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孔祥伟工作室：流而不返者，水也；不以时迁者，松柏也。——苏轼《送杭州进士诗叙》
Kong Xiangwei Studio：Those who flow but do not return, water is also; Those who do not move by time, even pine and cypress. ——Su Shi’s “Poem Narration of Sending off the Scholars to Hangzhou”
▽项目视频 Video ©直译建筑摄影
东坡先生之诗，将松与水并置，对比水的自由与松柏的坚定。阴阳相生，刚柔并济，中国文化总是在对立中寻找平衡和统一。而松在中国文化中的意义早已经超越植物学本身，它所赋予的意向所指，气意高远。古人多借松言情明志：“何当凌云霄，直上数千尺”“寒暑不能移，岁月不能败者，惟松柏为然。”表达古人坚毅之气。
Mr. Dongpo’s poem juxtaposes pine and water, contrasting the freedom of water with the firmness of pine and cypress. Yin and Yang coexist, combining hardness and softness, and Chinese culture always seeks balance and unity in opposition. The significance of pine in Chinese culture has long surpassed botany itself, and the intention it bestows refers to the lofty meaning of qi. The ancients often used pine trees to express their emotions and aspirations: “Why should we soar thousands of feet in the clouds?” “Cold and summer cannot be moved, and time cannot be defeated. Only pine and cypress are natural.” This expresses the steadfast spirit of the ancients.
▽[宋]佚名《松泉磐石图》[Song] Anonymous “Rock Map of Songquan”
▽场地鸟瞰 Aerial view
▽休憩者与美人靠 Rest with beauty
▽舞者与美人靠 Dancers and beauties
松作为常用园林造景树，也被作户外家具之用。在中国山水画中，常见将曲松之干作为倚靠之器的妙用。更进一步，松树被作为天然的柱子来使用。在袁枚的《随园诗话》中，他记录了如何利用六棵松树做亭子，而六松亭也成为袁枚最得意的作品之一。
Pine, as a commonly used landscaping tree, is also used for outdoor furniture. In Chinese landscape painting, the trunk of Qu Song is often used as a tool to rely on. Furthermore, pine trees are used as natural pillars. In Yuan Mei’s “Suiyuan Shi Hua”, he recorded how to use six pine trees to make pavilions, and the Six Pine Pavilion became one of Yuan Mei’s most proud works.
▽美人靠鸟瞰 Beauty relies on a bird’s eye view
▽松林与美人靠 Pine forest and beauty
营造云过山丘茶园艺术区“松衣剧场”时，恰逢暖春。我最喜欢拿着马扎，坐在松树底下和工人师傅聊天。一日坐的位置正巧对着几棵松树，细数共八棵，姿巧势好。何不依托这八棵松树，做个有趣的物件呢？袁枚以六松做亭，我若八松为椅，岂不惬意？索性以美人靠的形态设计座椅。我迅速在场地中勾勒草图构思，一团曲线盘在几棵松树之间。
When creating the “Songyi Theater” in the Yunguo Mountain Tea Garden Art District, it coincided with warm spring. My favorite thing is to sit under a pine tree with a Maza and chat with the workers. The position where I sat one day happened to be facing several pine trees, with a total of eight carefully counted, with a good posture and momentum. Why not rely on these eight pine trees to create an interesting object? Yuan Mei used six pine trees as a pavilion, and if I were eight pine trees as a chair, wouldn’t it be pleasant? Simply design the seat in the form of a beauty seat. I quickly sketched the concept on the site, with a curved circle between several pine trees.
▽现场概念手稿 Live concept manuscript
▽舞者与美人靠 Dancers and beauties
▽盘在松林间的曲线 The curve between the pines
美人靠 MeiRen Kao
美人靠是中国传统建筑和园林中一类独立家具，或连接阁楼与庭院交叠的灰空间，或与户外长廊结合，或独立与亭子。最美莫过溪边亭的美人靠，佳人斜倚，流水潺潺。
Meirenjiao is a type of independent furniture in traditional Chinese architecture and gardens, or a gray space that connects the attic and courtyard, or is combined with outdoor corridors, or is independent of pavilions. The most beautiful thing is the beauty leaning against the pavilion by the stream, where the beauty leans and the flowing water babbles.
▽夜色中的美人靠 The beauty of the night
▽美人靠与休憩者 Beauty and rest
营造中的力与美 Power and Beauty in Construction
想要刚柔并济，钢筋成为实现这种弯曲流动结构的最佳材料，我决定用创作雕塑的方法来完成。松树间的相互关系复杂，没做具体测绘工作无法用标准的设计图纸来实现精确的图纸设计。我和两位工人师傅一起，依靠现场的直觉，在八棵松树之间用钢筋盘出三根曲线，松树立刻成为一个整体。最上的线条界定了美人靠的靠背，下面两根界定坐凳部分的前后两端。轮廓定点放线完成，继而竖向架立筋支撑。曲线钢筋插入地面和前三条线相交，双向曲线的相交在反复试错中得到顺滑相接。钢筋有韧性，曲率越小的弯曲度需要更大的力量才能实现顺滑的过渡。所以，在一些转折节点上，体现出力与美。
I decided to use the method of creating sculptures to achieve a combination of rigidity and softness, with steel bars becoming the best material for achieving this curved flow structure. The interrelationships between pine trees are complex, and precise drawing designs cannot be achieved using standard design drawings without specific surveying and mapping work. Together with two workers and masters, relying on on-site intuition, I used steel bars to create three curves between the eight pine trees, and the pine trees immediately became a whole. The top line defines the backrest on which the beauty rests, while the bottom two define the front and rear ends of the seat. The contour positioning and setting out are completed, and then the vertical reinforcement support is erected. The curved steel bars are inserted into the ground and intersect with the first three lines, and the intersection of the bidirectional curves is smoothly connected through repeated trial and error. Steel bars have toughness, and smaller curvature requires greater force to achieve smooth transitions. So, at some turning points, reflect strength and beauty.
▽力量与美学 Power and aesthetics
凝固的流动 Solidified flow
骨架结构完成之后的坐靠面层施工，采用钢筋同向平行顺置。有机曲线环绕松树，穿松走林，形态自由，俨然一条流动的银河。应对了苏轼诗中的那句话，“流而不返者，水也;不以时迁者，松柏也”，水的灵动在这个作品中凝固。苏轼是一位让人喜爱的文豪，苏轼的一生，波折起伏，但他就像流水一样，从来都能够在逆境中舞出精彩的人生，松树间的钢筋铸成的流水，就像苏轼的精神一样，作为向苏轼的致敬，美人靠命名为“苏子美人靠”。
After the completion of the skeleton structure, the construction of the seating surface layer is carried out using steel bars placed in parallel and parallel in the same direction. Organic curves surround pine trees and walk through forests, creating a free and flowing Milky Way. In response to the sentence in Su Shi’s poem, “Those who flow but do not return, water; those who do not move with time, pine and cypress”, the agility of water solidified in this work. Su Shi is a beloved literary figure. Throughout his life, Su Shi experienced ups and downs, but like flowing water, he has always been able to dance a wonderful life in adversity. The flowing water made of steel bars among pine trees is like Su Shi’s spirit. As a tribute to Su Shi, the beauty is named “Su Zi Beauty”.
▽流水般的形态 Fluvial form
和材料做朋友 Make friends with materials
路易斯·康说，要了解材料说的话。钢筋最为最基本建材，通常被混凝土包裹之后消失在建筑之中。这种因为粗糙不精致而被城市项目低估的材料，被我们重新认识并反复利用在多个乡建实践中。高强度、高韧性、易塑形、低成本的钢筋，在多靠在地施工经验完成的项目中，俨然具备明星材料属性。小于φ10mm，轻柔纤细，灵动性强，但不具备支撑强度；φ10-16mm直径既有一定强度，又在人力可实现的自由弯曲极限内，造型表现极佳。不同直径的钢筋，可做结构支撑，可自由在空间中穿行，也可以在空中舞蹈。顺应材料特性，匹配在地施工，和材料做朋友，实现新的高效、实用、美观。
Louis Kahn said that we need to understand what the materials say. Steel bars are the most basic building materials and usually disappear into buildings after being wrapped in concrete. This type of material, underestimated by urban projects due to its roughness and lack of refinement, has been re recognized and repeatedly utilized in multiple rural construction practices. High strength, high toughness, easy to shape, and low-cost steel bars, in projects that rely heavily on on-site construction experience, seem to possess the properties of star materials. less than φ 10mm, gentle and slender, with strong flexibility, but without supporting strength; φ The diameter of 10-16mm has a certain strength and is within the free bending limit that can be achieved by manpower, resulting in excellent styling performance. Steel bars of different diameters can be used as structural supports, allowing for free passage through space and dancing in the air. Adapt to material characteristics, match on-site construction, and make friends with materials to achieve new efficiency, practicality, and aesthetics.
▽遵循材料的特性 Follow the characteristics of the material
工匠精神 Craftsmanship spirit
在数次设计即施工的经验中，我也逐渐沉淀出乡建项目的流程和要义：确定大原则，保留可能性；低价策略，深度交流；鼓励能动性和创造性。当地匠人是工艺和材料的落地人，在力的转换方面他们有因人而异的发言权。因为要上手做，多大力道形成怎样的效果是在工匠手中完成。设计师需要和他们深度交流，目标一致会使营造工作变得流畅。工匠的经验也会在一些难点上给出及时反馈和局部变更，这些变更有时候会有问题，建筑师要进行修正。但很多时候，又会有着出其不意的效果产生，创造性的精细就在这些留有余地的可能性中出现。
Through several experiences of design and construction, I have gradually developed the process and essence of rural construction projects: determining major principles and retaining possibilities; Low price strategy, deep communication; Encourage initiative and creativity. Local craftsmen are the masters of craftsmanship and materials, and they have a unique say in the transformation of force. Because it takes a lot of effort to get started, what kind of effect is achieved in the hands of the craftsman. Designers need to have in-depth communication with them, and a consistent goal will make the construction work smoother. The experience of craftsmen will also provide timely feedback and local changes on some difficult points, which can sometimes have problems and architects need to make corrections. But often, there are unexpected effects that arise, and creative refinement appears in these possibilities with room for improvement.
▽与工匠一起进行在地营造 Work with artisans on local construction
▽美人靠是小朋友的游乐园 Beauty is a playground for children
▽美人靠穿松走林 Beauty walks through the pines
▽美人靠与松林紧密结合 Beauty depends on a close bond with the pine forest
艺术、自然与人 Art, Nature, and People
美人靠既是自然中的户外坐具，更是自然中作为审美对象的物。在八棵松树的荫蔽下，为大家提供一个可供十几人同坐的空间，而作为座椅本身，美人靠流畅灵动的线条又成为自然中的观赏对象，恰似倚立松林中优雅的当代艺术品，借松林的坚定绿意勾勒一笔流动的银河。坐靠之上，邻里闲聊，儿童戏耍，情侣拍照，舞者舞蹈。美人靠在与不同人群的互动中，成为自然、艺术和人的桥梁。
The beauty seat is not only an outdoor seat in nature, but also an aesthetic object in nature. Under the shade of eight pine trees, providing a space for more than ten people to sit together, and as the seat itself, the beauty becomes a natural viewing object with its smooth and dynamic lines, just like leaning against the elegant contemporary art in the pine forest, drawing a flowing Milky Way with the firm green atmosphere of the pine forest. Sitting on top, chatting with neighbors, children playing, couples taking photos, dancers dancing. Beauty relies on interacting with different groups of people to become a bridge between nature, art, and humanity.
▽舞者与美人靠、松林 Dancers and beauties, pine forest
项目名称：苏子美人靠
业主：云过山丘茶园艺术区
场地面积：200平米
构筑面积：20平米
设计单位：孔祥伟工作室
主持建筑师：孔祥伟
参与者：孔雀、崔俊、高灼见
摄影：直译建筑摄影+孔祥伟
设计与营造时间：2023年4月——5月
Project Name: Suzi Meirenjiao
Clients: Yunguo Mountain Hill Tea Garden Art Zone
Site area: 200 ㎡
Construction area: 30 ㎡
Design Company: Kong Xiangwei Studio
Lead architect: Kong Xiangwei
Participants: Kong Que, Cui Jun, Gao Zhuojian
Photography: literal translation of Architectural photography，Kong Xiangwei
Design period: April to May 2023
“ 有机曲线的美人靠艺术装置座椅环绕松树，穿松走林，形态自由，俨然一条流动的银河。”
审稿编辑：Maggie
更多 Read more about：北京观筑景观规划研究院
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