鲸山别墅社区共建花园 / 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室

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Thanks Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen for authorizing the publication of the project on mooool. Text description provided by Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen.

哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室：鲸山别墅共建花园是在深圳市城市管理和综合执法局、深圳市公园管理中心指导下，由南山区城市管理与综合执法局主办的“2022南山共建花园”项目之中的一个，项目由哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室、蛇口社区基金会等共创单位一同完成。

哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室致力于关注城市和社会问题，创新探索设计的可能性。在城市快速更新的背景下，建筑和绿化废弃物占据空间多、处理成本大的问题日益凸显。团队通过鲸山花园讲述了一段“废弃物重获新生”的故事，同时也是通过设计回应社会问题、寻求更大社会效益的一次实践。

Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen: Jingshan Villa co-build garden was carried out under the “2022 Nanshan Co-build Gardens Program” organized by Nanshan Urban Management And Law Enforcement Bureau, guided by Shenzhen Urban Management And Law Enforcement Bureau, and Shenzhen Administration Center of Parks. The project was completed by Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shekou Community Foundation and other co-organization units.

Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen is dedicated to focusing on urban and social issues and innovatively exploring the possibilities of design. In the context of rapid urban renewal, the problem of construction and greenery waste occupying much space and costing a lot to dispose of is becoming increasingly serious. Through the Jingshan Garden, the team tells a story of “rejuvenation of waste”, which is also a practice of responding to social issues and seeking greater social benefits through design.

▽场地俯瞰,Overlooking the site

社区更新中的机遇 Opportunities in Community Renewal

鲸山社区位于南山区蛇口片区，地处大南山山麓；社区建于上世纪80年代，是深圳市最早的别墅社区，现正处于人行道翻新、房屋整修的更新建设阶段，产生了大量建筑垃圾；社区自然资源丰富，有“都市中的自然博物馆”之称，但为预防台风灾害，需定期修剪树木，自然代谢过程中产生了许多绿化废弃物。这些废弃物处理复杂、花费较大，成为社区亟待解决的问题。

Jingshan Villa is located in Shekou District, Nanshan District, at the foot of the Nanshan Mountain; the community was built in the 1980s and is the earliest villa community in Shenzhen. The community is now in the renovation stage of sidewalk renovation and housing renovation, generating a large amount of construction waste; moreover, in order to prevent typhoon disasters, trees need to be pruned regularly, and the natural metabolic process generates a lot of greening waste. These wastes are complicated and costly to dispose of, and have become an urgent problem for the community.

▽鲸山别墅区位,Jingshan Villa location

花园选址于社区内西北角，是紧邻道路交叉口的一处遍布荒草的台地。我们在调研过程中积极回收了近万块可循环利用的人行道废旧透水红砖，以及堆放在场地周边垃圾房和场地内部的枯木，希望通过“自然循环”理念实现“（-1）X（-1）=1”的设计目标，在循环回收利用城市废弃物的同时，将社区内的荒芜一隅转化为承载社区记忆、促进社区融合的场所。

The garden is located in the northwest corner of the community, on a grassy terrace adjacent to a road intersection. During the research process, we actively collected nearly 10,000 pieces of recyclable sidewalk waste permeable red bricks, as well as dead wood piled up in the garbage room around the site and inside the site. We hope to achieve the design goal of “(-1) X (-1) = 1” through the concept of “flow of nature”, and to transform a barren part of the community into a place that carries community memories and promotes community integration while recycling urban waste.

▽花园区位与社区废弃物现状,Garden location and community waste status

▽改造前：宅旁无人问津的荒野台地,The “no one enters” wilderness terrace next to the house

参与式调研 Participatory Research

秉持共建花园“共商、共建、共治、共享”的理念，我们邀请了多方团队参与调研、设计、建造全流程。

Based on the concept of “discuss together, co-building, co-governmence and sharing”, we invited multiple teams to participate in the whole process of research, design and construction of the garden.

▽参与式全流程, Whole-process participation

我们通过生态本底调研强化了对场地原有生境的认知，区分本土植物和入侵植物，了解原有动植物的生态系统，重新思考自然资源的保育与优化策略。

We strengthened our knowledge of the original habitat of the site through ecological background research. We distinguished between native and invasive plants, understood the ecosystem of the original flora and fauna, and rethought the conservation and optimization strategy of natural resources.

▽鲸山花园前期植物调查表,Early investigation form of plants in Jingshan Garden

▽鲸山花园前期动物调查表,Early investigation form of animals in Jingshan Garden

居民与物业提出需要以有限成本建设低养护高品质花园，并且满足“自然、交往、休憩、教育、全龄、安静”的诉求。在座谈会中，梳理出可循环再生的现有社区资源：被拆除的废旧人行道红砖、树木修剪后堆放的枯木、路边废弃的置石、可回收移栽的植物。

Residents and managers raised the need to build low-maintenance, high-quality gardens at limited cost, and to meet the demands of “nature, interaction, leisure, education, all ages, and quiet”. During the symposium, existing community resources that can be recycled were identified: the red bricks of the demolished sidewalks, the dead wood piled up after tree pruning, the abandoned stones on the roadside, and the plants that can be recycled and transplanted.

▽共同商讨花园功能与可循环再生的资源,Discussing garden functions and recyclable resources together

通过参与式调研，我们和社区总结出三个主要问题：

1、废弃物处理问题：如何在成本有限的情况下，充分利用社区内的废旧红砖与绿化废弃物？
2、场地原生环境问题：如何保护生态并激活荒地？
3、社会交往问题：如何平衡邻避问题与社会交往之间的矛盾、设计承载合理社会活动的积极公共空间？

Through participatory research, we concluded three main issues:

1、Waste disposal problem: How to make full use of the waste red bricks and green waste in the community with limited cost?
2. Native environment of the site problem: How to protect the ecology and activate the wasteland?
3. Social interaction problem: How to balance the conflict between neighborhood avoidance and social interaction, and design active public spaces that carry reasonable social activities?

设计目标：（-1）X（-1）=1 Design goal: (-1) X (-1) = 1

基于调研成果，我们充分利用高校教育资源、发挥专业优势，组建师生志愿团队参与设计。自暑期开始，组织多次设计工作坊，邀请相关领域的专家开展讲座交流与方案指导，进行多方案比对与评选、模型推敲与小组讨论等设计流程，确定了“（-1）X（-1）=1”的设计目标，即通过设计将消极的废弃物与荒地转化为积极的景观场所，并提出三大设计策略：

1、促进本地资源循环与人文积淀的低成本场所设计——回收利用社区人行道的旧透水红砖、枯木等废弃物材料造景，节约成本的同时，传播资源循环利用理念，强化鲸山人文积淀；
2、维护原生自然资源，营造亲自然的花园生境空间——保护本土动植物，去除入侵植物，优化生境条件，实现低影响开发建设；
3、营造将儿童作为社交触媒的社区自然学习场所——推动儿童友好的植物配置、见学地景设计、木工坊植入，以自然学习为主题，保持活动场所的宁静。

Based on research results, we made full use of the educational resources of university and our professional advantages to form volunteer teams of teachers and students to participate in the design. Since the summer, we have organized several design workshops, invited experts to give lectures and guidance, conducted multiple proposal comparison and selection, modeling and group discussion, and other design processes. We determined the design goal of “(-1) X (-1) = 1”, that is, to transform negative waste and wilderness into positive landscape place through design, and proposed three major design strategies:

1. Low-cost place design that promotes local resource recycling and humanistic accumulation: recycling old permeable red bricks from community sidewalks, dead wood and other waste materials to create a landscape, which can reduce costs, spread the concept of resource recycling, and strengthen the humanistic accumulation of Jingshan.
2. Maintain native natural resources and create pro-natural garden habitat space: protect native plants and animals, remove invasive plants, optimize habitat conditions, and realize low-impact development and construction.
3. Create community nature learning places that use children as social catalyst: promote child-friendly plant configurations, learning landscape, and woodworking workshop implantation to maintain the tranquility of the activity place with natural learning as the theme.

▽参与式设计工作坊, Participatory design workshops

▽（-1）X（-1）=1

设计理念：自然循环 Design concept: flow of nature

基于设计策略，我们提出了“自然循环”的设计理念。一方面，我们将其作为景观塑造的框架，花园自北向南体现自然循环的过程——北部日照优良，作为生长景观；中部以枯木景观体现枯萎理念；南部保育现有植被，以原生态展现再生之感。另一方面，我们对社区废弃材料进行循环利用，并植入了传播资源循环理念、创造自然学习场景与凸显鲸山人文底蕴三个层面的内涵。

Based on the design strategy, we proposed the design concept of “flow of nature”. On the one hand, we make it the framework of landscape shaping, and the garden reflects the process of natural cycle from north to south – the north has excellent sunlight as the growing landscape; the central part reflects the concept of withering with dead wood landscape; the south preserves the existing vegetation to show the sense of regeneration with original ecology. On the other hand, we have recycled the waste materials in the community and implanted three levels of connotation, which include spreading the concept of resource recycling, creating natural learning scenes and highlighting the humanistic heritage of Whale Mountain.

▽设计理念与空间结构生成示意图,Design concept and spatial structure generation schematic

▽概念落地示意,Concept landing schematic

空间设计 Space Design

“生灵奇旅”Flowline

以“自然循环”为主题，运用对景、隔景、借景、障景等手法组织景观流线、设计节点小品，引导游览时走、停、驻留的节奏。

顺应长月牙形的基地特征，在北侧入口处设置的景观节点配合无障碍坡道，引人入内；自花径游览至中部枯木园，多种植物与枯木塑造的景观节点吸引游人驻足观赏，枯木园内红砖砌筑的坐凳提供休憩空间，沿花径继续前行可达中部红砖对景墙处；游人或可由以花池为入口对景、连接内外高差场地的楼梯进入，上至入口平台后踱步至木工坊处休憩游戏；或继续南行至尾端的原生态观赏区，在原生植物的环绕中静坐、观赏与冥想。

在整体流线上，花园北侧的观赏花径、中部的枯木景观与南侧的原生景观，由北向南地叙述了“生长—枯萎—再生”的自然循环故事，由此成为一条景观变化流连的“生灵奇旅”路线。

With the theme of “flow of nature”, the landscape flow is organized and nodes are designed by using such techniques as pair view, partition view, borrowed view and barrier view to guide the rhythm of walking, stopping and staying during the tour.

In accordance with the characteristics of the long crescent-shaped base, the landscape nodes set up at the north entrance with barrier-free ramps, attracting people to enter. From the flower path to the central deadwood garden, a variety of plants and deadwood shaped landscape nodes to attract visitors to stop and watch, red brick sitting benches in the deadwood garden to provide rest space, continue along the flower path can reach the central red brick wall.

Visitors can also enter the garden by the staircase with the flower pond as the entrance to the landscape, connecting the internal and external height difference. And then pace up to the entrance platform to rest and play at the woodworking workshop. Or continue southward to the original ecological viewing area at the end, where they can sit, watch and meditate surrounded by native plants.

In the overall flow, the ornamental flower path on the north side of the garden, the dead wood landscape in the middle and the native landscape on the south side narrate the story of the natural cycle of “growth – withering – regeneration” from north to south, thus becoming a landscape change flowing The route is a “spiritual journey”.

▽流线场景体验,Flowline scene experience

一万块旧砖的可能性 The possibilities of 10,000 old bricks

充分发挥红砖的可塑性，利用万块废旧红砖以及部分新红砖营造场所氛围，将其铺设堆砌为铺地、花池、地台与景墙，以及为适应不同年龄人体尺度而高低变化的座椅，共同围合场地、深化项目特色、传达设计理念。

地面铺设过程中，变换红砖组合方式以适应不同的场地功能——以顺砖砌合的方式引导游人前行，以斜拼穿插不同颜色砖的方式强调场地，亦或是以篮纹编织组合及人字形铺砖方式塑造场地仪式感。在景墙的砌筑上，运用镂空、旋转、穿插等手法形成韵律，光影凸显纹理、砖红植绿相得益彰。花池中新旧红砖穿插的设计细节能够传承鲸山记忆、创造文化符号。

The plasticity of red bricks is fully exploited, using 10,000 pieces of used red bricks and some new red bricks to create the atmosphere of the place, paving them as pavers, flower pools, flooring and scenic walls, as well as seats with different heights to adapt to the scale of the human body of different ages, together enclosing the site, deepening the characteristics of the project and conveying the design concept.

In the process of flooring, the combination of red bricks is changed to adapt to different functions of the site – to guide the visitors by laying bricks together, to emphasize the site by interspersing different color bricks diagonally, and to create a sense of ritual for the site by combining basket weave and herringbone paving. In the masonry of the scenic wall, rhythm is formed by using hollowing, rotating and interspersing techniques. The design details of interspersed old and new red bricks in the flower pond can inherit the memory of Jingshan and create cultural symbols.

▽红砖设计手法,Red brick design techniques

▽回收旧砖铺成的花径,Recycled old bricks pave the flower path

▽光影下的红砖,Red bricks in light and shadow

▽鲸山花园入口红砖对景墙,The red brick wall opposit

▽红砖木工坊, Red Brick Woodworking Workshop

唤醒被遗忘的小生境 Awakening the forgotten small habitat

采用低成本低介入低维护的新自然主义生境塑造方式。尊重场地生态基底并补充蜜源植物，保证鲸山花园仍是动植物的美好家园。引入植物以色彩、形态、习性响应居民亲近自然、学习自然的需求，创造更加宜人宜憩的生境景观，唤醒被遗忘的荒地生境。

枯木作为自然代谢的产物，我们希望将其自然呈现，通过错落摆放与观赏景观、原生态景观结合，展现不同生命周期的植物形态，向游人传达鲸山花园“自然循环”的理念。

A low cost, low intervention, low maintenance neo-naturalistic habitat shaping approach was adopted. The ecological substrate of the site is respected and supplemented with nectar plants to ensure that Jingshan Garden remains a beautiful home for plants and animals. The plants are inserted to respond to the residents’ needs to get closer to nature and learn about nature with color, form and habit, creating a more pleasant and restful habitat landscape and awakening the forgotten wilderness habitat.

As a product of natural metabolism, we hope to present it naturally, combining it with the ornamental landscape and the original landscape through staggered placement to show the different life cycle of plants and convey the concept of ” flow with nature ” of Jingshan Garden to visitors.

▽植物种植配置与设计,Plant selection and design

▽北部入口景观,North entrance view

▽花径静谧景观,Flower trail tranquility landscape

▽中部枯木园,Central deadwood garden

▽中部花池,Central flower ponds

▽南部冥想景观, Southern meditation landscape

▽枯木景观, Deadwood landscape

散落花园中的故事 Stories scattered in the garden

回收的材料不仅用于塑造空间，也能传递社区人文精神内涵、唤起居民集体记忆与归属感，连接人与场所。

回收的红砖为社区人行道“服役”多年，是鲸山的“历史见证者”，我们在旧砖旁置入呼应“历史”与“自然”的标语铜牌，凸显人文历史内涵；收集了社区中的枯树枝、松果和弃置石块等自然材料，和居民、志愿者们共同制作完成了介绍花园动植物的见学地景牌，用艺术涂鸦的方式将“鲸山花园”绘于石块之上。这些散落的设计小作品作为花园景观的一部分，见证、记录并娓娓道来着悠久而充满生机的鲸山故事。

The recycled materials are not only used to shape the space, but also to convey the humanistic spirit of the community, to evoke the collective memory and sense of belonging of the residents, and to connect people and places.

The recycled red bricks have served the community sidewalks for many years and are the “historical witnesses” of Jingshan Villa. We collected natural materials such as dead branches, pine cones and discarded stones from the community, and worked with residents and volunteers to create a learning sign introducing the garden’s flora and fauna, and painted the “Jingshan Garden” on the stones with artistic graffiti. These small scattered works of design are part of the garden landscape, witnessing, recording and telling the long and vibrant story of Jingshan.

▽呼应“历史”与“自然”的双语标语铜牌,bronze bilingual signs echoing “history” and “nature”

▽用涂鸦表达社区特色的花园景观石,Garden landscape stones expressing community character with graffiti

▽见学地景展示牌,Boards of learning landscape

空间建造：共建推动共治与共享 Space Construction: Co-Construction Promotes Co-Governance and Sharing

设计团队陪伴施工 Design team accompanying construction

施工建造的全过程均有设计团队陪伴，采用学生驻场的方式随时解决设计问题，并实地参与施工建设、学习施工工艺、把握建设效果，在身心投入的施工过程中与场地培植起深厚的情感。

The design team accompanies the whole process of construction, solves design problems at any time by using the students’ presence on site, and participates in construction, learns construction techniques, and grasps the construction effect on the ground, cultivating deep emotions with the site during the construction process with physical and mental commitment.

▽设计团队陪伴施工,Design team accompanying construction

社区参与花园建造 Community participation in garden construction

联合社区物业共同组织种植工作坊，通过多方参与的路径，在建造过程中创造社区居民、物业与花园的互动机会，实现共治共享。

Jointly organize planting workshops with community properties to create opportunities for interaction between community residents, properties and gardens in the construction process through a multi-party participation path ，so as to achieve shared governance.

▽植物种植,Planting

花园承载共享活动 Garden carries shared activities

邀请社区居民参与见学地景木工坊活动，以“自然循环”为主题开展自然导学课，在漫游中了解花园“（-1）X（-1）=1”设计故事，通过对废弃材料进行手工创作来传播废弃物循环利用低碳理念，创造更大的社会价值。

Community residents are invited to participate in the workshop to learn about the theme of “natural recycling” and the “(-1) X (-1) = 1” design story of the garden. And we hope to spread the concept of low-carbon waste recycling and create greater social value through handicraft creation of waste materials.

▽见学地景,Learning landscape

▽自然导学课,Nature guided classes

尾声——一个“自然循环”的共建场所 Epilogue – A ” flow of nature ” of co-creation sites

鲸山花园的设计过程是漫长的，不止于图纸与场地的设计，更是对凝聚社会共识、聚集多方资源、推动在地实践的持续摸索。我们依托“共商”回应场地问题，确定以废弃物回收利用为核心的设计策略，通过空间设计引导“共建”行动，加持空间效果，并期待花园能够激活社区“共治”，实现空间“共享”。

我们近期对鲸山花园的使用现状进行了回访，欣喜地收到了当地居民们的肯定评价：“我喜欢带着孩子一起来这里，这里不仅可以学到自然知识，还可以了解鲸山历史”，“这里很舒服，也很好看，我喜欢这里”；物业也组织起了“一起制作自然科普墙”活动。未来，鲸山物业和居民将会持续运营维护花园，开展多样共建活动，传递“自然循环”理念，让这片荒芜角落经历 “自然循环”，成长为具有教育意义的自然共建场所、富有社区记忆的温馨精神家园。

The design process of Jingshan Garden is long, not only in terms of drawings and site design, but also in terms of gathering social consensus, gathering multiple resources, and promoting local practice. We responded to the site issues by relying on “co-consultation”, determined the design strategy with waste recycling as the core, guided the “co-construction” action through spatial design, and enhanced the spatial effect, and expected the garden to activate the community “co-rule” and realize the “sharing” of space. We expect the garden to activate community “shared governance” and realize space “sharing”.

We recently made a return visit to the Jingshan Garden and were pleased to receive positive comments from local residents: “I like to bring my children here, not only to learn about nature, but also to learn about the history of Jingshan”, “It is very comfortable and beautiful, I like it here. I like it here.” The property also organized the activity of “making a nature science wall together”. In the future, Jingshan property and residents will continue to operate and maintain the garden, carry out various joint construction activities, pass on the concept of ” flow with nature “, and let this deserted corner experience “flow with nature” to grow into a natural joint construction place with educational significance and a warm spiritual home rich in community memory , as well as a warm and spiritual home with community memories.

▽平面图,Plan

▽东立面,East elevation

项目名称：鲸山别墅社区共建花园
指导单位：深圳市城市管理和综合执法局、深圳市公园管理中心
主办单位：南山区城市管理和综合执法局
共创单位：哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室、蛇口社区基金会、大自然保护协会、深圳市土木再生城乡营造研究所、见新社会创新中心（RELOOK见新青年）、源野志工作室
设计单位：哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室
设计团队：代少义、张琪、许晓淇、胡嘉悦、潘琪瑶、黄天祺、方佳清、傅绍婷、李宗泽、杨初蕾
指导老师：刘堃、戴冬晖、刘美、林晓钰、虞刚
摄影版权：哈尔滨⼯业⼤学（深圳）建筑学院公共空间实验室
施工单位：广东禹能建设发展有限公司
项目地点：中国⼴东省深圳市南山区鲸山别墅
项目规模：约407㎡
项目设计&开园时间：2022年
主要材料：红砖、砾石、绿植、木材
获奖：“2023深圳共建花园”——“低碳花园”荣誉称号、“生态花园”荣誉称号

Project name：Jingshan Villa Community Co-Garden
Unit of guidance：Shenzhen Urban Management And Law Enforcement Bureau, Shenzhen Administration Center of Parks
Organizer: Nanshan Urban Management And Law Enforcement Bureau
Co-organized by:
Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen
Shekou Community Foundation
The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
reTumu Institute
RE-LOOK
From the Wild
Design: Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen
Design team: Dai Shaoyi, Zhang Qi, Xu Xiaoqi, Hu Jiayue, Pan Qiyao, Huang Tianqi, Fang Jiaqing, Fu Shaoting, Li Zongze, Yang Chulei
Tutors: Liu Kun, Dai Donghui, Liu Mei, Lin Xiaoyu, Yu Gang
Photo credits: Public Space Lab, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen
Construction team: Guangdong Yuneng Construction Development Co., Ltd.
Project location: JingShan Villa, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
Design area: About 407㎡
Design and Completion year: 2022
Main materials: Red bricks, Gravel, Greenery, Wood
Awards: “2023 Shenzhen Co-Building Garden”—Honorary title of “Low-carbon Garden”、Honorary title of “Ecological Garden”