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朱小地建筑设计：当下中国乡村振兴的核心策略，便是依托城市的反哺效应，通过旅游业的发展为乡村带来活力，进而带动资金、产业、文化的进入，有效促进乡村人口的回流和外来人口的定居。
ZXD Architects: China’s rural revitalization initiative emphasizes leveraging urban resources to support rural development. A key strategy involves developing tourism to attract capital and industries, foster cultural engagement, promote population retention, and facilitate the settlement of new residents in rural areas.
▽鸟瞰“软广场” Aerial view of the “Soft Square”
其中，文化项目入驻乡村成为了一种全新尝试。中国著名的文艺团体——龙马社在深圳坪山长守村建立戏剧公社，形成常态的乡村艺术表演基地，从事戏剧的创作、排练和演出。为配合戏剧公社的进驻，朱小地建筑师受邀承担了长守村统筹规划及重点范围的设计工作。
Integrating cultural projects into rural settings is a new attempt in this regard. In Changshou Village, located in the Pingshan District of Shenzhen, the esteemed Chinese performing art studio, Longma Studio, has embarked on an experimental endeavor to establish a theater commune. This commune is intended to serve as a hub for regular rural art performances, encompassing the entire process from creation and rehearsal to staging dramas. To support this endeavor and accommodate the increasing number of audiences and tourists, architect Zhu Xiaodi was commissioned to steer the village’s overall planning and the design of key areas.
▽龙马社长守村戏剧公社剧场开幕大戏《我爱桃花》A poster of the play “I Love Peach Blossom” by Longma Studio, to be staged at the Theater Commune nestled in Changshou Village
走进长守村 Site Overview
长守村坐落于深圳东北部坪山丘陵之中，演出的地点确定在长守村内原有的传统客家民居——江氏围屋。该围屋始建于清乾隆年间，占地面积8000平方米。背靠山体，面对水塘，是广东民居的典型布局。如今，围屋部分建筑仍保持着往昔的完整风貌，另一部分遭到了拆毁。
Changshou Village is situated in a hilly area of Pingshan in northeast Shenzhen. The performance venue is positioned in Jiang’s Hakka Houses, a traditional architectural complex in the village. Built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, this 8,000-square-meter compound features a typical Cantonese residential layout, nestled against a mountain and embracing a pond. While parts of the houses remain intact, others have been demolished.
▽江氏围屋与水塘鸟瞰 Aerial view of Jiang’s Hakka Houses and the pond in front
从空中观察长守村的空间格局，可以发现长守村还保留着农耕文明的形态——各家各户的房屋自成体系，道路系统相对狭窄，缺乏必要的空地和相应的公共空间。村口、街巷、水塘等本身也很局促，再加上几十年市场经济的洗礼，如今已失去了往日凝聚人气的魅力。
围屋前面的水塘，现已租赁给私人作为鱼塘使用，原本的岸线被石头和混凝土所取代，为了防止人员或者车辆的不慎落水，水塘周围还安装了不锈钢栏杆，彻底改变了水塘的原貌和在村落中的地位。这些变化与乡村质朴的基调格格不入，构成了一种不可逆的景观破坏，无形中加剧了乡村公共空间的割裂感，让人变得更加疏离与麻木。
The aerial views of Changshou Village reveal its spatial fabric shaped by agricultural roots, showing independent house systems of each household, narrow roads, and a lack of open public spaces. Over the decades, the originally cramped village entrance, streets, lanes, and pond have lost their charm of gathering people due to the impact of the market economy.
The pond in front of the Hakka houses was leased as a private fish pond. Its natural shoreline was replaced by stone and concrete, and stainless steel railings were installed along its periphery to protect pedestrians and vehicles’ safety, fundamentally changing the pond’s appearance and role in the village. These alterations clashed with the rural settings and disrupted the natural landscape, causing a sense of alienation in the rural public space.
▽水塘现状 The pond before construction
龙马社的戏剧演出一定会对长守村、坪山乃至深圳产生巨大的影响和聚集效应，成为重磅文化事件，激发起人们观演戏剧，参与乡村文化生活的热情。然而，演出的常态化将带来游客数量的激增，对长守村原本有限的公共空间构成了不小的挑战。如何容纳庞大的游客群体，避免本地居民与外来游客之间的潜在冲突，成为了亟需解决的问题。
Longma Studio’s performances are expected to significantly impact Changshou Village, Pingshan District, and even broader Shenzhen, potentially evolving into a major cultural event that ignites local interest in drama and rural cultural life. Meanwhile, this will bring anticipated influx of tourists, posing challenges to the already cramped public spaces in Changshou Village. How to accommodate these visitors while mitigating potential conflicts between local villagers and tourists has become an urgent concern.
▽龙马社长守戏剧公社 Longma Studio Theater Commune in Changshou Village
南方丘陵地区的水塘在传统村落中扮演着重要角色，它不仅承载着村民的取水、洗衣、防火等功能，同时兼具景观和风水寓意，是村落中重要的公共空间与情感纽带。现在，日益城市化的生活方式使得水塘逐渐失去原有的功能，沦为孤立的“鱼池”，其生硬的边界更是阻拦了视线的延伸和亲水的可能，也就无法形成公共性和各种交往活动的发生。
简单地恢复水塘原来的岸线，既不可行也缺乏现实意义。而拆除水塘边的栏杆，又会影响到村民和游客的安全。同时，随着外来游客和观众的增多，他们来此不仅是为了观赏戏剧，更渴望深入了解乡村文化，体验并融入乡村生活。
2023年8月，朱小地和他的团队来到围屋所在地，在对围屋前的水塘进行调研和分析的基础上，提出了空间提升的方案，并得到了坪山市政府和龙马社的高度认可。
In the past, ponds played a vital role in traditional villages in the hilly regions of Southern China. They served as sources of drinking water, washing, and fire prevention. Additionally, they provided landscape and Feng Shui benefits, and were essential public spaces and emotional bonds within the village. However, due to urbanized lifestyles, ponds have become isolated “fish ponds,” with rigid boundaries cutting off visual and physical access to water, limiting public availability and interaction.
Merely restoring the pond’s original shoreline is neither feasible nor practically meaningful. Removing the railings would compromise the safety of villagers and tourists. Additionally, the increasing number of visitors necessitates more public spaces, not only to accommodate their interest in drama but also to allow them to experience and immerse in rural life.
In August 2023, architect Zhu Xiaodi and his team visited the site and proposed a space improvement plan based on their investigation and analysis of the pond. This scheme received strong support from the Pingshan Government and Longma Studio.
“软广场”的诞生 Creation of a “Soft Square”
朱小地提出了在水塘上构建一张巨大的绳网编织结构的设想，这个装置是平的，与周边道路之间的完美衔接，如同扩展出一片新的广场，成为村落新的公共空间。绳网材料具有极低的延展性和高达90KN的破断拉力，可以承载人们在上面自由行走、驻足、或坐或躺。这样的设计不仅创新了公共空间的营建方式，也为村民与游客提供了亲近自然、放松身心的独特享受。于是，这个建筑装置有了属于自己的名字：“软广场”。
Zhu Xiaodi’s innovative concept involves constructing a large woven rope net structure over the pond. This installation seamlessly integrates with the surrounding roads, creating an expansive square that becomes a new public space in the village. The rope net, made of ultra-low-ductility material with a tensile strength of up to 90KN, can support various activities such as walking, standing, sitting, or lying down. This design offers an innovative way of constructing public space, providing a unique experience for tourists and villagers to relax and commune with nature. This architectural installation is aptly named “Soft Square.”
▽绳网装置效果图 Rope net installation rendering
▽绳网装置夜景效果图 Night view rendering of the rope net installation
尽管绳网绝对安全，但其特有的网格构造让人不得不小心翼翼、努力保持平衡，以免不慎触发蝴蝶效应般的晃动，这反而创造了一种新奇的感觉。因为绳网的特性，他人的每一步走动都能被清晰传导过来，反之亦然，这种体验便构成了一种独特的互动方式，将原本被动的感知转化为了主动的参与。
Moving on the rope net requires balance and caution. Although the net is soft and safe, its unique mesh structure demands that people tread cautiously to avoid triggering a sway, akin to a butterfly effect, creating a novel experience. Due to the unique properties of the rope mesh, each individual’s steps can be felt by themselves and others, resulting in fun interactions and transforming passive perception into active participation.
▽鸟瞰“软广场”Aerial view of the “Soft Square”
在人们逐渐适应的过程中，开始尽情释放天性。一根根绳子，不仅编织成了一张覆盖水塘的网，更将网上的人们紧密相连，共同编织着在长守村的欢乐与回忆。
As people adjust to the rope net, they are encouraged to release themselves and explore freely. It is not only a net that spans over the pond, but also a bond between individuals, weaving joy and memories together in Changshou Village.
▽“软广场””Soft Square”
“软广场”让人暂时忘却了自己的身份，模糊了彼此间的界限，无论是城里人还是本地人，都能在这绳网上找到归属感，投入乡村的怀抱。此刻，人们感受到的是平等与愉悦，并用亲切的问候拉近彼此的距离。
This “Soft Square” allows people to temporarily forget their identities, blurring the boundaries between each other. At this moment, whether urbanites or local villagers, everyone finds a sense of belonging on this rope net, engaging with the countryside. Here, they experience equality and pleasure, becoming closer to one another with warm greetings.
▽“软广场””Soft Square”
▽鸟瞰“软广场”Aerial view of the “Soft Square”
人们在绳网之上，既能悠然仰望浩瀚的天空，又能惬意俯瞰水塘，观赏水中嬉戏的鱼儿和绽放的莲花。傍晚，人们可在此静候明月缓缓升起，倒映在宁静的水面之上。
The rope mesh offers a serene spot for people to leisurely gaze at the vast sky, overlook the pond, and watch the swimming fish and blooming lotus flowers below. In the evening, they can wait for and appreciate the rising moon, its reflection shimmering on the serene water.
▽“软广场”夜景 Night view of “Soft Square”
为了优化绳网结构设计并降低造价，在水塘中设计了7处圆形的混凝土支撑结构，这些结构有效缩短了绳网的跨度。同时为平衡水塘边墙受到的绳网水平拉力，在7个混凝土支撑结构处向周边伸出多条钢结构支撑。
To optimize the rope net’s structure and reduce costs, seven circular concrete supports were designed within the pond, shortening the net’s span. Additional steel supports around these concrete structures balance the horizontal tension exerted by the net on the pond’s edges.
▽绳网结构的多方案比较 Comparison of different rope net structure schemes
▽施工中的“软广场””Soft Square” under construction
绳网相邻两根绳中心线之间的间距为120mm，这一设定兼顾了不同年龄段的人们在绳网上活动的安全性与舒适度。在绳网的下方，又铺设了一张由更加纤细的材料编织的绳网，以防物品坠落。
The net’s 120mm spacing in between ropes ensures safety and comfort for users of all ages. A secondary slender net beneath the main one prevents items from falling into the pond.
▽绳网材料的直径和间距 Rope’s diameter and spacing between ropes
▽绳网装置边界 Rope’s diameter and spacing between ropes
▽绳网装置环形支撑 Circular supportive structure of the rope net installation
此外，绳网层上还设置了两个可以开启的出入口，便于管理人员进行日常维护。当然，绳网的存在并未消解水塘原有的功能，仍然作为村落水系中不可或缺的一部分。
Two openable entrances and exits set on the rope net facilitate daily maintenance. Despite the new rope net, the pond retains its function as a fish pond and its essential role in the village’s water system.
▽“软广场”绳网 Rope net of the “Soft Square”
▽水塘中再次绽放的莲花 Re-blooming lotus in the pond
总结 Summary
公共空间并非一成不变的存在，也不是一个界限分明的封闭系统，而是开放包容、持续被发掘与拓展的，一个鲜活的、不断生长的有机体。“软广场”建筑装置不仅承载着乡村生活的日常，融合旅游与娱乐的多元功能，更蕴含着丰富的精神内涵，是连接彼此、寄托情感的重要场所。证明了空间的意义往往需要在特定的时空里，与特定的人群产生共鸣，不仅具有功能属性更具有文化和社会属性。
Public space is not a static entity, nor is it a closed system with clearly defined boundaries. Instead, it is an open, inclusive, ever-evolving organism that is continuously explored and expanded. The “Soft Square” architectural installation not only accommodates the daily life of the countryside and integrates various functions of tourism and entertainment, but also holds deep spiritual significance. It serves as an important place for connection and emotional expression, demonstrating that the meaning of space often resonates with specific communities in a particular time and space context. Beyond functional attributes, this space holds cultural and social significance.
▽鸟瞰“软广场”Aerial view of the “Soft Square”
项目名称：深圳市坪山江岭长守村“软广场”
项目地点：广东省深圳市坪山区坪山街道江岭社区长守村
建成时间：2024年7月8日
用地面积：1463平方米
项目面积：1463平方米
项目业主：深圳市坪山区建筑工务署
设计单位：朱小地建筑设计事务所（北京）有限公司
主创设计：朱小地
设计团队：马天罡、肖如一
结构设计：北京市建筑设计研究院股份有限公司，白光波、段世昌、高志军、王毅、崔建华、朱忠义
灯光设计：北京光湖普瑞照明设计有限公司，胡芳、马赞堡
项目摄影：张超
Project name: “Soft Square” in Changshou Village
Project location: Changshou Village, Jiangling Community, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Completion time: July 8, 2024
Land area: 1,463 square meters
Project area: 1,463 square meters
Client: Bureau of Public Works of Pingshan District, Shenzhen
Design firm: ZXD Architects
Chief designer: Zhu Xiaodi
Design team: Ma Tiangang, Xiao Ruyi
Structure design: Beijing Institute of Architectural Design Co., Ltd. / Bai Guangbo, Duan Shichang, Gao Zhijun, Wang Yi, Cui Jianhua, Zhu Zhongyi
Lighting design: Purilighting (PURI) / Hu Fang, Ma Zanbao
Photography: Zhang Chao
“ 一个模糊边界，拉近人与空间场地的村落软广场。”
审稿编辑：Maggie
更多 Read more about: 朱小地建筑设计事务所（北京）有限公司
是不是缺少一些可以坐的设施？