烟台山城市微更新：低干预手法恢复大尺度历史城区 / Lab D+H SH

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Lab D+H：烟台山社区的复兴是宏观尺度下的城市微更新实践。设计手法是克制的，通过探索场地内文化脉络，从历史中汲取灵感，恢复原始建筑空间，保留原生植物，悉心处理文脉与地脉的关系，使每个设计元素恰到好处的存在于整个历史空间的叙事中。

Lab D+H: The revitalization of the Yantai Mountain community is urban renewal on a micro-scale. The design approach is restrained by respect for the history of the site. Exploration of the site’s cultural lineage resulted in the restoration of the original space and the preservation of native plants.  This is an urban renewal project that respects history and celebrates the past.

历史的记忆通过景观体系下的城市更新获得新生，研究照片和历史资料，恢复历史空间的原貌，协调处理修复新建与周边环境的关系。比起推倒重来，微更新能保留烟台山特有风貌并使之延续传承，也更强调整体人居环境、公共设施改善。大量的留白为不同的功能融入形成了可能。看似毫无痕迹的设计实则经历了巨大的努力和克制。使每个新的设计元素恰到好处的存在于整个历史空间的叙事中，置身其中甚至有一种穿越感。在狭长的线性空间中出现一系列舒适的小场所，或是外摆休憩区或是公共空间，在步移景异的上山过程中人们可以很好的与他人与环境互动。通过为公众塑造新的生活空间，使他们可以更好的享受场地，并感受到场地内的文化脉络。

The design team undertook a comprehensive survey to ensure the accurate restoration of the historical spaces at the site. Instead of obliterating all traces of the past, micro-renewal can honor the history of Yantai Mountain while still improving both the natural environment and the resident’s quality of life.  In today’s world, sustainability in design and construction is essential. The design team closely followed the principles of sustainability. Sustainable restoration can create a healthy and modern community. Demolition waste was reused for use as a building material. The design combines the best features of sustainable restoration methods for the historic mansion with the designs used in the public realm for the hill’s design work.  The design helps maintain the historically significant parts of the past, yet still injects new interpretations of the present for contemporary residents.

▽烟台山乐群路鸟瞰效果图 Aerial view of Lequn Road, Yantai Mountain

▽烟台山乐群路规划总图 General plan of Yuequn Road, Yantai Mountain

文化脉络 Site History

福州烟台山，位于闽江南江滨沿线。作为首批五口通商口岸之一，它曾是福建对外经济文化交流的重要窗口。乐群路贯穿烟台山，是该片区域内最为重要的一条城市血脉。然而，在经过了一个世纪的洗礼后，老街巷的建筑破坏较严重，且已出现空间空置、设施老化、配套业态不足等问题。因此，如何重振烟台山片区活力，延续城市文脉成为亟待解决的第一要务。

Yantai Mountain is a symbol of Fuzhou history and culture as it occupies an important spot on the banks of the  Minjiang River, In the past, it was the site one of only a few treaty ports that were open to foreign trade and promoted economic and cultural exchange between China and the West. Lequn Road is Yantai’s main road and runs along the side of Yantai Mountain. Over time, the road has e been seriously damaged. The poor condition of Lequn Road inevitably led to additional problems.  Following the path of the aging road, aging infrastructure, and vacant retail spaces led to a high vacancy rate of retail businesses. Revitalizing the present-day community in Yantai Mountain and sustaining the city’s cultural heritage is essential a priority of the design plan.

▽烟台山历史照片 Historical photos of Yantai Mountain

▽烟台山浓缩了城市历史精髓，是福州版的“万国建筑博物馆”，更是凝固的中国近现代史 Yantai Mountain concentrates the essence of the city’s history. It is the “Museum of international Architecture” of Fuzhou, and also the solidification of China’s modern and contemporary history

设计挑战 Design Challenge

空间受到居住人口庞大和留存的大量历史遗迹的限制，烟台山的乐群路的设计不适合通过大规模的拆建进行更新无法通过标准的改造手法完成。公共空间的重建，便成为了场地的破题根本。经过专家研讨、照片历史资料研究，团队决定以景观微更新的干预手法恢复一个大尺度的历史城区。设计团队从研究中提炼历史价值，量身定制修葺更新方案，留住片区温度的公共空间等手段，更好的为邻里营造场所并为其注入新的活力。

Numerous historical sites and large residential communities have varying requirements for renovation methods. The reconstruction of the public space presented a  fundamental challenge for the site designers. After the design team had done a comprehensive survey of historical documents and a series of interviews with residents, a strategy was adopted. The design team decided to restore the large-scale historical district with the intervention of landscape micro-renewal. The design team carefully fused  restoration methods applied at the historic mansion yards with  adaptive reconstruction  in  the public  space., This combination of old and new elements preserves and celebrates  ‘ ‘site’s historical significance while also injects new interpretations.

▽改造前的烟台山乐群路 Le Qun Road, Yantai Mountain, before the reconstruction

▽烟台山乐群路文化资源分析 Analysis on cultural resources of Lequn Road in Yantai Mountain

▽烟台山的道路系统图纸 Road system drawing of Yantai Mountain

▽烟台山的现状植物图 The present flora of Yantai Mountain

用景观道路系统修复原始空间 The Landscape Design Of Alleyways 

烟台山道路系统由一条主道和无数条支路构成。为提供当地居民适宜公共空间及生态环境，提升历史街区的交往活力，设计师在狭长线性的支路空间内增设了一系列舒适的小场所和外摆休憩区，并通过铺装的界定形成了停留区和通行区。主道动线将人们带入一个个开放空间。大量的微型口袋花园就在巷道的死角空间应运而生，开放式的空间为在场居民提供休闲娱乐的空间。

The road network of Yantai Mountain consists of the main road and multiple bypasses. To stimulate activity and improve local conditions the designers added a series of recreation areas along the branches.  These open public spaces are defined by the paving which forms a stay area and a passage area. The locals are guided by the main road to enter the pocket parks. Many pocket parks have been created in the alleyway’s dead-end spaces. additionally, revitalized open spaces provide additional recreational space.

▽ 乐群路的转角，车行的功能被极大的保留，而行人的互动也被最大化的激活 At the corner of Lequn Road, the function of the car shop is greatly retained, and the interaction of pedestrians is also activated to the maximum

设计师通过台阶的设计消解了原场地内复杂的地势高差，巧妙地链接了高低路面。倾斜的古树被设计成了场内独特的景观地标，利用植物柔化了建筑的冰冷感，有效地协调了居民与周边环境的融合。设计团队通过道路的契合、链接了区域内的碎片，将口袋花园的景观设计连接在了一起。一动一静在沿途的标识、石刻的文字中相连，营造了社区的创生。人们在移步换景的上山过程中也可以自然地与他人、与环境产生互动，由此促进片区交往因子的活跃度，提升空间活力。通过铺装的重新界定，乐群路最大化的保留了车行的功能，而人行的烟火气也得到了极大的尊重。

The design of the stone steps dissolve the complex difference in terrain within the original site and cleverly link the upper and lower levels. The ancient leaning tree as an important and unique landscape landmark within the site. Plants soften the buildings’ coldness and provide a harmonious environment for the residents. The road network links the pocket gardens. One movement and one static are connected in the signs and stone inscriptions along the way, creating a community’s creation. With moving scenery union, people can naturally interact with others and their surroundings in the process of moving up the hill. It enhances the vitality of the space and promotes community engagement. Lequn Road serves both as a vehicular road and a pedestrian walkway.

▽传统的市民生活在乐群路回归 Traditional civic life returns to Yue Qun Road

▽乐群路的通行功能并没有被影响 The traffic function of Lequn Road has not been affected

▽下课后学生们仍然可以在街边小摊买午餐 Students can still buy lunch from street stalls after class

▽传统的烟台山生活在古老的社区中重新回归 Traditional Yantai Mountain life is returning to the old community

节点设计 Node Design

场地的拆迁中，大量的老建筑材料被保留下来。团队遵循“修旧如旧”及“可持续性”原则，石头打碎后铺平人行道。虎皮石斜垒成为挡土墙，瓦片变成了透光的花窗，麻石变成了场地的种植钵。老砖和新砖在砌墙时进行的刻意融合。在老砖稀缺时通过植物做旧来最大化形成历史街区的文脉感。通过大量的新老材料的结合将场地的现在和过去紧密联系在了一起。

The design team followed the principles of sustainability to restore the Yantai community. Thus, some waste materials from the site were reused as building materials. The masonry rubble paves the sidewalk, tiles are transformed into light-transmitting windows, and sisal stones are turned into planting bowls for the site. The local plants and materials maximize the feeling of historic heritage by linking the present with the past in the design.

▽我们仔细的调查了所有的老照片并在三维空间中逐渐复原 We carefully examined all the old photographs and gradually reconstructed them in three dimensions

▽历史的记忆和现实的场景形成了时光上的对话 Historical memories and realistic scenes form a dialogue in time

▽使用在地材料和传统的工艺复原街道墙体和铺装 Street walls and paving were restored using local materials and traditional crafts

▽新老墙体的差别变得难以察觉 The difference between old and new walls becomes imperceptible

▽时间和空间在巷道中形成了一种统一 Time and space form a unity in the roadway

▽改造后的乐群路仍然是贯通烟台山的主干道 After the transformation, Le Qun Road is still the main road through Yantai Mountain

▽旧的墙体也被我们进行了最大的修复 The old walls have also been restored to the maximum extent

▽烟台山的历史像寒武纪的岩层一样在场地中重新呈现 The history of Yantai Mountain is reenacted on the site like the Cambrian rock layers

▽原生材料再利用 Reuse of primary materials

▽通过溯源历史，恢复了街道的原本风貌，使之融入在环境之中 By tracing the history, the original style of the street was restored and integrated into the environment

▽新的踏步经过了处理和时间发生对话 The new step has been processed and the time dialog has occurred

▽石材地刻的历史地图与老石材配合形成了独特的空间 The historical map carved on the stone floor is combined with the old stone to form a unique space

▽烟台山的古地图被篆刻在石材之中 The ancient map of Yantai Mountain was carved in stone

▽废墟中的每一个信息都被最大化的利用 Every piece of information in the ruins is exploited to the fullest

在乐群路上，百年的榕树和银杏树在乐群路上比比皆是。设计师尊重传统街巷肌理，严格保护大型老树及大部分植物，保全街区历史感，实现植物和场地的共生关系。我们在缝隙空间中增加绿色。通过洒入草籽的方法使植物在麻石墙体上生长。石阶旁，花草在麻石种植钵中自由生长，砖瓦缝隙中亦有藤蔓渗透而出。另外，在修建的过程中，邀请当地工匠使用传统方法修复围墙。将原本封闭的围墙修改成半通透围墙，利用高低差，既保护了居民隐私，也让大量的植物和建筑的细节能够从墙中透出，形成独特的半围合空间。原生植物的种植营造出生机和诗意，令新的景观与烟台山和谐共生。

Ancient banyan and ginkgo trees line Lequn Road. The design ensures the protection of the ancient trees and other local plants.  A complementary and supportive relationship between the landscaping design and the overall design for the site ensures the protection of these ancient living treasures. In the public realm, the historic Nine Alleyways’ alignment was retained, and restoration of the stairs and pathways was accomplished.  When the original granite steps were intact they were reused, and gaps between them filled with custom-made replacement stones. Paving followed the same principle. Original granite pavers were collected on-site and combined in a mixed paving palette with new granite paving stones. Local retired artisans were invited to join the restoration team and to share their knowledge of traditional tools and methods. The original closed wall was modified into a semi-permeable barrier, taking advantage of the height difference to protect the privacy of the residents. It also allows many plants to penetrate through the wall, which creates a unique semi-enclosed space. us, The redevelopment of Yantai Mountain not merely preserves the site’s tangible heritage that is now enshrined in the layout and the materials. Most significantly, the intangible legacy of the site is captured by local artisans using traditional methods.

▽我们最大化的保留了场地的植物并加种了很多的新的种植，让烟台山乐群路包裹在自然之中 We preserved the plants of the site to the maximum extent and added a lot of new plants, so that Yantai Mountain Lequn Road is wrapped in nature

▽青苔从腐蚀后的麻石的缝隙中 Moss from the crevices of the corroded hemp stone

▽路边挡墙的爬藤 Climbing vine of roadside retaining wall

▽老树被保留，新的苔藓也从墙体中长出 Old trees have been preserved and new mosses have grown through the walls

▽蕨类用生命力填充了墙体和步道之中的缝隙 Ferns fill gaps between walls and walkways with life

▽树影斑驳使古老的巷道变得更加独特 The shading of trees makes the old laneway even more unique

▽就算是最为隐秘的小巷也是自然和历史对话的场所 Even the most secluded alleys are places where nature and history talk

▽所有的设计都围绕着老树自然展开 All designs revolve around the old tree naturally

▽树影也可以从墙后探入巷道之中 Tree shadows can also peep into the alley from behind the wall

▽老的树根和新的墙体形成了独特的对话 The old roots and the new wall form a unique dialogue

▽人们甚至不会察觉场地曾经的模样 People don’t even know what the ground used to look like

▽烟台山的灵魂用自然藏匿在巷道之中 The soul of Yantai Mountain hides in the roadway with nature

回应历史空间的叙事 The Renovation Of Historical Nodes

01「石厝教堂」

石厝教堂是该地区最重要的文化地标之一，却长期得被高墙遮挡，形成封闭空间环境。设计团队根据历史文献对围墙和庭院进行改造，复原了石厝教堂围栏及大门，并保留了庭院内的百年银杏，重塑院内历史风貌。为了完整呈现教堂建筑原貌，团队将教堂入口处已被掩埋的台阶的地平降低了近一米。原树池外特意扩大加砌了一圈形成了双层树池，以保护古银杏的树根，现场废弃的石板材料和砾石被重新收集用于铺设教堂内院。极简的景观设计烘托出场地内静谧安详的氛围。

The Stone Church is one of the most important but hidden cultural landmarks in the area.   High walls had created a closed and isolated space. To recreate the appearance of the courtyard’s historical appearance, the design team rebuilt the walls and courtyard, restored the Church’s fence and gate, and preserved the century-old ginkgoes in the courtyard. The designers lowered the level of the buried steps at the entrance of the Church by nearly one meter to recreate the original appearance of the church building. The berm formed a double-layered pond to protect the roots of the ancient ginkgo. The discarded slate and gravel were collected to pave the inner courtyard of the Church. The landscape design of the Church creates a serene, peaceful atmosphere.

▽石厝教堂平面图 Plan of Stone House Church

▽石厝教堂，兴建于1860年，原名圣约翰堂( St. John＇s Church)，五口通商之后由侨居福州的英国侨民集资筹建 Stone Cuo Church, built in 1860, formerly known as St. John’s Church (St. John’s Church), five members of the British diaspora living in Fuzhou after the trade fund to build

▽银杏古树成为了乐群路最大的亮点之一 Ancient ginkgo trees have become one of the biggest highlights of Lequn Road

▽通过半透的围墙，人们可以更好的观察秋季的落叶 Through the semi-permeable wall, people can better observe the fall leaves

▽每逢深秋，银杏落叶形成了乐群路独特的景致 In late autumn, ginkgo leaves form a unique scene on the Road

▽废弃的麻石板经过回收形成了场地的铺装 Discarded hemp slabs were recycled to form the paving of the site

▽废弃的柱础也昭示着场地的过往 The abandoned columns also indicate the past of the site

▽一切的岁月都和现有的设计融为一体 All the years are integrated into the existing design

▽石厝教堂定期会开放，方便市民参观 Stone House Church is open regularly for public visit

▽经过设计后，市民终于可以近距离的观看这个古老的修道院 After the design, citizens can finally see the ancient monastery up close

02「闽海关税务司」

在闽海关税务司的景观改造中，我们保留了原有即将倾倒的古树，并以其为核心形成了一个历史纪念空间，老树花园。简洁的台阶消化了场地的高差，历史的故事刻录在花岗岩座椅之上。现在的闽海关税务司成为了福州市民的秘密花园。

At the American Consulate, different design operations were used to interpret the original name of Yantai Mountain, the port of the plum blossom. Historical memories were represented with detailed plum blossom patterns on paving, water features, gate, and sitting areas. The language of central axisymmetric, geometric cutting not only responds to the architectural style but also sets the classical tone of the entire design. The classical elements link with modern aesthetics by painting classical elements and recurring patterns with minimal interventions. The design injects a new soul into the site, bringing back memories of the site and simultaneously giving visitors and residents a new feeling.

▽闽海关税务司航拍图 Aerial photo of Taxation Department of Fujian Customs

▽税务司的古树虽然快要倒塌，我们尽全力将其保留并形成了一个独特的古树花园 Although the old trees in the Revenue Department are falling down, we did our best to preserve them and create a unique old tree garden

▽复杂的高差被台阶消化 The complex height difference is absorbed by the steps

▽苔藓和台阶形成完美的图底效应 Moss and steps create a perfect bottom effect

▽历史的故事被刻在花岗岩坐凳之上 Stories of history are carved on granite benches

社会意义 Social Service

在修复和翻新烟台山旧貌过程中，将复兴痕迹隐于场地设计之中，尽可能的向场地居民与游客还原片区原始历史面貌。将历史文脉及现代视野在场地内有机融合，使烟台山再现其世纪沧桑后的芳华活力。

In the process of the renovation of Yantai Mountain, traces of the restoration work are hidden in the design of the site. We not only restored the original historical appearance of the area was restored for the residents and visitors. The design goes beyond appearances but also engages the people with the site. Yantai Mountain revives its vitality after a long century of change but thoughtfully using local resources.

▽良相的标识和新的墙体在几场雨后已然和自然融为一体 The good sign and the new wall have merged with nature after several rains

▽烟台山的设计进行了大量的留白为标识的融入成为了可能 The design of Yantai Mountain made it possible to incorporate a large amount of white space as the logo

▽将复兴痕迹隐于场地设计之中 The revival traces are hidden in the site design

▽闽海关税务司成为了烟台山的婚纱拍摄的打卡点 Fujian Customs and Taxation department became the wedding photography of Yantai Mountain punch – in point

▽如今的烟台山再现其世纪沧桑后的芳华活力 Today’s Yantai Mountain reproduces its youthful vitality after the vicissitudes of the century

项目名称：烟台山乐群路城市微更新
项目位置：福州，中国
项目面积：2.7公顷
项目业主：福州万科
景观设计：Lab D+H上海
设计团队：李中伟，林楠，张家茜，周建，徐旭辉，李秀娟，龚浩堃
标识设计：良相设计
摄影版权：鲁冰，存在建筑

Project Name: Urban Micro-renewal of Lequn Road, Yantai Mountain
Location: Fuzhou, China
Project area: 2.7 ha
Project Owner: Fuzhou Vanke
Landscape Design: Lab D+H SH
Design team: Li Zhongwei, Lin Nan, Zhang Jiaqian, Zhou Jian, Xu Xuhui, Li Xiujuan, Gong Haokun
Logo design: good phase design
Photography copyright: Lu Bing、Arch-Exist

“ 克制手法下的景观微更新干预，恢复大尺度的历史城区空间，旨在更好的为邻里营造场所并为其注入新的活力。”

审稿编辑：Maggie

更多 Read more about: Lab D+H