一场基于生态优先的森林探索旅程—小溪塔森林公园 / HID翰地景观

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HID翰地景观：小溪塔森林公园位于宜昌市夷陵区核心城区的小溪塔区，距离主城区仅一黄柏河之隔，占地面积89公顷，是以森林生态为基础，集休闲娱乐、生态观光、宗教文化等功能于一体的市民休闲公园，是小溪塔城区重要的城市“绿肺”和生态氧吧。森林公园开放于上世纪，目前的配套设施已经不能满足市民的需求。本文所述项目范围为小溪塔森林公园改造的启动区，是从城市主干道入口区域至森林公园内的至喜楼区域，承担着营造森林公园外界面形象、进入体验、科普教育、山地休闲运动等多种功能。

HID：Xiaoxita Forest Park is situated in the Xiaoxita area of the core urban zone in Yiling District, Yichang City. It is separated from the main city center only by the Huangbai River and covers a total area of 89 hectares. The park is a forest ecology-based recreational space for residents, integrating leisure and entertainment, ecological sightseeing, and religious culture. It serves as a significant urban “green lung” and ecological oxygen bar for the Xiaoxita urban area. Originally opened to the public in the last century, the park’s current supporting facilities no longer meet the needs of citizens. The project scope discussed in this document refers to the initial phase of the renovation of Xiaoxita Forest Park, spanning from the entrance area along the main city road to the Zhixi Tower area within the park. This section undertakes multiple functions, including shaping the park’s external image, enhancing the entry experience, providing science education, and supporting mountain leisure activities.

▽项目概览，以森林生态为基础，集休闲娱乐、生态观光、宗教文化等功能于一体的市民休闲公园

▽一场基于生态优先的森林探索旅程

▽项目平面设计图

整体现状为典型的丘陵岗地地貌，山体冲沟将丘陵地形一分为二，汇入黄柏河，也使整个地势形成陡峭山谷，而入口区及整条入口动线位于山谷的山腰线之上。

公园地处中亚热带常绿阔叶林带 , 植物资源较为丰富，园内有维管束植物 105 科，其中蕨类植物7 科，裸子植物 4 科，被子植物 94 科，共 345 种，将之划分为 14 个植被群落。分布面积相对较大的为马尾松、樟树、柏树、山乌桕、紫薇、柑橘等。现状入口区植物以香樟、栾树、乌桕等乔木为主，现状车行道两侧以马尾松、樟树为主。

The overall terrain exhibits typical hilly landforms, where mountain gullies bisect the ridges and converge into the Huangbai River, forming steep valleys. The entrance area and the entire access route are situated above the mid-slope contour line of these valleys.

The park is situated in the mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone and boasts relatively abundant plant resources. It is home to 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 105 families, including 7 families of pteridophytes, 4 families of gymnosperms, and 94 families of angiosperms. These are categorized into 14 distinct vegetation communities. The more extensively distributed species include Masson’s pine, camphor trees, cypress, mountain tallow trees, crape myrtles, and citrus trees. The current entrance area is predominantly planted with trees such as camphor trees, goldenrain trees, and Chinese tallow trees, while both sides of the existing carriageway are mainly lined with Masson’s pine and camphor trees.

▽项目现场植被调研

入口区动线混乱、人车混行，有较大的安全隐患。现状场地被大量的未被充分利用的停车场地覆盖，缺乏人行的集散空间和活动空间。临近城市主干道界面有一处废弃的水泵房占用了空间并阻隔了入口的视线。上山处坡度极大，塑石假山参差凌乱，局部塑石已经脱落。

由于现状废弃水泵房的存在，形象感极弱，经过多方论证、沟通、协调，最终废弃的水泵房在设计的主张之下进行了拆除。拆除之后的场地形成了非常明显的内外高差关系。现场的停车位对入口形象造成了较大的负面影响和生态破坏，经过现场调查发现，附近有停车场地可利用，平衡了停车需求后，我们决定取消部分停车位，弱化硬质感，既保证了入口形象也让大部分游客停车后的动线可以与旁边商业街区联动。

入口区域上山路径坡度极大，有一定的安全隐患。越往深处行走，树林越密，现状塑石假山垒墙参差凌乱陈旧，与现场的森林风貌脱节。设计决定在不破坏生态环境的原则下，结合已有的基础硬化场地进行设计提升改造，放缓场地坡度，重新构建现状生境，提供一个完全融于森林但又对人类活动极具包容性的环境。

沿着上山路径进入森林公园有一处空间较为开阔的林间台地，结合游览的路径长度，适合布置休憩平台驿站。现状4米高差间有一条0.9米宽的游览小径，实际使用率极低并且缺乏可停留的休憩空间。

The entrance area suffers from disorganized circulation and mixed pedestrian-vehicle traffic, posing significant safety hazards. The current site is dominated by extensive underutilized parking spaces, lacking dedicated gathering areas and activity spaces for pedestrians. An abandoned pump house adjacent to the main urban road occupies valuable space and blocks the sightlines into the entrance. The ascending path features an extremely steep slope, where the artificial rockery appears disorderly and fragmented with portions already deteriorated and fallen off.

Due to the presence of the abandoned pump house, the area projected a very poor image. After extensive deliberations, communication, and coordination, it was finally decided—based on the design proposal—to demolish the abandoned pump house. Following the demolition, a distinct elevation difference between the interior and exterior areas became apparent. The existing parking spaces had significantly negatively impacted the entrance’s image and caused ecological damage. Through on-site investigation, it was discovered that nearby parking facilities could be utilized. After balancing parking demands, the decision was made to remove some parking spaces and reduce the hardscape coverage. This approach not only preserved the entrance’s visual appeal but also allowed most visitors’ post-parking traffic flow to integrate with the adjacent commercial district.

The ascending path in the entrance area features an extremely steep slope, posing certain safety hazards. As one proceeds further into the area, the forest becomes denser, while the existing artificial rockery retaining walls appear disorderly, fragmented, and aged, creating a visual disconnection from the surrounding woodland landscape. In accordance with the principle of avoiding ecological disruption, the design proposes enhancements based on the existing hardened surfaces. This includes mitigating the slope gradient, reconstructing the current habitat, and creating an environment that is fully integrated into the forest yet highly accommodating to human activities.

Along the ascending path into the forest park lies a relatively open wooded terrace, which—given the length of the tour route—is suitable for installing a rest platform. Currently, a narrow 0.9-meter-wide trail spans a 4-meter elevation difference, resulting in very low practical usage and a lack of dedicated resting spaces for visitors.

▽项目改造前现状 01入口区动线混乱、人车混行 02现状废弃水泵房 03山间缺乏可停留的休憩空间

▽改造后实景 01改造后-动线清晰，立面高差用本土石材砌筑挡墙代替塑山假石 02拆除废弃水泵房，改造活力草坪 03山间增设林间驿站

小溪塔森林公园设计是一次将生态优先原则贯彻始终的设计实践。面对一片具有敏感生态本底的森林，设计拒绝任何形式的平衡与妥协，确立了生态完整性为所有决策的最高准则。项目并非单一的景观美化，而是提供了一个在高生态价值区域进行开发的系统性解决方案。在百分百尊重原场地生态的同时，退还已经破坏的山地给森林，让新建的场地、构筑、小品轻盈地隐匿于林间，也让公共生活成为森林的一部分。

我们的策略源于“轻触大地”的哲学，基于生态优先的原则，将设计视为一种谨慎的参与过程，旨在让人文活动和谐地嵌入自然进程。

Xiaoxita Forest Park’s design represents a design practice that consistently upholds the principle of ecological priority. Confronted with a forest possessing a sensitive ecological foundation, the design rejects any form of trade-off or compromise, establishing ecological integrity as the supreme criterion for all decision-making. The project is not merely a landscape beautification effort, but rather provides a systematic solution for development within a high ecological value area. While fully respecting the original site’s ecology, the design restores the previously damaged mountainous land to the forest, allowing newly built spaces, structures, and features to be lightly concealed within the woodland—thus integrating public life as part of the forest itself.

Our strategy stems from the philosophy of “Lightly Treading the Land.” Guided by the principle of ecological priority, we regard design as a cautious process of engagement, aiming to seamlessly integrate human activities into natural processes.

▽小溪塔森林公园丰富了居民的生活日常

01第一性原则：基于100%保留的生成设计

Retention–Based Generative Design

项目立下了100%保留原生乔木的刚性承诺。所有设计决策都“衍生”于此：路径系统如同“追随”地形与林木的足迹，其蜿蜒形态是对最小化土方开挖与根系避让的精准回应，活动空间的位置由林间空隙决定；同时，其采用的透水铺装（碎石、嵌草石板）将路径本身转化为促进雨水下渗的“海绵体”。这种“基于保留的生成设计”确保了森林地表生态过程的完整性。

The project made a rigid commitment to preserve 100% of the native trees. All design decisions were derived from this principle: the path system traces the footprints of the terrain and forest, with its winding form serving as a precise response to minimizing earth excavation and avoiding root zones. Activity spaces are positioned within natural forest clearings, while permeable paving materials—such as crushed gravel and grass-inlaid stone slabs—transform the paths into “sponges” that facilitate rainwater infiltration. This approach of retention-based generative design ensures the integrity of the forest floor’s ecological processes.

▽保留现状大树，路径系统“追随”地形与林木的足迹

02从灰色到绿色：以最小介入实现生态基础设施的置换、消隐与共生

From Gray to Green–Active Replacement of Ecological Infrastructure

生态优先不仅是对原有自然的保护，更是对历史遗留生态负资产的积极修正。经过与相关部门的多次积极沟通，最终拆除了场地内一处废弃的水泵加压房以及边上部分停车场，这并非简单的清除，而是一种典范性的空间返还。通过土壤改良与生态修复，将这块硬质的“灰色疤痕”恢复为一片可渗透、可呼吸的生态草坪。这一举措从根本上改变了场地的属性，为森林公园入口打开了绿色的视窗，也为后续的所有自然体验奠定了生态基底。

为实现“零侵占”，新增林间驿站平台构筑物采用点状支柱架空设计，使其如“悬浮”于林间，确保对乔木根系零压占与地表零硬化，完美维持了土壤生态功能与生物廊道连通。其仿生形态抽象自鸟类收翼栖息姿态，以尖锐屋顶与纤细支柱实现视觉消隐，构筑物轻巧的栖息于山谷之间，俯瞰整个自然峡谷。

白色立柱顶端的装置并非传统路灯，而是将照明功能转化为不突兀的“鸟屋”生态装置。它们已被观测有鸟类栖息，成功将人类基础设施转化为促进生物多样性的“生命景观”，实现了生态效益与人文功能的融合。

Ecological priority entails not only the preservation of existing nature but also the active remediation of historically inherited ecological liabilities. Through multiple proactive communications with relevant authorities, the project ultimately led to the demolition of an abandoned water pump house and adjacent parking areas on site. This was not merely clearance, but rather a paradigmatic act of spatial restitution. Through soil improvement and ecological restoration, this hardened “gray scar” was transformed into a permeable, breathable ecological lawn. This intervention fundamentally altered the site’s character, opening a green visual corridor for the forest park’s entrance and establishing an ecological foundation for all subsequent natural experiences.

To achieve “zero encroachment,” the newly added forest rest platforms utilize a point-supported elevated design, enabling them to “float” above the forest floor. This ensures zero compaction of tree root systems and zero surface hardening, fully preserving soil ecological functions and maintaining connectivity for wildlife movement. Its biomimetic form draws inspiration from the posture of a bird folding its wings to rest—achieving visual disappearance through sharp roof angles and slender supports. The structure delicately perches within the valley, overlooking the entire natural canyon.

The devices atop the white columns are not conventional streetlights, but rather ecological installations that transform lighting functions into unobtrusive “birdhouse” structures. These have already been observed to host nesting birds, successfully converting human infrastructure into “living landscapes” that actively foster biodiversity, achieving a harmonious integration of ecological benefits and human-centered functions.

▽拆除废弃的水泵加压房改造活力草坪空间

▽拆除现状塑石假山，利用本土石材改造后的挡墙

▽点状支柱架空设计的“鸟屋”浮台驿站

▽融于森林公园的“鸟屋”生态装置

03尊重在地原则：乡土材料的生态表达

Respect for Locality–Ecological Expression of Vernacular Materials

设计采用本土碎石料砌筑矮墙与护坡，其工艺深植于地域特征。本土石材砌筑的墙体，与地面透水砾石铺装，共同营造出质朴而舒适的空间基底，小心翼翼的蜿蜒于原生森林之下。

The design employs locally sourced crushed stone to construct low walls and slope protection, with craftsmanship deeply rooted in regional characteristics. The walls built with indigenous stone, combined with permeable gravel pavement, collectively create an unassuming yet comfortable spatial foundation that winds gently beneath the pristine forest canopy.

▽本土材料在森林中组织出了独特的秩序感和肌理感

小溪塔森林公园改造的启动区，是从城市主干道入口区域至森林公园内的至喜楼区域。体验空间为江边沿街带、穿林而过的入口集散区、进入山林的步道小径、半山腰的浮台停留驿站、花海休闲活动区、至喜楼周边区域。

黄柏河江边，与核心城区一江之隔的城内，森林公园以开放明媚的姿态迎接着来自久居樊笼的城市客人。

原生的林在拆除废弃的建筑之后，展现出迷人的姿态和独特的美感，我们做的只是将设计隐匿于土地，让森林成为主角。

原本怪石堆砌凌乱而又匠气的空间，在经过依山就势顺树的梳理后，成为了“山门”空间。原生片石垒成的墙体夹道而成，穿过之后便是入山的道路。墙后便是山丘。

入山之后，山间有一平台，悬挑于半山腰之中，形如安栖的小鸟，笨拙又可爱的栖息于峡谷的悬崖之上。

The pilot zone for the transformation of Xiaoxita Forest Park spans from the entrance area along the main urban road to the Zhixi Tower area within the forest park. The experiential spaces include: the riverside street-front zone, the entrance gathering area that leads through the woods, the trail paths entering the forested hills, the floating platform station on the mountainside, the floral leisure activity area, and the surroundings of Zhixi Tower.

Nestled along the Huangbai River, directly facing the core urban area across the water, the forest park welcomes city dwellers—long confined by urban life—with its open and radiant embrace.

The native forest, after the demolition of abandoned structures, reveals its enchanting form and distinctive beauty. Our role was simply to let the design recede into the landscape, allowing the forest to take the spotlight.

The space, once cluttered with artificially arranged rocks, has been transformed into a “Mountain Gate” area through a design that conforms to the mountain’s contours and preserves the existing trees. Dry-stone walls, built with locally quarried slabs, form a narrow passage. Beyond it lies the mountain trail, with the hills rising directly behind the walls.

Upon entering the mountains, a platform emerges midway up the slope, cantilevering over the mountainside like a resting bird—clumsy yet endearing—perched on the cliff of the canyon.

04生态与社会绩效

Eco-Social Performance

我们希望森林公园的生物多样性通过本次设计能够得到提升改善，积极构建一个系统性的生命景观。通过保留灌丛、石堆和倒木形成的近自然栖息地，为鸟类、昆虫及小型动物提供了完整的生存链条，将景观提升为一个能够自我维持的生机系统。实现了100%原生乔木保留，乡土植物覆盖率超过95%。

据夷陵区公园管理处2025年上半年统计数据，森林公园日均容纳超2000人次活动。设计通过高差处理形成的多层级平台，成功支持了儿童奔跑、骑行、山地跑步、静坐等多样化场景，成为促进社区健康与凝聚力的社会容器，全龄友好的社区活力核心。

生态教育场域：项目本身成为一个开放的生态教室，通过设计引导公众观察自然，向公众直观展示了生态优先原则下人与自然和谐共生的可能，有效提升了社区的环境素养。所有引导标识均摒弃突兀的独立基座，转而嵌入由本土石材砌筑的墙体或栖息于绿植之中，使其成为从场地自然“生长”而出的一部分。材料选择上，采用天然石材、原木与金属，其质感与色彩随时间推移与森林环境愈发和谐。功能上，系统超越了基础的导引，深度融合了物种科普与生态理念传播，将游客的每一次阅读转化为生动的环境教育。这种“隐匿化、本土化、教育化”的标识设计策略，确保了生态体验的连续性与完整性，是生态优先原则在微观细节上的精准表达。

We aim to enhance the biodiversity of the Forest Park through this design, actively creating a systemic living landscape. By preserving near-natural habitats formed by shrubs, rock piles, and fallen logs, we provide a complete survival chain for birds, insects, and small animals, elevating the landscape into a self-sustaining vibrant ecosystem. The project has achieved 100% retention of native trees, with native plant coverage exceeding 95%.

According to statistics from the Yiling District Park Management Office for the first half of 2025, the forest park accommodates over 2,000 daily visits. Through multi-level terraces created by elevation differentials, the design successfully supports diverse activities such as children playing, cycling, mountain trail running, and quiet contemplation. It has become a social container that fosters community health and cohesion, serving as an all-ages-friendly core of neighborhood vitality.

Ecological Education Field: The project itself serves as an open-air classroom, using design to guide public interaction with nature while tangibly demonstrating the possibility of human-nature coexistence under ecological prioritization—effectively enhancing community environmental awareness. All guidance signage avoids obtrusive independent bases, instead being embedded into walls built with local stone or nestled within greenery, allowing them to emerge organically as part of the site. Material choices—natural stone, untreated timber, and metal—are designed to blend increasingly into the forest setting over time, their textures and colors harmonizing with the ecosystem. Functionally, the system goes beyond basic wayfinding, deeply integrating species education and ecological communication, transforming each visitor’s reading moment into a vivid environmental lesson. This strategy of “unobtrusive, localized, and educational” signage ensures continuity and integrity in ecological experience, representing a meticulous embodiment of the ecological priority principle at the micro level.

▽在森林公园骑行、散步成为周边居民的日常

▽项目本身成为一个开放的生态教室，向公众直观展示了生态优先原则下人与自然和谐共生的可能

▽根据现状高差设置的挡墙，点缀的“森林家具”

▽公园标识系统设计

05写在最后

Title Solution

小溪塔森林公园以”生态优先”为刚性原则，提供高生态价值区域的公共空间设计。通过基于100%保留的生成设计、灰色基础设施的生态置换、最小介入的悬浮设施三大核心策略，实现了生态保护与公众体验的协同共赢。设计将废弃水泵房转化为生态草坪，以点状介入方式植入观鸟屋与观景平台，使人文活动如呼吸般轻触自然肌理。本项目的真正价值在于其可复制的设计方法论——以”守护即创造”的策略，为快速城市化进程中的生态敏感区更新提供了兼具科学性、人文性与可操作性的实践蓝本。

Xiaoxita Forest Park adheres to “ecological priority” as a rigid principle, demonstrating public space design in high ecological-value areas. Through three core strategies—retention-based generative design, ecological replacement of gray infrastructure, and minimally intrusive elevated facilities—the project achieves synergistic benefits for both ecological conservation and public experience. The design transforms an abandoned pump house into an ecological lawn, while incorporating bird-watching shelters and viewing platforms through point-based interventions, allowing human activities to touch the natural fabric as lightly as a breath. The true value of this project lies in its replicable design methodology—employing a “protection as creation” strategy to provide a practical blueprint, blending scientific rigor, humanistic sensibility, and operational feasibility, for renewing ecologically sensitive areas amid rapid urbanization.