Bunkeren by James Stockwell Architect

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James Stockwell Architect ：在纽卡斯尔南郊怀特布里奇（Whitebridge）的闲置地上，混凝土建筑Bunkeren巧妙地在沿海之地上坐落着。项目体现了设计对混凝土质地和形式的研究，最终落成的效果令人眼前一亮。Bunkeren不只有精雕细琢的细节和引人注目的混凝土悬臂，其核心在于它试图积极地弱化建筑本身的物体特质，转而营造出一种模糊的、以景观为主导的探索和居住空间。

James Stockwell Architect: The earth-filled concrete plates of Bunkeren are balanced carefully on a coastal site within the unceded lands of the Awabakal People, in Whitebridge, a southern suburb of Newcastle. The project is an incredibly photogenic study in concrete textures and form, containing subtle nods to the kinds of architectural references one might expect from a collaboration between experienced architect James Stockwell and Danish-Australian clients with an eye for design. Despite this, Bunkeren is more than finely crafted details and dramatic concrete cantilevers. At its heart, the building is an attempt to actively dismantle the object qualities of the architecture in favour of ambiguous, landscape-driven spaces of discovery and inhabitation.

▽项目鸟瞰 Aerial view of the project

该项目所处的地块坡度很大，可以欣赏到壮观的丛林和海景，这同时也是一个新的契机，通过优先考虑场地与周边景观的连接来挑战更传统的建筑体量策略，这亦是对地块现有流线的尊重。设计师James认为：”通常情况下，人们只是把建筑建在场地中央，然后穿过山坡去看风景，这样就会阻断自然系统。我们的项目规划意在为了让水和野生动物能够环绕、流经场地，建筑有一部分体量是掘进场地的，我们期望在这样一个陡峭的地方，动物和水都可以不受阻碍地通过，同时居者也能在平地上自然地从室内走向室外。当人们为了赏景而把房子建得很高时，房屋前后空间的利用也就更加不易。”

At the same time, however, The project’s location on a dramatic sloping site with spectacular bushland and ocean views also provided a unique opportunity to challenge more conventional massing strategies by prioritising connections to the immediate landscape, something James sees as respecting a set of existing flows through the site. “Often people just build bang in the middle of a site and then across the contour to see the view, and that blocks off the natural systems. The way we set up this plan is really to allow passages of water and wildlife through and around. The building is partially dug-in but the idea is that, if you’re on a steep site like this, there’s a journey to be made by animals yourself and by water. It also gives you the ability to go from inside to outside on level ground. When people build up high to look at the view, they can’t easily make use of the spaces behind and in front of the house.”

这栋坡地住宅除了一个包含入口和主卧室的小空间外，几乎完全掩盖了旁侧的街道。虽然项目才落成不久，但混凝土板中的花园已经开始发挥它的作用，成为将建筑与广阔远景连接在一起的屏障。设计师James从最初的场地考察中了解到，项目虽地处沿海，会受到一些强风和暴雨的影响，但其位于岬角之间的地理位置同样为其提供了一定的保护：”我第一次来到这里的时候就发现，这儿的植物生长得很好”。在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的殖民时期，该地区开发建设了大型植物园Mr Bull’s Garden，园内种植了从全球各地引进的植物。

Nestled into the hillside, traces of the building are almost completely camouflaged from the street, save for a small volume containing the entrance and main bedroom. Though it has been barely a year since the project’s completion, the gardens contained within the concrete plates are already beginning to fulfil their role as shrouds that stitch the building together with the wider landscape. As James understood from his initial visits, while the site’s coastal aspect exposes it to some of the stronger winds and rainstorms that move across the region, its situation between the headlands also offers some protection: “It was evident when I visited for the first time that things grow well here.” The fertile microclimate of the gully was exploited during the more recent colonial history of the area in the late 19th and early 20th century with the development of Mr Bull’s Garden, a large botanical garden containing imported plants from across the globe.

以“介绍景观，而不是介绍房屋”为设计理念，Bunkeren让人联想到进入花园的感觉。从当地动植物群中汲取灵感，将现有的生态系统延伸到房屋的混凝土结构上。屋顶花园与周围的灌木丛相映成趣，其上种植着一些本土植物，如异木麻黄、班克木和黄脂木等。从上层进入屋内，一面弧形混凝土墙将主卧、套房和步入式衣帽间隔开，引导访客沿楼梯下到一层。Bunkeren既坐落在地表之上，又嵌入地面之中，顺着倾斜的地势逐渐展开。James解释道：”我非常喜欢那些让地表变得模糊的设计思路，这会让人觉得建筑一半在土地中，一半在土地上，随着时间的推移，这种模糊的感觉会得到强化。

Providing “an introduction to the landscape, and not the house” on approach, Bunkeren recalls this experience of a descent into a garden but takes its cues from the local flora and fauna of the site context in order to extend the existing ecosystem over the house’s concrete structure. Mirroring the surrounding bushland, the roof gardens contain local species such as Allocasuarina, prostrate banksia and Xanthorrhoea. Entering the house on the upper level, a curved concrete wall screens the main bedroom, ensuite and walk-in robe, guiding visitors down the stairs to the ground floor. Unfolding gradually down the sloping site, in truth, Bunkeren is a series of ground floors that simultaneously register as both on the ground and within it. This is deliberately so: “I really like the idea of making the ground plane ambiguous, and so you’re sort of half in the land and half on it and, in time, that becomes even more ambiguous and more blurred,” James explains.

Bunkeren是一栋相对大体量的住宅，拥有五间卧室和工作室，专为一对夫妇及其四个年幼的孩子设计，同时也为邻里关系密切的大家庭提供定期聚餐的场所。住宅的主厨房、餐厅和起居室采用宽敞的L型设计，从入口楼梯的底部向远处海景方向延伸。左侧沿着轮廓线布置的是儿童卧房和浴室，在住宅主体两翼的交汇处，可以通过滑动面板或敞开式门板分隔出一个可调整的起居室或书房，以缓和私人空间与公共空间之间的流通路径。厨房后面是一系列较小的储藏室和书房，视线穿过公共区域的下沉式栏杆，可以将Dudley海滩的美景尽收眼底。栏杆在楼面以下 900 毫米处形成了一条隐蔽的通道，就像是一条人造“护城河”，孩子们常会在此玩游戏。

A relatively large house, Bunkeren is a five-bedroom home and studio, designed for a couple and their four young children as well as to accommodate regular gatherings and meals with close-knit extended family in the area. Part of a generous, L-shaped plan, the project’s main kitchen, dining and living spaces stretch out towards the ocean views from the bottom of the entry stair. To the left, tracking along the contour are the children’s bedrooms and bathroom. At the intersection of these main wings of the home, an adaptable sitting room or study can be generated through sliding panels or left open to soften or buffer the circulation paths between private and communal spaces. Tucked behind the kitchen are a series of smaller storage and study spaces, leaving a set of communal spaces with an uninterrupted view of Dudley Beach afforded by a sunken balustrade that creates a hidden channel 900 millimetres below floor level. This channel, currently functioning as a popular hidden passage for children’s games, has been imagined as another planted “moat”.

在宽敞连续的建筑跨度上，公共区域的海岸线美景一览无余，屋内精致的吊灯形成温暖的光池，强化了家庭氛围及住宅功能。设计通过采用在平面上打断的方式，让景观在项目中流动。从北面露台可以进入一个被景观环绕的抬高式混凝土水池，它将主屋与客用工作室分隔开来，客用工作室由卧室、起居室和浴室组成。在进入南边的下沉式休息室之前，一个不起眼的窄楼梯将厨房与住宅的最低处连接起来，这也是Bunkeren与地面的另一种联系。后部石室，顾名思义，是直接从贯穿整个场地的砂砾岩上雕刻而成的。

Across the generous, uninterrupted spans across the building that allow the communal areas to take in sweeping views of the coastline, a delicate field of pendant lights have been used to generate warm pools of light that reinforce the domestic scale of the project and its function as a family home. The design uses breaks in the plan to allow the landscape to flow through the project. Accessible from the north terrace is a raised concrete pool, surrounded by landscape, that separates the main house from a self-contained guest studio, which comprises a bedroom, sitting room and bathroom. Along the southern edge of the plan, prior to stepping down into the sunken lounge space, an unassuming narrow stair connects the kitchen to the lowest part of the house and yet another kind of connection to the ground that Bunkeren sits within. The back of the stone room is, as its name suggests, carved directly from the sandy conglomerate rock that runs through the site.

在房屋主层的各个空间中，制作精美的混凝土墙和混凝土板似乎就悬浮在山坡边缘之外，一条狭窄的玻璃 “护城河 “将它们分隔开来，透过屋顶景观滤下的光线，玻璃“护城河”看起来正冲刷着旁侧的挡土墙。在石室的下层空间——地窖和家庭聚餐房间，精致的墙壁完全倚靠在自然岩石和泥土之上，这些房间给人的感觉就像是一个秘密空间，一旦被人发现，住宅的内部情况及其与外部土地的联系就会被揭示出来。

Throughout the spaces on the main level of the house, the beautifully crafted concrete walls and plates appear to hover just beyond the edge of the hillside, carefully separated by a narrow glass “moat” that washes the retaining wall in light filtered through the roof landscape. In the lower space of the stone room—a cellar and room for special family dinners—these refined walls come to rest completely on rock and earth. The room feels almost like a secret space that, upon discovery, reveals the inner workings of the project and the extent of its entanglement with the earth.

Bunkeren除了是一个备受喜爱的家庭住宅之外，也可以被看作是一份草图，一处残垣断壁，它在慢慢变得更加完整的同时，也逐渐被其所在地的植物、动物和水流所开垦。

In addition to being a much-loved family home, Bunkeren is both a sketch and a ruin, slowly becoming more finished at the same time as being gradually reclaimed by the flora, fauna and flows of its site.