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水石设计：云南呈贡卧龙村是一个以历史保护和文化传承为目的的改造项目，项目原址是一个拥有600多年历史的小渔村，通过策划、更新及功能置换，成为该地区传承昆明传统文化的典范。项目突出三个方面的特色，首先，以景观思维统筹了规划、建筑、室内等多专业，联手以实现村落复兴的抱负；其次，改造充分尊重历史文化，在保留原有建筑遗迹和人文情怀的基础上，与当代生活功能充分结合，为当代人所使用；再者，设计师用心强调古今对话，包括新旧建筑之间的视觉联系，古村落与现代城市的沟通等。新旧并置的方式既协调又对比，在现代城市中描绘出一幅田园画卷般的古村落场景空间，具有极高的美学价值。
SHUISHI: Wolong Village in Chenggong District of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, is a renovation project for historical protection and cultural inheritance. The original site of the project was a small fishing village with a history of more than 600 years. Through planning, renewal and function replacement, it will become a model of inheriting the traditional culture of Kunming in the region. The project highlights three distinctive features. First, it coordinates the disciplines of planning, architecture, and the interior with the landscape thinking, to jointly realize the ambition of village revival. Second, it shows full respect for the history and culture, which on the basis of preserving the original architectural relics and humanistic feelings, fully integrates with the functions of contemporary life, for the benefits of people today. Third, the designer attentively emphasizes dialogue between the ancient and modern times, including visual connections between the old and new buildings, and communication between the ancient village and modern city. The way of juxtaposing the old and the new is both harmonious and comparative, depicting an idyllic ancient village scene in the modern city, with extremely high aesthetic value.
当代卧龙村以历史文化为载体，将历史文化资源与当代社会需求相结合，通过展示地域文化，体验休闲文化，促进研学创意，释放文化价值，力争成为中国古村落保护与活化的典范与文旅标杆。
Taking history and culture as the carrier, Wolong Village today integrates historical and cultural resources with the needs of contemporary society. By displaying the regional culture, experiencing the leisure culture, promoting research creativity, and releasing cultural value, it manages to become a model for the protection and activation of ancient villages and a benchmark of cultural tourism in China.
项目背景 Project Background
卧龙村位于云南省昆明市呈贡区滇池东岸，占地面积20800平方米，自明初至今约有600 多年历史。整个村落西倚七星山，该区域原为滇池内港，是呈贡八景之一“渔浦星灯”场景所在地，也是昆明传统文化腹地和文化记忆的传承地。这里不仅有昆明传统的“一颗印”“三合院”“走马转角楼”等民居，还有清代、民国时期的古建筑等共计270 余栋。
Wolong Village, located on the east bank of Dianchi Lake in Chenggong District of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, covers an area of 20,800 square meters. It has a history of more than 600 years since it was founded in the early Ming Dynasty. The village leans against Qixing Mountain in the west. This area, used to be the inner port of Dianchi Lake, hosts the scene of Yu Pu Xing Deng, one of the eight sights of Chenggong. It is also the central area of the traditional culture and the place of inheritance of the cultural memory of Kunming. It is home to over 270 traditional residential houses of Kunming, such as the “seal-shaped house”, “three-section compound” and “walking-horse corner building”, as well as ancient buildings of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period.
▽村落鸟瞰 Aerial view
1.核心思想 Core Idea
卧龙村的历史文化、自然风貌情景只有叠加在当代生活的功能基础上，才具备为当代人所再利用的最大价值。原真性、整体风貌以及生活延续性是古村落保护的三个重要方面。
卧龙村作为历史街区，不但有构成历史风貌的文物古迹、历史建筑，还有构成整体风貌的其他要素，如街巷、院墙、沟渠、驳岸乃至古树、古井等。织补与重塑老建筑时，设计团队用传统手工艺方式来延续渔村的特色。
Only when the history, culture and natural landscape of Wolong Village are superimposed on the functions of contemporary life, can it have the greatest value of reuse for people today. Authenticity, overall style and life continuity are three important aspects of the protection of the ancient village.
As a historical block, Wolong Village has not only cultural relics and historical buildings that constitute the historical features, but also other elements that make up the overall style, such as alleys, courtyard walls, ditches, revetments, and even ancient trees and ancient wells. When mending and reshaping the old buildings, the design team applies traditional handicrafts methods to extend the characteristics of the fishing village.
古村落的再生不是让当代人回到过去的生活，而是指向具有延续性，且提供更高品质的当代生活。卧龙村的最大价值是体现于历史风貌与高品质、高舒适度的结合。最好的保护就是良好的活化与有品质的再利用。
The renewal of the ancient village is not to bring people today back to the past life, but to provide a modern life of continuity and higher quality. The greatest value of Wolong Village is reflected in the integration of historical features, high quality and high comfort. The best protection is good activation and quality reuse.
2.景观联合多专业合作 Landscape Joint Multi-disciplinary Cooperation
古村落再生是一个集聚多元视角，综合度很高的领域。设计团队综合社会、经济、文化、空间等多维度，并以景观为主体做古村落保护与活化的整体考量，将历史街巷的织补、建筑风貌的修复、景观空间的重构并置设计，打破多专业并行，以景观串联规划、建筑、室内，最大程度呈现卧龙村的历史文化气质，并将其打造为生态、文化、功能为一体的露天博物馆。
The renewal of ancient villages is a field of multiple perspectives and high comprehensiveness. The design team integrates the social, economic, cultural, and spatial dimensions, and takes landscape as the subject in overall consideration of the protection and activation of the ancient village. It makes no exception in the design of the mending of historical alleys, the restoration of architectural styles, and the reconstruction of landscape space. It breaks the multi-specialty parallel pattern, and connects planning, architecture and the interior with landscape, to maximize the historical and cultural temperament of Wolong Village, and build it into an open-air museum integrating ecology, culture and functions.
3.历史文化的传承 Historical and cultural inheritance
历史文化的情景重现是遵循形制与风貌的修缮，而古村落的再造则是重构村落的新生活。
建设营造的重点是材料、工艺和设计。以传统材料与工艺的传统设计为主，局部采用现代设计，是本项目技术层面的主要策略。基于对现状历史肌理的尊重与保护，设计团队研发出土坯墙的保护办法、土坯砖的制作工艺，木构架做旧工艺，为古村落整体风貌的协调统一奠定了基础。而老物件和当地材料的再利用则为村落留下了过去多彩的生活印记。
传统的建筑形式制约着当代功能需求。随着生活方式的转变，建筑形式也会发生变化。通过重构建筑形式，对其局部进行改造，以满足现代需求，在延续传统功能的同时，发展多元功能的可行性。
The scene representation of history and culture is to follow the original shape, structure and style in the repair, while the reconstruction of an ancient village is to rebuild a new life in the village.
The priority of the construction is the materials, technology and design. The main technical strategy of this project is to adopt the traditional design with traditional materials and processes, while applying modern design in some parts. Based on the respect and protection of the existing historical textures, the design team develops a method for the protection of adobe walls, a technology for the production of adobe bricks, and a technique adding antique finish to the wooden frames, which lays a foundation for the coordination and unity of the overall style of the ancient village. The reuse of old objects and local materials has left marks recording the colorful life in the past.
The traditional architectural forms restrict the contemporary functional needs. As the lifestyle changes, the architectural forms will also change. By reconstructing the architectural forms, we may modify parts of them to meet the modern needs and develop the feasibility of multiple functions while extending the traditional functions.
▽保留具有文化特色土胚建筑 Preserve the soil embryo building with cultural characteristics
4.新老一代的生活延续 Extension of Life of New and Old Generations
生活方式的时代变化，造就了新村落生活方式的变化，也造就了新的村民。老村民回到一个似曾相似的环境，有了精神的归宿，同时为新村民展示古村落的文化与民俗习惯，精神得以延续。景观动线也是一条历史故事的游览线，茶亭、书斋、古宅皆是展示的一部分。行走在其中的人们，将这座古民居博物馆装进了心里，这是属于老昆明的记忆。改造不仅带来了生活质量的改变，更重要的是日益增长的家乡归属感与身份认同。
The change of lifestyle in the era has led to changes in new village lifestyle, and created new villagers. When old villagers return to a similar environment, they cherish a spiritual home. At the same time, it shows the culture and folk customs of the ancient village to new villagers, and the spirit lives on. The scenery foot traffic is also a tour line of historical stories, where tea pavilions, studies, and ancient houses are all parts of the display. People walking along the line will take this museum of ancient dwellings into their hearts. This is a memory of old Kunming. The renewal will not only bring about changes to the quality of life, but more importantly, a growing sense of belonging and identity of the hometown.
▽历史的文化习俗展示 Historical display of cultural customs
5.新旧场景的对话 Dialogue of Old and New Scenes
随着生活方式的转变，不仅需要对建筑使用功能需求进行变化，也需要重构完整的空间肌理和场景。
改造后的卧龙村特点是新旧并置。在村子的每一个角落，皆能看到新老场景的交相辉映。设计师用三种设计手法来强调新与旧的对话：对保留遗产建筑的结构加固、对改造部分沿用古法构建新场景空间、对新建部分运用新材料展现传统建筑内核。新的部分是从老的村庄中生长出来的，它们生于自然并融于自然。所谓“新的回归”不是对过去的简单重复，而是对过往知识与经验的总结与迭代。
Following the change of lifestyle, it is not only necessary to transform the functions of buildings, but also to reconstruct complete spatial textures and scenes.
The renovated Wolong Village is characterized by the juxtaposition of both the old and the new. In every corner of the village, we can see the new and old scenes add radiance to each other. The designer applies three design techniques to emphasize the dialogue between the new and old: strengthen the structure of the preserved heritage buildings, build new scene space for the reconstructed parts with the ancient methods, and show the core of traditional buildings for the new buildings with new materials. The new buildings grow out of the old village. They are born into nature and are incorporated into nature. The “new return” is not a simple repetition of the past, but a summary and iteration of the past knowledge and experience.
与此同时，传统的民居空间也在更新。设计师基于昆明的地域气候特点，通过亭廊、大树、屋檐等为村民提供更多的“廊下空间”，为未来的使用营造更多的可能性。此外，历史街巷的景观化处理设计，使得村落、水景、花园里都蕴含老街巷的“遗迹”，打造质朴野趣的自然村落景观。景观设计师用抛石勾勒出场地原有宅院的轮廓，来打造“遗迹花园”，还村落的旧肌理与老场景。
At the same time, the traditional residential space is also being updated. Based on the regional climate characteristics of Kunming, the designer provides more “corridor space” for the villagers through pavilions, trees and eaves, creating more possibilities for the future use. In addition, the landscape-oriented design of the historical alleys enables the village, waterscape and gardens to host “relics” of the old alleys, shaping a natural village landscape of plain, rustic charms. The landscape designer sketches the outline of the original houses with pell-mell rubbles to create a “relics garden”, and restore the old textures and scenes of the village.
▽更新后的村落美景 The updated village scenery
水塘的置入贯通了村落的水网体系，连通乌龙大沟、湿地与滇池，是水体净化流程中的重要一环。其次，水塘丰富了原有场地的地貌特征，为动植物提供新的栖息环境。该空间为村民提供了一个除居住、生产外的日常活动交流场所。
The placement of the pond links up the water network system of the village. Connecting the Wolong Big Ditch, wetland and Dianchi Lake, the pond becomes an important part of the water purification process. Besides, it enriches the geomorphic features of the original site and provides a new habitat environment for animals and plants. The space furnishes a place for daily activities other than living and production.
在卧龙村，诸多新旧结合的公共活动空间被打造。设计师在延续“旧”的同时让“新”得以发展，这些空间既满足当代功能，又具保留了历史文化，重构了连同建筑在内的完整空间肌理和场景。
In Wolong Village, many public activity spaces combining the old and the new have been created. While extending the “old”, the designer allows the “new” to develop. These spaces not only meet the contemporary functions, but also preserve the history and culture, reconstructing the complete spatial textures and scenes including the architectures.
项目名称：昆明华侨城卧龙古渔村
项目地点：昆明市呈贡区
项目面积：20800 m²
建成时间：2020 年 12 月
建设单位：昆明华侨城美丽乡村发展有限公司
设计单位：水石设计
工作内容：EPC设计施工一体化（规划/建筑/景观/室内/展陈）
设计团队：苏州水石传统建筑研究院 / 云南水石 / 水石工程 / 水石景观事业二部 / 水石米川工作室 / 水石EPC中心 / 水石品牌
项目摄影：王志航、王琇、Travis_Zhang
Project Name: Kunming Wolong Ancient Fishing Village
Project location: Chenggong District, Kunming City
Project area: 20800 m²
Completion date: December 2020
Construction unit: Kunming Overseas Chinese Town Beautiful Village Development Co., Ltd.
Design Unit: SHUISHI
Job content: EPC design and construction integration (planning/architecture/landscape/interior/exhibition)
Design team: Suzhou Shuishi Traditional Architecture Research Institute / Yunnan Shuishi / Shuishi Engineering / Shuishi Landscape Business Department 2 / Shuishi Michuan Studio / Shuishi EPC Center / Shuishi Brand
Project photography: Wang Zhihang, Wang Xiu, Travis_Zhang
“ 设计尊重历史文化，在保留原有建筑遗迹和人文情怀的基础上，与当代生活功能充分结合，重构了建筑与景观的空间肌理和场景，构建为当代人所使用的古村落。”
审稿编辑：Maggie
更多 Read more about：水石设计 SHUISHI
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