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BO Landscape Architects：“花园是根据该地区和总体自然景观预先设计的。一进入花园，映入眼帘的是一片郁郁葱葱的绿草垫，就像一座漂亮的小山。小山的四角栽种了几丛三角梅灌木，修剪成草山的圆顶形状。在草丘的后面，是另一片棱角分明的草地，草地上有三个花坛，其中一个花坛里种着美丽的玫瑰花丛，花朵繁盛，十分显眼；其余的花坛里种着时令花卉。在这片土地的东部边界，有一些香蒲植物点缀着一个装饰性的池塘，池塘隐藏在丰富多彩的植被中。一条清澈的小溪从裂开的岩石中喷涌而出，涓涓细流在蜿蜒曲折的岩石沟渠中欢快地流淌。溪水被岩石吞没，又在岩石间重新汇聚，最终落入采石池塘。池塘两岸由一座装饰石桥相连。花园内还有一个仙人掌种植区，该区域由当地石头砌筑而成，与当地环境十分和谐。”（景观设计师 Moshe Kvashni 的描述，摘自拉马特甘市政府 1937 年的报告。）
虽然我已无缘见到景观设计师 Moshe Kvashni 本人，但我对他的工作非常感兴趣。我们在翻新公园的工作过程中接触到了他的创作和他在 1937 年对公园的描述。Kvashni 的描述多侧重于表达游客看到公园时的感受。他对草地、植物、树木和水的描述，让人几乎可以感受到花园的宁静氛围。
BO Landscape Architects：“The garden was installed with a predetermined plan in mind, tailored to the area and the general natural landscape. On entering the garden, there is a lush carpet of green grass shaped like a pretty hill. Groups of natal plum shrubs are planted in its corners, pruned into the dome-like shape of the grassy hill. Beyond it, another grassy area, straight and angular, containing three flower beds, one of them with beautiful rose bushes, prominent in their abundance of flowers. The rest of the flower beds contain seasonal flowers. In the eastern border of the land there are cattail plants adorning a decorative pond hidden in rich multihued vegetation. A clear brook erupts from a split rock and trickles in a lively stream and pleasant gurgle into winding rock channels. The stream is swallowed and resurfaces between the rocks, and eventually falls into the quarried pond. The two shores of the pond are connected by a decorative stone bridge. The garden contains a cactus area that is built with local stones for complete harmony with the place.” (Description by landscape architect Moshe Kvashni, from the Ramat Gan Municipality’s 1937 Council Report)
While not having been privileged to have met Landscape Arch. Moshe Kvashni personally, we were exposed to his creative work and his 1937’s descriptions during our work renovating the Park. Kvashni’s descriptions refer to the experience visitors have the moment they see the park. He describes the grass, the plants, trees and water, making it almost possible to feel the serene effect of the garden.
▽项目视频 The video
一群游荡的金鱼 “A school of wandering goldfish”
绍尔公园（Shaul Park）是建筑师理查德-考夫曼（Richard Kauffmann）在 1922 年拉马特甘市总体规划中指定的山顶花园之一。考夫曼希望高出平地的土质山丘能够成为城市的绿肺。20 世纪 30 年代末，城市工程师拉斐尔-梅吉多（Rafael Megiddo）和景观设计师摩西-克瓦什尼（Moshe Kvashni）在当时名为杰贝勒哈拉米亚（Jebel al-Haramiya）的山上设计了这座公园。该公园占地 25 德南（25000 平方米），于 1937 年落成，并命名为总统公园，以纪念世界犹太复国主义组织（WZO）的领导者。1943 年，诗人绍尔·切尔尼霍夫斯基（Shaul Tchernachovsky）去世后，公园更名为绍尔公园（Gan Shaul）。
指导摩西-克瓦什尼规划拉马特甘花园的世界观是将花园整体视为一件由形状、色调和声音组成的艺术品。规划基于几个核心原则，根据地形、位置和地貌，以不同的强度在每个花园中重复出现。设计城市花园的一个主要原则是可持续设计，即“尽量减少管理和维护花园的工作量，同时节约使用水资源”。
The Shaul Park is one of the summit gardens designated by architect Richard Kauffmann in his master plan for the city of Ramat Gan in 1922. Kauffmann wanted the aeolian hills above the flat lands to be the green lungs of the city. The park was designed in the late 1930s, on a hill then called Jebel al-Haramiya, by city engineer Rafael Megiddo and landscape architect Moshe Kvashni. The garden, which sprawled across 25 dunams (25000 square meters), was inaugurated in 1937 and named Presidents’ Park in honor of the presidents of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). Its name was changed after the death of poet Shaul Tchernachovsky in 1943 to the Shaul Park – Gan Shaul.
The worldview guiding Moshe Kvashni in planning the gardens of Ramat Gan was viewing the garden in its entirety as a work of art comprised of shapes, shades, and sounds. The plan was based on a few central principles that repeat themselves with differing intensity in every garden, according to the terrain, location and topography of the land. A leading principle in designing the city’s gardens was sustainable design via “minimal days of work for managing the garden and maintaining it, while using water diligently.”(Ibid.).
20 世纪 40 年代，受英国风景园林的启发，以色列兴起了规划潮流，允许自由设计各种水体景观，如湖泊、溪流、瀑布、池塘或喷泉，并将它们打造为城市园林的标志性景观。
1937 年，市政报告对这座历史花园的结构、池塘以及花园的精神进行了详尽的描述，而花园的精神就蕴藏在花园的各个组成部分中：“仙人掌种植区外的斜坡上种植着各种花卉，斜坡上还铺着一层草毯，上面摆放着白色的花坛，其间散落着几条小路，通向阴凉的松树林。花园西边是一个装饰灌木区——各种灌木丛四季交替开花，颜色各异，香气扑鼻。在这个角落附近，隐藏在树影中的是一个用石头砌成的小池塘以及一个喷泉，喷出的水柱在阳光下闪闪发光。绿色的池水中盛开着各种水生植物、蕨类植物、纸莎草和睡莲。池中还有一群游荡的金鱼，它们游来游去，亲密无间。在黎明和黄昏时分，成群的鸟儿还会在清凉的池水中欢快地畅游。”
The planning trend that developed in Israel in the 1940’s, inspired by the English landscape garden, allowed a freedom of design of a variety of bodies of water shaped like lakes, streams, waterfalls, ponds or fountains. These were used to create landmarks in the city’s gardens.
The 1937 Municipality report comprises a magnificent description of the structure of the historical garden, its pond, and the spirit of the garden, which stemmed from the ensemble of its components: “Beyond the cactus area, various flowers are planted on the slope, where again there is a carpet of grass with beds of white flowers. From this corner there are several paths that lead into a shady pine grove. On the western border of the garden is an area of decorative shrubs – a diverse collection of various bushes that flower and bloom alternately throughout the seasons and are exceptional in their various colors and scents. Near this corner, hidden in the shadow of trees is a modest pond made of stone, and a fountain spraying sparkling water jets upward. Its green waters bloom with various aquatic plants, ferns, papyri and water lilies. In the pool there is a school of wandering goldfish, swimming around and making love. At dawn and dusk, flocks of joyful birds take dips it the cool, refreshing water with bright gladness.”
如何保留一种体验？ How can we preserve an experience?
在我们一开始提出各种设计方案时，面临的主要问题是我们将如何对花园进行干预，保留什么？舍弃什么？这座公园自建成以来经历了诸多变化：最初的游乐场消失了；池塘几经变迁，最终消失，取而代之的是一个新的游乐场，边上还修建了一个市政水库。多年来，这里的植被也发生了许多变化。花园脚下最终建起了一个宠物动物园，这就是后来广为人知的“猴子公园”，它给拉马特甘和周边地区的孩子们留下了许多美好的回忆。现在，这个动物园也已不复存在，除了一个鸽舍的基座外，什么都没有留下。此外，过去规划的各种人行道和斜坡也不再符合今天的无障碍规定。
The main question raised while considering the various design alternatives we presented in the beginning was, how were we going to intervene in the garden, what to preserve and what to release. The park underwent many changes since its beginnings. The original playgrounds disappeared. The pond changed its face several times until it finally disappeared, to be replaced with a new playground area. The size shrunk, and on its borders a municipal reservoir was constructed. The vegetation underwent many changes over the years. A petting zoo was eventually established at the foot of the garden, which later resulted in the popular name of the “Monkey Park,” generating many delightful memories for the children of Ramat Gan and the surrounding area. This zoo is also gone now, and apart from the base of a dovecote, nothing of it remains. Moreover, the various pavements and inclines that existed then do not comply with today’s accessibility regulations.
▽公园的历史变迁 The Historical Changes of Parks
我们借助文献资料和实地考察绘制出了历史花园的所有残留部分：树木、小径、石墙、古老的植物群、多肉植物、人行道和台阶。我们还查看历史照片，从中发现了一些未能经受时间考验的有趣细节——木栏杆、装饰着攀缘植物的木凉亭、小石桥以及由岩石和水生植物环绕的装饰性池塘。
诸多描述表示，花园是一个漫步和探秘的地方，具有重要的保护价值。我们对公园进行更新设计的核心则是保留花园的几个物理组成部分，重塑沿着小路漫步时的感觉、探索的感觉、第一次看到池塘时的惊喜感、潺潺的流水声以及花园给人带来的宁静感受和体验。
With the help of the documentation file and walk-throughs of the area, we mapped all the components remaining from the historical garden: trees, paths, stone walls, clusters of old plants, succulents, pavements, and stairs. We examined historical photographs, in which we found several interesting details that did not survive the test of time – wooden railings, wooden gazebos adorned with climbing plants, little stone bridges and the decorative pond surrounded by rocks and aquatic plants.
The various descriptions of the garden as a place of wandering and discovery of secret nooks served as a core principle in our work with a major, important preservation value. The same feeling of walking along the paths, the feelings of discovery, the surprise revealing itself when first looking at the pond, the gurgling streaming cascade of water, and the serene feeling the garden instills – all of these sensations and experiences, alongside several physical components we chose to preserve, were at the heart of our renewal design for the park.
重塑河床 Back to the streambed
公园的改造分为三个阶段，其中第一阶段已向公众开放。改造的范围为水塔脚下延伸的区域，包括历史入口、草坪、池塘、石桥，以及对多肉植物和所有树木的保护。第二阶段即将实施，包括规划各种游乐设施：大龄儿童区、幼儿区、户外运动器械、秋千区以及水库顶上的滑梯斜坡。第三阶段包括花园东部和北面斜坡——在城市中心为天然绿肺预留的广阔区域。
随着第一阶段的完成，现在已经可以看到我们计划在历史装饰性池塘所在位置修建的河床和鱼池。我们在溪流上重建了一座弧形小桥，它能让人想起历史照片中的石桥，也成为了居民们热衷打卡的地方。花园四周环绕着柔软的丘陵草坪，一些多肉植物被保留在原来的位置，而其他的植物则被移植到承包商指定的区域，并在施工期过程中被保留下来。这些植物不久将被种植到整个花园中。
The first of the three stages for the park renovation is open to the public. it includes the upper southwest corner of the hill. The area extending from the foot of the water tower includes the historical entrance, lawns, pond, stone bridge, and the preservation of the succulents and all of the trees. The second stage, which will soon be implemented, includes the planning of various playground facilities: An area for older children, an area for toddlers, outdoor exercise machines, a swing area, and a slope for slides atop the roof of the reservoir, an area that remains bare since trees cannot be planted over it. The third stage will include the eastern and northern slopes of the garden – an extensive zone reserved for a natural green lung in the heart of the city.
Now, while the first stage is completed, you can already see the streambed and the fishpond we planned in the spot where the historical decorative pond once stood. We reconstructed a small, rounded bridge that stretches above the stream, which evokes the stone bridge from the historical photographs, on which residents often enjoyed having their pictures taken. Soft hilly lawns surround the garden from all directions. Several of the succulents were preserved in their original location, and those that did not were transplanted and preserved for the construction period in an area designated by the contractor. These will soon be planted throughout the garden.
我们按照原来的细节建造了石墙和石板路。在栏杆和凉亭的设计上，我们希望再现历史照片中存在的木板，同时在符合安全规定的前提下，将其与钢材相结合。
The stone walls and pavements were built according to the original details. In the details of the railings and gazebos, we wished to evoke the wooden planks we saw in the historical photographs while integrating them with steel details, in compliance with safety regulations.
▽凉亭与栏杆设计图纸 The details of the railings and gazebos
▽木材与钢材相结合 – 栏杆 Combining Wood and Steel – Railing
▽木材与钢材相结合 – 凉亭 Combining Wood and Steel – Gazebos
设计突出了场地所拥有的开阔视野，并在一棵大树的树荫下建造了一个可以俯瞰树群的观景台。为了强调自然体验，我们还在斜坡上修建了楼梯和平台，尽量避免加装栏杆，以开阔花园和城市的视野。
我们在公园里种植了更多的树木，其中一些延续了设计师 Kvashni 最初的种植方案，另一些则是新种植的。除了原有的松树外，我们还计划种植石松、角豆树和无花果等果树以及其他遮荫树。我们在池塘边种植了垂柳，并在其中种植了净化水质的水生植物；还种植了各种与历史描述中类似的开花植物，以及各种草本植物。
We emphasized the locations with extended views of the landscape and created a scenic viewpoint in the shade of a carob tree that overlooks a group of eucalyptus trees. To emphasize a natural experience, we built stairs and platforms on inclines to avoid adding railings as much as possible and to open up the view to the garden and city.
Additional trees were planted in the park – some continuing Kvashni’s original planting line, and others are new. We planned the planting of stone pines, in addition to the original pines, and fruit trees such as carob and fig, among other shade trees. Along the pond we planted a weeping willow, and in it, aquatic plants for purifying the water. We also planted a variety of flowering plants similar to those in the historical descriptions, as well as various herbs.
“……花园规划的精髓在于赋予其功能并使其具有吸引力，它应该给经过或坐在其中的人带来舒适和宁静的感觉。花园规划的成功与否取决于游客对花园的印象，他们是否被花园的景象所打动，是否感受到欢乐、喜悦、兴奋或平静。也就是说，他们不仅要看到美丽的画面，还要感受到某种情绪，如大自然不断变化的景象，日出、日落、暴风雨等等。”（摘自：Kvashni, Moshe, How did I design 50 gardens? Ramat Gan Chronicle 97, Jan 1959, sec. 1358, p.11）
我们希望，我们本着历史花园的精神为绍尔公园添加的新景观，以及对其早期部分内容的保留，将继续为游客带来摩西-克瓦什尼在其最初设计中描述的体验和感受。该公园向游客开放，希望它能重新成为拉马特甘中心的一个繁华而热闹的公园。
“… the essence of planning a garden is making it useful and inviting; it should radiate a sense of comfort and serenity in those who pass through or sit in it. The success of garden planning is determined according to the impression on its visitor; if they are impressed by the sight of the garden and feel joy, festivity, excitement or calmness. That is – they must not only see pretty images, but also must feel certain emotions like the changing images of nature; sunrise, sunset, storm, and more.” (From: Kvashni, Moshe, “How did I design 50 gardens? Ramat Gan Chronicle 97, Jan 1959, sec. 1358, p.11)
We hope the new layer we added to the Shaul Park, in the spirit of the historical garden, and the preservation of some of its early components, will continue to provide visitors with the experiences and sensations described by Moshe Kvashni in his initial design. The site is open to visitors, with the aspiration and hope of it returning to be a central, busy and bustling park in Ramat Gan.
▽平面图 Plan
项目名称：Shaul park
项目地点：以色列 Ramat Gan
竣工年份：2023年
总建筑面积：一期 8000平方米
建筑师事务所：BO Landscape Architects、Beeri Ben Shalom 和 Orna Ben Zioni
客户：Ramat Gan municipality
监理建筑师：Landscape Arch. Idit Israel.
规划团队：Landscape Arch. Idit Shahaf Zakai, Arch. Danny Guinness
施工：Nessi Levi、EBN Construction Management
施工单位：Eran Livni Ltd.
图片来源：Yoav Peled
摄影师网站：http://peledstudios.com/
视频字幕：Yoav Peled
特别感谢 Landscape Arch. Sagit Koren，Preservation Arch. Michel Weston Laor 和 Preservation Eng. Yardena Etgar 在整个过程中的指导和专业支持。
Project name: Shaul park
Project location: Ramat Gan, Israel
Completion Year: 2023
Gross Built : Phase a 8000 square meters
Architect’s Firm: BO Landscape Architects, Beeri Ben Shalom and Orna Ben Zioni
Client: Ramat Gan municipality
Supervising architect: Landscape Arch. Idit Israel.
Planning team: Landscape Arch. Idit Shahaf Zakai, Arch. Danny Guinness
Construction: Nessi Levi, EBN Construction Management
Construction contractor: Eran Livni Ltd.
Photo credits: Yoav Peled
Photographer’s website: http://peledstudios.com/
Video credits: Yoav Peled
Special thanks to Landscape Arch. Sagit Koren, Preservation Arch. Michel Weston Laor, and Preservation Eng. Yardena Etgar for their mentoring and professional support throughout the entire process.
“ 花园规划的精髓在于赋予其功能并使其具有吸引力，它应该给经过或坐在其中的人带来舒适和宁静的感觉。”
审稿编辑: SIM
更多 Read more about: BO Landscape Architects
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