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Felixx 景观规划公司受格罗宁根 (Groningen) 市政府的委托，与Goudappel、Stipo以及阿姆斯特丹大学 (University of Amsterdam) 合作制定了“公共空间设计指南 (Design Guide for Public Space) ”，即“新空间”。这份指南为未来的城市街道改造提供了设计框架，旨在减少车行空间，为步行、绿化、运动、娱乐和社交留出更多的功能空间。2021年12月22日，格罗宁根市议会通过了《格罗宁根市交通与公共空间重构指南》。
Commissioned by the municipality of Groningen, Felixx worked with Goudappel, Stipo and the University of Amsterdam (Marco te Brömmelstroet) on the Design Guide for Public Space – “New Space”. The guide provides a design framework for the future transformation of streets with less space for cars and more space for walking, greenery, sports, playing and social interaction. On December 22nd, 2021, the City Council approved the Guide for reorganizing mobility and public space throughout Groningen.
向“汽车逻辑”告别 Farewell to the car logic
20世纪无疑是汽车主导的年代，对速度和个体自由的追求使得城市布局遵循着一种由机动车交通主导的逻辑。在此情形下，其他一些重要功能便沦为了次要功能。随着气候变化的不断影响、公共空间社会意义的日益凸显，以及对城市环境质量与个人健康福祉之间关系的进一步审视，都无形之中加重了城市公共空间的压力。以满足新需求为目标的城市转型，不能将交通剩余空间作为发展舞台。为了回应这一愿景，“格罗宁根公共空间设计指南”与名为“Groningen Goed op Weg”的城市交通愿景一同制定，旨在与“汽车逻辑”说再见。
The 20th century was undoubtedly the century of the car. The pursuit of speed and individual freedom has led to the layout of the city that follows the logic of traffic. As a result, other vital functions became secondary. The effects of climate change together with a growing recognition of the social significance of public space and a greater awareness of the connection between the quality of the urban environment and personal health and wellbeing all increase the pressure on our public space. The transformation of cities to meet the new requirements cannot occur within the space leftover from mobility. In response, the Guide was developed together with the Mobility Vision, ‘Groningen Goed op Weg’, which bids farewell to the car logic.
▽向“汽车逻辑”告别 Farewell to the car logic
十大维度 Ten Dimensions
设计指南聚焦于对街道的关注：街道是城市中将生活与流通场景相结合的地方。当机动车交通的主导地位被削弱时，其他功能便有了更多的发挥空间。设计指南将这些功能确立为“街道的十大维度”。这十大维度融合了格罗宁根市政当局的政策目标，将街道作为实现这些目标的空间载体。
The Guide focuses on the street: the place in the city that brings living and movement together. When mobility no longer dominates, more space can be created for other functions. The guidebook identifies these functions as ‘The ten dimensions of the street’. The ten dimensions integrate policy goals of the municipality and make the streets the domain for their realization:
1. 可达性：一条属于公众的街道
2. 安全性：保障人与交通的安全
3. 感知性：街道不仅仅是一条路线
4. 健康性：以街道促进流通运动
5. 社交性：街道是公共领域
6. 流动性：提供定制的无障碍环境
7. 生态性：街道是一个生态系统
8. 气候性：街道是一种城市景观
9. 经济性：具有创造价值的能力
10. 可识别性：具有独特的特征
1. Accessibility: the street is for everybody
2. Safety: the street is safe for people and traffic
3. Perception: the street is more than a route
4. Health: the street stimulates movement
5. Social: the street is a public domain
6. Mobility: the street provides customized accessibility
7. Ecology: the street is an ecosystem
8. Climate: the street is an urban landscape
9. Economy: the street creates value
10. Identity: the street has a unique character
▽十大维度 From 1 to 10 demensions
“这十大维度为未来街道的再设计提供了框架，使街道成为了功能多样的丰富生态系统。根据居民所处的位置和其偏好，十大维度既独立考虑又相互结合，以共同实现其中目标。因此，每一条街道都是格罗宁根独特的存在。”——Michiel Van Driessche
“The ten dimensions provide the framework for the redesign of streets as rich ecosystems with diverse functions. Depending on the location and preferences of the residents, the ten dimensions are considered individually and realized in combination. Each street thus becomes a unique piece of Groningen.” – Michiel Van Driessche
设计指南 The Guide
“指南”通过设计引导公共空间成为公众的“共享空间”，而非简单的功能连接。这十大维度为决策者、设计师和公众提供了一种操作方法：
– 在街道层面，“十大维度”被转换为建筑围护体系及设计原则；
– 在邻里层面，“十大维度”相互结合形成城市肌理更新的框架；
– 在格罗宁根城市整体规模层面，新的机遇将会随着 “十大维度”作为大型城市景观基础之时显露出来。
The Guide is a tool for designing public space together as ‘a shared space’ for people rather than functional connections. The ten dimensions offer policy makers, designers and residents an operational method:
-At street level, the dimensions are translated into building envelopes and design principles
-At the neighborhood level, the dimensions are combined to form frameworks for renewed urban fabric.
-At the scale of Groningen as a whole, the opportunities are shown when the dimensions serve as a basis for large urban landscapes.
▽Bedumerweg街道现状剖透视 Current
▽Bedumerweg街道设计后 Later
▽Zonnelaan街道现状剖透视 Current
▽Zonnelaan街道设计后 Later
从此刻开始，街道的设计（或更新设计）将不仅仅取决于其在交通体系中的重要性，更将取决于十大维度的实现程度。为了实现这一目标，过程中各参与方均需平等，如文化历史学家和生态学家、企业家和居民、社会学家和设计师、交通专家和健康专家等。这十大维度所构成的框架可以用来引入并权衡各方利益，确定潜在的冲突和问题，并发现未知的协同效应。
From now on, the (re)design of a street will be judged on the extent to which the ten dimensions are realized, not just on their significance within the mobility system. In order to achieve this, during the process all parties at the table must be equals: cultural historians and ecologists, entrepreneurs and residents, sociologists and designers, mobility experts and health experts. The ten dimensions form the framework for bringing in and weighing their interests, identifying possible conflicts and problems and discovering unknown synergies.
▽Dukdalf空间现状剖透视 Current
▽Dukdalf空间设计后 Later
格罗宁根再次这样做 Groningen does it again
“新空间”公共空间设计指南源于一份联合协议“健康、绿色、幸福格罗宁根”，其中的重点之一就是改造公共空间。同时它也源于“明日城市 (The Next City) ”的环境发展愿景，这一愿景的中心主旨是提升格罗宁根的城市生活质量。在20世纪70年代，格罗宁根市政当局已通过其著名的交通循环计划叫停了汽车主导的区域设计。这项计划带来的积极影响使格罗宁根市中心成为无车区，而随着“新空间”公共空间设计指南的颁布，该市正朝着前瞻性的公共空间设计迈出下一步。
The Design Guide for Public Space – “New Space” stems from the coalition agreement Healthy, Green, Happy Groningen, in which reclaiming public space is one of the pillars, and from the environmental vision The Next City. In this vision, increasing the quality of life in Groningen is the central theme. In the 1970s, Groningen already put a stop to the car with its famous traffic circulation plan. The positive impact of this plan helped make Groningen’s city center a car-free zone. With the adoption of the Guide, the municipality is taking the next step towards a future-proof public space.
▽Stavangerweg街道现状剖透视 Current
▽Stavangerweg街道设计后 Later
“具有革命意义的格罗宁根公共空间设计指南于圣诞节前夕通过，未来的格罗宁根市民依然可以通过街道从一个地方到另一个地方，但街道已被赋予了其他九种正式功能，亦或者是：回馈。机动交通不再占据主导，将再次回归到城市公共空间设计的那10%。”——Thalia Verkade, NRC, 2022.1.6
“In the city of Groningen, the Design Guide for Public Space was adopted just before Christmas. And it is revolutionary. In the future, in Groningen one can still move from one place to another via the street. But the street has been given nine other formal functions, or perhaps it is: given back. “Mobility is no longer normative”, it is said. Traffic is again ten percent of the story.” – Thalia Verkade, NRC, January 6th, 2022.
▽未来社区布局 Neighborhood Alternative Organisation
▽未来社区概念 Neighborhood Concept
▽未来社区框架 Neighborhood Framework
年份：2020 – 2021
地点：格罗宁根
项目类型：研究+总体规划+基础设施+景观+公共空间
客户：格罗宁根市政府
面积：19800 公顷
团队及合作伙伴：Michiel Van Driessche, John de Groot, Elan Redekop van der Meulen, Cherk Ga Leung, Shuangyun Chen
Year: 2020 – 2021
Location: Groningen
Type: Research, Masterplan, Infrastructure, Landscape, Public Space
Client: Groningen municipality
Size: 19800 ha
Team & Partners: Michiel Van Driessche, John de Groot, Elan Redekop van der Meulen, Cherk Ga Leung, Shuangyun Chen
“这是一个对未来城市街道改造提出的新概念设计，倡导非汽车主导的交通环境，营造多功能维度的街道空间并鼓励低碳出行，增加步行、绿化、运动、娱乐等空间。”
审稿编辑：Hongyu
更多 Read more about：Felixx Landscape Architects & Planners
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