’ was introduced to the public. It comprises a variety of wetland conservation education, interactive installments, and an environmental science exhibition. This program illustrates the reclaimed water treatment process to visitors and advocates for energy conservation and environmental protection. It draws over 10 visitor groups each week and hosts outdoor science education activities for local schools.

▽公园提供的“一滴水的旅程”教育体验课程备受欢迎，每周都吸引超过10几个团体过来参观考察，并成为当地学校举办户外科普教育活动的基地。

▽水厂的生产区也被设计成可对公众开放的公园。访客可以进入水厂内部进行参观，了解可持续发展理念及节约用水的重要性。

社会价值

Social Impact

银川第一再生水厂公园自建成开放以来，迅速成为当地新晋的网红打卡点，每日接待游客量高达10,000人次。在节假日与周末，公园更是成为当地市民举办各类活动的首选地，人们在此拍照打卡并分享到社交平台，进一步扩大了公园的知名度。

此外，公园周边的房产价值显著提升，有力推动了城市经济的发展，创造了更多就业机会。作为大型城市污水处理厂实施生态战略的先驱典范，该公园展现了包容性、活力与弹性，是创新城市规划与可持续发展理念的生动见证。

Since its unveiling, the park has emerged as a bustling tourist attraction, drawing as many as 10,000 visitors each day. On weekends and holidays, local residents organize events in the park, capturing photos and videos to share on social media. This online sharing amplifies awareness of the park’s innovative design, boosting the city’s reputation. Additionally, the park’s increasing popularity has driven up local property values, stimulating economic growth and job creation, contributing to the regional development.

▽公园建成开放后，已经成为当地一个现象级的旅游景点，每天吸引多达10,000名访客。籍此扩大了城市的影响力，周边的地价也因此大幅提升，同时促进了城市的经济发展和当地就业。