岩石上的钢筋之舞——恩施崖洞咖啡馆 / 孔祥伟工作室

本文由孔祥伟工作室授权mooool发表，欢迎转发，禁止以mooool编辑版本转载。
Thanks Kong Xiangwei Studio for authorizing the publication of the project on mooool, Text description provided by Kong Xiangwei Studio.

孔祥伟工作室：湖北恩施建始县的花坪镇是著名的避暑胜地，平均海拔1200米，夏季平均温度23-25℃。花坪云溪文旅综合体坐落于此。该项目以康养避暑为定位，业态涵盖度假酒店、民宿及商业街。商业街依靠山地而建，局部需开凿山体，形成部分悬崖。商业街建筑群离悬崖有一定的距离，建筑后部为架空层，在建筑和崖体之间形成带状灰空间，此前处于闲置状态。这些闲置空间拟建设为兼具艺术感的商业空间，功能包括咖啡馆、酒吧，兼作土家族非遗织锦“西兰卡普”的小型展示画廊。

Kong Xiangwei Studio：Huaping Town, Jianshi County, Enshi, Hubei, is a famous summer resort with an average altitude of 1,200m and summer temperature of 23-25℃. The Huaping Yunxi Cultural and Tourism Complex here, positioned for health and summer getaways, includes resort hotels, homestays and a mountain-built commercial street. Some cliffs formed by mountain excavation lie behind the street’s buildings; the strip-shaped gray space between buildings and cliffs, once idle, is planned to be an artistic commercial area with a café, bar and small gallery for Tujia intangible cultural heritage brocade “Xilankapu”.

▽项目视频

▽依崖而建的崖洞咖啡馆平台 ©直译建筑摄影

▽依山地而建的崖洞咖啡馆 ©直译建筑摄影

▽崖洞咖啡馆夜景鸟瞰 ©直译建筑摄影

▽崖洞咖啡馆夜景俯拍 ©直译建筑摄影

鉴于现场地形及空间肌理复杂，项目要求采用在地设计与营造模式。工作室延续既有乡建营造经验，通过与当地工匠深度协作，以在地化创作响应空间需求。项目继续沿用工作室成熟的钢筋编织与焊接工艺，旨在以低介入度设计凸显崖体岩石本底之美，同时控制建造成本。视觉层面，纤细钢筋经多元组合形成整体形态，呈现出 “岩石之上钢筋之舞” 的空间意象。

Given complex on-site terrain and spatial texture, the project adopts on-site design. The studio, with rural construction experience, collaborates with local craftsmen and uses mature reinforced steel weaving/welding techniques. It aims to highlight the cliff rocks’ beauty with low-intervention design, control costs, and create the spatial image of “reinforced steel dancing on rocks” via slender steel combinations.

▽岩石之上的钢筋之舞 ©直译建筑摄影

▽钢筋作骨，半透明阳光穹顶 ©直译建筑摄影

▽从卡座平台望向穹顶 ©直译建筑摄影

坚硬与柔美结合的悬崖平台

在商业街的中心位置，预留了一个天然的通道。通道连接了商业步行街与商业街后方的交通，既作为上下交通空间，也作为咖啡馆的户外空间。中心通道由系列平台组成，半数以上岩石保留了原始状态：这些石灰岩是恩施富有特色的沉积岩，其表面肌理犹如千层饼，层层累积并沿横向展开。经过局部雕凿，通道形成了四层不同标高的平台。曲线钢筋为材料的台阶衔接高差上的通达，通过打孔的方式锚固在岩石上。台阶立面钢筋的肌理和岩石的千层饼结构一致，连续的平台栏杆突出横向的线条的连续性，与岩石形成语言上的呼应。

Cliff Platform: Rigidity Meets Softness

A natural passage in the commercial street’s center connects the pedestrian street and rear traffic, serving as both transportation and the café’s outdoor space. Composed of platforms, over half the limestone (Enshi’s characteristic sedimentary rock with layer-cake texture) remains original. After partial carving, four platforms of different heights take shape. Curved steel steps, anchored to rocks by drilling, connect heights; their texture matches the rock’s layer-cake structure, and continuous platform handrails emphasize horizontal continuity, echoing the rocks.

▽钢筋平台沿地形展开 ©直译建筑摄影

▽崖洞咖啡馆整体鸟瞰 ©直译建筑摄影

▽曲线钢筋为材料的台阶衔接高差 ©直译建筑摄影

▽沉积岩经局部雕凿，形成不同高差平台 ©直译建筑摄影

为了上部道路的稳定性，通道的左上方砌筑了石墙，步道也自然从人工石墙上生长出来，钢筋线条的光影投射在岩石上形成韵律感，坚硬粗犷的岩石与细腻柔和的钢筋形成对比。

A stone wall built on the passage’s upper left ensures road stability; the footpath extends from it, and steel shadows on rocks create rhythm, contrasting hard rocks with soft steel.

▽夜晚的灯光照亮崖洞咖啡馆 ©直译建筑摄影

▽夜晚，被灯光照亮的平台与崖壁 ©直译建筑摄影

▽游客游走在不同高差的崖壁间 ©直译建筑摄影

▽夜晚，被灯光照亮的平台与崖壁 ©直译建筑摄影

▽夜晚，被灯光照亮的台阶细节 ©直译建筑摄影

网桥与旋转楼梯

商业街步行道与悬崖底部的石台之间，一道天然空隙被巧加利用。此处凿池引瀑，飞瀑倾泻而下，其顶端顺势架起一座廊桥。这座廊桥以钢筋编织成通透网构，日光穿网而过，在金属桥面上投下斑驳交错的光影，如碎金流动，如梦似幻。从谷底仰望，透过朦胧的水幕望向网桥，飞流与网影相映，更成一幅灵动的动态画卷。

The Bridge and Spiral Staircase

A natural gap between the pedestrian walkway of the commercial street and the stone platform at the bottom of the cliff has been cleverly utilized. A pool has been dug here to channel the waterfall, and a covered bridge has been built at the top of the cascading waterfall. This covered bridge is constructed with a transparent network structure made of woven reinforced steel. When sunlight passes through the network, it casts dappled and intertwined light and shadow on the metal bridge deck, like flowing pieces of gold, creating a dreamlike scene. Looking up from the bottom of the valley, through the hazy water curtain at the covered bridge, the flowing waterfall and the network – like shadows complement each other, forming a vivid and dynamic picture.

▽飞瀑倾泻而下，其顶端顺势架起一座廊桥 ©直译建筑摄影

▽廊桥轻盈跨过水面，水流与与网影相映 ©直译建筑摄影

▽日光穿网而过，在金属桥面上投下斑驳交错的光影 ©直译建筑摄影

▽钢筋网结构形成秩序的美感 ©直译建筑摄影

▽夜晚灯光下，钢筋编织的光影在流动中相互渗透叠合 ©直译建筑摄影

为呼应整体设计语言，商业街一、二层平台以钢筋旋梯相连，螺旋而上的线条不仅串联起网桥，更与崖洞咖啡馆的室内入口无缝衔接，让几处交通空间在流动中相互渗透、叠合，形成步步皆景的过渡序列。

In line with the overall design language, a reinforced steel spiral staircase connects the first – and second – floor platforms of the commercial street. The spiral – ascending lines not only connect the covered bridge but also seamlessly link to the indoor entrance of the Grotto Café. This allows several transportation spaces to permeate and overlap with each other in a flowing manner, forming a transitional sequence where every step presents a new view.

▽廊桥以钢筋编织成通透网构，日光穿网而过 ©直译建筑摄影

▽钢筋网碎金流动，如梦似幻 ©直译建筑摄影

▽钢筋旋梯相连，与室内入口无缝相连 ©直译建筑摄影

▽钢筋旋梯相连，螺旋而上的线条如艺术品 ©直译建筑摄影

轻盈与梦幻——崖洞咖啡馆

核心建筑是依托于悬崖和商业街架空层而建设的咖啡馆。该咖啡馆以悬崖山体与商业街架空层为双重依托，形成独特的 “悬浮 — 接地” 复合空间。其山体侧界面分两类处理：一类为人工雕凿的原生山体，利用天然高差及雕凿形成的石质平台作为悬崖卡座，实现自然与功能空间的直接衔接；另一类为砌筑倾斜石墙，以 “留白” 方式作为室内墙面，减少人工干预实现山体与室内的过渡。针对崖体与架空层间的露天区域，屋顶采用钢筋网架与蜂窝状阳光板组合系统，形成半透明覆盖结构。该屋顶向室内延伸，与空间尽端整合为连续穹顶，既界定建筑边界，又保证顶界面完整性和顶界面的形态统一。悬崖上布置了三个半圆的平台，作为咖啡卡座，一条转折的悬崖栈道连接了三个平台。悬崖卡座及栈道施工难度较高，受崖体断面狭窄限制，需精准控制钢筋植入深度及悬挑构件平衡精度，同时协调山体开挖与结构施工时序，体现了当地工匠的地形适应能力与精细化施工技艺。

Lightness and Dreaminess — The The Enshi Grotto Café

The core café, supported by the cliff and the street’s elevated floor, forms a unique “suspended-grounded” space. Its cliff-side interface has two treatments: one uses artificially carved original rock (with natural height difference and stone platforms as cliff seats); the other uses inclined stone walls as indoor walls to minimize intervention. The roof over the open area between the cliff and elevated floor, a combination of steel grid and honeycomb polycarbonate panels, extends indoors to form a continuous dome, defining boundaries and ensuring integrity. Three semicircular cliff platforms (coffee seats) connected by a winding boardwalk require precise steel implantation and construction sequence control, showing craftsmen’s skills.

▽利用天然高差及雕凿形成的石质平台作为悬崖卡座 ©直译建筑摄影

▽受崖体断面狭窄限制，精准控制钢筋植入及悬挑 ©直译建筑摄影

▽平台层层递进，沿崖壁渐次展开 ©直译建筑摄影

▽屋顶钢筋网架与蜂窝状阳光板组合形成半透明覆盖结构 ©直译建筑摄影

▽崖体形成“悬浮 — 接地” 复合空间 ©直译建筑摄影

▽崖洞咖啡馆施工工匠的地形适应能力与精细化施工技艺 ©直译建筑摄影

设计以 “巧借” 为核心逻辑，实现低投入空间构建：“借形” 即利用悬崖高差及雕凿山体作为卡座，省去造景与砌筑成本；“借构” 即复用架空层既有梁柱作为承重结构，减少新增投入；“借空间” 即通过屋顶覆盖崖体与架空层间灰空间，转化为封闭使用空间，提升土地利用率。结构与材料设计兼顾功能与性能。穹顶采用钢筋编织工艺，通过曲面形态分散荷载，节约材料并保证结构稳定；悬崖处三个半圆形卡座平台及连接栈道均为悬挑结构，通过植入崖体的钢筋锚固件固定，在狭窄断面内满足交通与功能需求。材料上，蜂窝状阳光板的半透明性可过滤光线，其性能适配恩施夏季凉爽的气温。

The design follows “skillful borrowing” for low-cost construction: “borrow shape” (use cliff height difference and carved rock as seats to save costs); “borrow structure” (reuse the elevated floor’s beams/columns); “borrow space” (cover the gray space to improve land use). The dome uses steel weaving to disperse load; the cliff seats and boardwalk are cantilevered, fixed by steel anchors. Honeycomb polycarbonate panels filter light and suit Enshi’s cool summers.

“寻常材料的诗意表达” 一直是工作室乡建实践的核心理念。本项目仅采用钢筋与阳光板两种材料，通过钢筋的排列、编织方式及阳光板的排布设计，传递韵律感与空间氛围。同时，项目也是一次轻建筑与轻景观的探索，以线条及轻质材料为核心建筑景观语言，诠释 “轻” 的设计意象。“轻” 既是低介入度的设计态度，亦是诗意化的美学表达。

“The poetic expression of ordinary materials” is the studio’s core rural construction concept. This project uses only steel and polycarbonate panels to convey rhythm and atmosphere. It explores lightweight architecture/landscape, interpreting “lightness” (low-intervention design and poetic aesthetics) via lines and lightweight materials.

在地设计与营造以及和村民合作

这是一个在地设计与营造的项目，所有的建造和空间都因循复杂的地形展开。施工团队由项目周边村落的土家族村民组成，师傅们具有匠人精神，参与过恩施大峡谷的悬崖栈道施工，对于在坚硬的岩石上植入钢筋以及钢筋焊接有着丰富的经验，施工期间，与工匠团队的日常沟通成为常态，其中不乏有趣的思路碰撞。

On – site Design, Construction, and Cooperation with Villagers

The project is built per complex terrain. The team consists of local Tujia villagers with craftsman spirit, who participated in Enshi Grand Canyon’s cliff boardwalk construction and have rich steel-related experience. Daily communication with them is routine, with interesting idea exchanges.

▽手绘构思草图 ©孔祥伟

项目名称：崖洞咖啡馆
项目地点：湖北恩施建始县花坪云溪文旅综合体
设计团队：孔祥伟工作室
设计师：孔祥伟、崔峻
设计公司邮箱：guanzhula@163.com
摄影：直译建筑摄影

Project Name: The Enshi Grotto Café
Project Location: Huaping Yunxi Cultural and Tourism Complex, Jianshi County, Enshi, Hubei Province
Design Team: Kong Xiangwei Studio
Designers: Kong Xiangwei, Cui Jun
Contact: guanzhula@163.com
Photography: Archi-translator Photography

“ 设计依山地而建，将这些闲置空间拟建设为兼具艺术感的商业空间。”

审稿编辑：Maggie

更多 Read more about：孔祥伟工作室