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Basis architectural bureau：Zaraysk市中心的改造项目已经完成，它为这个小城市和历史街区创造了舒适的城市环境，因此赢得了2018年全俄罗斯最佳项目竞赛。俄罗斯的独立城市景观博主伊利亚·瓦拉莫夫(Ilya Varlamov)评价这个项目是2019年俄罗斯十大最佳公共空间。
Basis architectural bureau：The project for the renovation of the historical city centre of Zaraysk has been completed. It won the 2018 All-Russia competition of the best projects in developing a comfortable urban environment in small cities and historical settlements. In 2019, the Zaraysk city centre renovation project by Basis architectural bureau was included in the list of “10 best public spaces in Russia 2019”, according to independent Russian urban blogger Ilya Varlamov.
设计师认为，该项目不仅要为当地市民和游客创造一个舒适的环境，而且要强调城市的历史意义，展示它的独特性。Zaraysk是一个古老的小城市，这里仍然保留着旧时代的舒适和温暖。这座城市因地方官波扎尔斯基（Pozharsky）、商人巴赫鲁辛（Bakhrushins）、亚尔采夫斯（Yartsevs）和肖洛霍夫（Sholokhovs）而出名，著名作家费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基（Feodor Dostoevsky）就出生在这里。在过去几年里，这里的文化和商业遗产被逐渐淡忘，但城市却没有很大的改变，这就是它的魅力所在。19世纪时，这里主要经营小型木材生意，水塔和教堂钟楼仍然是城市地标，市场区域还是200年前的样子，Krasnoarmeyskaya街道建于凯瑟琳二世统治时期，依旧是原来的样子。该项目将这个小城的历史中心整合成了一个大型的步行区和旅游区，并在历史古迹周围设置新的景观节点。
It was important for the architects of the bureau not only to create a comfortable environment for locals and tourists but also to emphasize the historical significance of the city, to show its uniqueness. Zaraysk is a small ancient city that still retains the comfort and warmth of bygone eras. The city is associated with the names of the governor Pozharsky, the merchants Bakhrushins, Yartsevs, and Sholokhovs; Feodor Dostoevsky was born here. Despite the fact that over the past years the cultural and merchant heritage has noticeably deteriorated, Zaraysk is not very different from the city that Dostoevsky experienced – and this is its charm. It is dominated by small wooden merchant estates of the XIX century. The water tower and the church bell tower are still the dominant landmarks. The market area is still in the same place as 200 years ago, and Krasnoarmeyskaya Street was built during Catherine II reign. According to the project, the historical centre is combined into a large pedestrian and tourist area with new points of attraction around historical monuments.
设计公司负责人伊万·奥哈普金（Ivan Okhapkin）说:“很明显，为了保留俄罗斯小镇的氛围，我们不能采用任何现成的解决方案，即使是那些在其他地方“管用”的方案，比如标准化的路灯、铺路石和长椅，因此，我们决定采用Zaraysk当地的图案、材料、植物和颜色，比如会随着时间优雅地老化的木材，而不是明亮的现代的材料；还设计了木材和铜制成的路灯；人行道铺设的是历史悠久的鹅卵石。我们相信这就是新的城市身份形成的方式。”
砖砌水塔能让人联想起唐璜塔，是这个城市的主要景点之一。为了强调这个优势，塔周围铺设了白色大理石碎片，和砖的色调形成了对比，还有红白相间的小路在路灯的光线下从马路汇聚到塔楼。考古学家在施工过程中发现的具有历史意义的鹅卵石被铺设在街道进入广场的路面上。环绕小公园的公路上铺着红色的沥青。
Ivan Okhapkin, head of Basis architectural bureau: “It’s clear that in order to preserve the atmosphere of the Russian county town, one can’t apply any ready-made solutions, even those that “worked” elsewhere – standard street lanterns, paving, benches. The concept developed by Basis is built around shapes, materials, plants and colours typical for Zaraysk. We tried to find materials that would age gracefully: we chose wood instead of something bright and modern; we designed authentic wood and copper lamps; we also used historical cobblestone in the pavement. We believe that’s how a new urban identity is formed.”
The brick water tower, reminiscent of the donjon tower is one of the main attractions of the city. To emphasize this dominance, a contrasting coating of white marble chips and slabs in the tone of bricks was created around it. Red and white paved paths converge in rays from the roadway to the tower. Historic cobblestone found by archaeologists during the construction works is integrated into the paving where the street enters the square. Red asphalt is laid on the highway circling the small park.
木制灯具和随机排列的橙色和红色椅子给这个地方营造了亲密和宁静的气氛。
The intimate and serene atmosphere of this place is reflected in authentic wooden lamps and randomly arranged orange and red chairs.
操场配备了木制的游乐设施，还有用于玩耍的白色大理石沙坑。春天，整个广场都笼罩在盛开白花的灌木的薄雾中，从道路上看，就像隐藏了起来。
The playground is equipped with wooden objects for playing with white marble sand. In spring the entire square is shrouded in the haze of blooming white shadbush hiding it from the roadway.
▼座椅细节 Bench detail
另一个重要节点是中央商店附近的一个有秋千的广场，上面铺着小鹅卵石，与明亮的橡胶涂层不同，这里使用的天然材料看起来更有机，也适合与水进行游戏。悬挂在秋千上的背光顶棚、带有障碍场地的单杠和茶馆的门廊是新设计规范的一部分，在城市的多个地区重复使用。
Another anchor point is a playground with swings near the central store lined with small pebbles. Unlike a bright rubber coating, natural materials look more organic here and are suitable for games with water. A backlit canopy hanging over a swing, a horizontal bar with an obstacle course and a porch of a tea house is part of the new design code and is repeated in several areas of the city.
靠近18世纪的购物商场和Trinity教堂的广场是新步行街上的另一个重要地点。花岗岩的铺装与道路位于同一水平面，可以用于大型活动。修复后的第二次世界大战英雄纪念碑和永恒的烈火在视觉上通过铺装得已强调。这个地方的历史被保存了下来，花岗岩瓷砖的纹理暗示了曾经矗立在那里的一个小教堂。类似的方法也被应用监狱旧址。纪念牌被镶嵌在铺装里。
The square near the shopping arcades of the 18th century and the Trinity Church is another important point on the new pedestrian route. Lined with granite and located on the same level with the roadway, it is easily transformed into a venue for mass events. The restored memorial to the heroes of the Second World War with the Eternal Flame is visually highlighted by paving. The history of the place is preserved with textured tiles of chipped granite which outline a chapel that once stood there. A similar approach is applied in another part of the city – where the gaols used to be. Memorial plates are integrated into the paving with information collected by the director of the Zaraysk’s Kremlin.
展览和走廊空间沿着商场分布。绿化以大灌木茶条槭为主，既提供舒适的树荫，又不会不遮掩历史建筑的立面和河谷的景色。
Exhibition and corridor spaces are organized along the shopping arcades. In order not to obscure the historical facades and the view of the river valley, large shrubs of Ginnal maple giving a cosy shade will be planted here instead of big trees.
在这样一个真实的、有质感的项目中，景观总是扮演着重要的角色。设计师试图保护长寿的树木，即使它们挡在了小路中央， 所以可以看到非线性种植的大树生长在特别设计的几何草坪上(顺便可以放长凳)。设计师还种植了原本已经消失的物种，广场上的一条小路种满了菩提和花楸丛。这个城市得已有了花坛、供学童使用的自行车停车场和供家长接送孩子上学的停车场。
In such an authentic, “tactile” project, landscaping always plays an important role. The architects tried to preserve long-lived trees, even where they suddenly found themselves on the paved paths. Big trees planted non-linearly were “caught” in specially designed geometric lawns (creating a place for benches). The architects also restored lost species – a linden alley in the square, rowan bushes. The city now has flower beds, bicycle parking for schoolchildren and parking for parents bringing children to school.
照明分析表明，想要照亮人行道和马路，不是必须得要6米高的路灯的，可以使用棋盘状排列的双面灯。Сompact木制路灯是专为这个项目设计的，木材会染上时光的痕迹，增加小镇的特色。
Lighting calculations showed that it was possible to illuminate the pedestrian part and the road together not only with 6-meter lights exceeding the size of wooden houses but also with double-sided lamps arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Сompact wooden lanterns have been specially designed for Zaraysk that will gracefully age and only add to the town’s identity.
一如既往，公共设计的大部分预算都会被用于水电、天然气、污水处理系统等重要工程。整个项目都遵循无障碍设计的原则，满足行动不便的人的需求。
As always in the case of public design, most of the budget is invested in important works on waterworks, gas infrastructure development, power supply, wastewater disposal systems. The entire centre is designed according to the principle of a barrier-free environment suitable for people with limited mobility.
项目名称：Zaraysk历史中心更新
地址：俄罗斯
面积：3.5公顷
时间：2019年
景观设计：Basis architectural bureau
设计团队：Охапкин Иван, Анна Анисимова, Анна Гераймович, Никита Пермяков, Захар Смирнов
建筑设计：Mikhail Khaikin
施工：Vagan Asatryan
项目顾问：Elizaveta Ebner
编辑：寿江燕
Project name: Renovation of the historical centre of Zaraysk
Location: Zaraysk, Russia
Area: 3.5 ha
Year: 2019
Landscape: Basis architectural bureau
Team: Охапкин Иван, Анна Анисимова, Анна Гераймович, Никита Пермяков, Захар Смирнов
Architects: Mikhail Khaikin
Construction: Vagan Asatryan
Project Consulting: Elizaveta Ebner
Editor: Jiangyan Shou
更多 Read more about: Basis architectural bureau
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