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VIA维亚景观：最早受朋友之托，接触这个项目是在2017年10月，当时的定位还是上海崇明岛上的乡村别墅的景观设计，同时也听说别墅建筑方案经过3、4轮的磨合也确定了。事实上，我们对一般的别墅园景设计可以说是没什么兴趣的，然而听说业主夫妇对园林文化怀有爱好与热情、建筑方案也算简洁明快，就抱着试试看的想法开始接触，但依旧拖沓了2个月并没有真正动手设计。
VIASCAPE design：Initially we were contacted in October 2017, when the project was defined as a landscape design for a country villa on Chongming Island, Shanghai. An emergency call in December 2017 accelerated the whole design process as the site had to be fenced off for future construction. Very soon we decided to initiate the whole design with the boundary wall as a start. Therefore, a concept of “designing the wall as a garden” was generated, which turned the design to an experiment of modern garden design.
▽三米园与主体建筑的对话 Dialogue between 3-meter garden and main building
▽三米园整体俯瞰 3-meter garden overall overlooking
▽融入绿化的三米园与乡间小路 Integrated into the green 3-meter garden and country path
1. 立基与对话：以墙为园的动机 Redefinition: transforming the wall into a garden
转机来自业主2017年12月的一个紧急的诉求，即：希望尽快把别墅临路的围墙做起来，以便封闭施工和管理。半天，我们就确定了以围墙作为整个外部空间塑造的起点，并提出了“以墙为园”的构思，于是整个设计就转向了与“当代造园”有关的一次实验。我们知道，明中后期以降，墙作为重要的造园元素，越来越多地出现在各类园林中，成为更斩截而高效的空间划分和景域转换方式。“墙、廊、亭、轩”交错、叠合，形成游赏主线的造园手法，渐成明清文人园的主流技能。在我们看来，这应当是本次实验的历史依据与灵感来源。
Designing the wall as a garden also provided us an opportunity to redefine the site inner structure. This linear space integrating the functions of wall and recreational space plays a leading role in this design scheme on the boundary instead of some other important places in the garden. It breaks the traditional rules of “giving priority to positioning the building when establish the garden structure” which was mentioned in Yuanye (Craft of Gardens).
▽项目区位 location
▽整体宅园平面图 Overall garden plan
▽立基与对话 Niche and dialogue
同时，“以墙为园”也给我们提供了一个全新的“立基”的机会，这个既是墙、又具有游园功能的边界空间突破了传统如《园冶》中所述的“凡园圃立基，定厅堂为主”的做法，这个从“墙垣”化身“墙园”的空间可以为整个宅园重新立基，并与别墅建筑主体形成良性的对话，而二者相对合抱中的宅园绿意（整体空间的“旷”）或许就是当代造园的“壶中天地”。
The space of “the wall garden” generated from the wall could be a new base point of the whole design, which gave rise to a dialogue with the villa building in the site. And the green space between them might finally become a contemporary Chinese “Arcadia”.
▽宅园整体园林要素系统设计分解图 House garden overall garden elements system design decomposition diagram
2. 三米构园：以3米为模数的空间折叠与趣味 Construction: folding in 3-meter module
在进行具体设计时，我们刻意避开了各种传统造园手法，转而采用简洁的当代空间方法。在这里，以类似“折纸游戏”的方式，将白色园墙在空间进行翻折和切割，并将这个翻折的范围控制在高3米、进深3米的连续空间里。
We decided to use contemporary spatial method with simplified design language rather than traditional design skills. The white garden wall was spatially folded and cut just like a paper folding game. The range of folding was strictly controlled within a continuous space of 3-meter in both height and width.
▽三米构园-从墙垣到墙园的空间游戏 3-meter garden
翻折之后，原本意义上的别墅围墙便以“空间”的姿态呈现，并包含了入园的门廊、可供短暂休憩的亭、区分内外的墙等多样的园林功能空间。同时，我们用直线、圆形对翻折后的三维界面进行的切割，则营造出了各从属空间之间的因借关系，形成了一系列随形得景中的“藏露”、“曲直”、“开合”、“高下”的园林意趣。
After folding, the wall was translated to an integrated spatial item, including the doorway which looks like a corridor, pavilion for recreation, wall to define the boundary. And we cut the folded spatial wall with straight lines and circles, thus created interlinked relations between various secondary spaces as well as the serial landscape experience including “clarity and obscurity”, “spaciousness and narrowness”, ” straight and curved” and ” up and down”.
▽三米园之门廊 The porch of the 3-meter garden
▽从落英坪看向三米园局部 Looking from the Looping Ping to the local 3-meter garden
▽夜景中的三米园与青云径 3-meter garden and Qingyun Path in night view
▽3米为空间模数折叠下随形得景 3 meters is the space modulus folding under the shape of the scene
▽三米园之亭 The pavilion of the 3-meter garden
▽空间照应的月洞 Space mirrors the moon hole
此外，确定以3米为基本空间模数也是可以被论证的。其一，乡村住宅的围墙高度是一个敏感话题，在尊重“不可压邻居一头”的风俗的同时，又要保证施工过程和未来使用中的各种车辆与设备进出方便，于是确定了3米这个高度。其二，从空间尺度上，一个4米左右（含4米以上）进深的空间已经可以成为一般意义上具有可用性的建筑空间，而这里并不需要这个进深尺度带来的更具体的功能引导；同时，一个进深过小的空间则会引发局促、临时与不稳定的感受。而3米进深的尺度却恰好处于稳定与不稳定之间的模糊地带，使得整个“墙园”在呈现园林个性的同时，也能更好的以“灰空间”的谦虚姿态融入整体宅园。于是，我们在设计中建立了基于3米的空间模数关系，我们也将这个“墙园”称为“三米园”。
In addition, it is reasonable to determine the basic spatial module of 3 meters. Firstly, the height of the wall of rural residential buildings is a sensitive topic. While respecting the custom of “not to crush the neighbor’s head”, it also needs to ensure the convenience of various vehicles and equipment in the construction process and future use, so the height of 3 meters is determined. Secondly, from the perspective of spatial scale, a space with depth of about 4 meters (including more than 4 meters) can become an architectural space with usability in a general sense, but there is no need for more specific functional guidance brought by this depth scale. At the same time, a space too small will lead to cramped, temporary and unstable feelings. However, the depth of 3 meters is just in the fuzzy zone between stability and instability, so that the whole “wall garden” not only presents the personality of the garden, but also better integrates into the whole garden with the modest attitude of “gray space”. Therefore, we established a spatial modular relationship based on 3 meters in the design, and we also called this “wall garden” “three-meter garden”.
▽从乡间小路看三米园 A view of 3-meter garden from a country road
▽三米园之回廊 The cloister of the 3-meter garden
▽三米园之月洞 The Moon Cave of 3-meter garden
▽三米园之月洞借镜 The Moon Cave in 3-meter garden
▽随形得景的自然绿意 With the shape of the scenery of the natural green
3. 内观与外观：无山之山的归园田居 Imaginary & physical landscape: an ideal Chinese garden in farmland
“三米园”的设计与介入，让整体宅园营造发生了重大的转向。处于边界位置的“三米园”仅用3米的进深就为整体空间增加了一个极有价值的游观层次，这不仅指在其间的游赏与休憩。更重要的，在主体建筑一层向外的视线上，非常集约的创造了一组空间想象上未尽的园林院落，从使用者感受层面为业主营造出了身处江南园林中“闭门既是深山”的体验，是文人园林“内观”的山中。也正是由于3米极小进深的处理，让“三米园”在主体建筑二层的视野中可以完全融入园中绿化和周边的农田景观，以期获得“守拙归园田”、“复得返自然”的质朴感受。
“The wall garden” results in a significant transformation of this residential garden design. A valuable and flexible space consisted of viewing and visiting experience is produced with merely 3-meter space in depth on the boundary. And more importantly, “the wall garden” can give an image of classic Chinese garden in visual perception and spatial imagination from the first floor perspective of main building.
▽闭门即是深山的内观 Behind closed doors is the deep mountain Vipassana
▽三米园夜景鸟瞰 Bird’s eye view of 3-meter garden at night
▽夜色下三米园形成的未尽的园林院落意象 The unfinished garden image of 3-meter garden under the night
▽三米园局部夜景 3-meter garden local night view
▽夜色下的青云径与隐约的三米园 Under the darkness of the Qingyun path and the dim 3-meter garden
▽从建筑二层的外廊望向三米园与农田景观 From the outer porch of the second floor of the building, the view of the 3-meter garden and farmland landscape
▽三米园融入园林绿化与农田景观 3-meter garden is integrated into landscape gardening and farmland landscape
▽镜池倒映山水中的三米园 The mirror pool reflects the 3-meter garden in the landscape
▽将主体建筑融入整体造园之景 Integrate the main building into the overall landscape
“园地惟山林最胜”，而崇明无山。于是，我们在整体造园中将尽可能多的大乔木、竹林与“三米园”在空间上耦合，这是位置经营的刻意为之。如此，不仅可以为主体建筑留出更开阔的视野（“旷”），也可为整个宅园在“外观”上营造出隐于山林的感受（“奥”）。而“三米园”在边界上折叠所形成的虚实结合的空间界面，则将略有“高远”之势的主体建筑在林的掩映中顺利接入农田乡野的“平远”构图。让平和的乡野山林消解设计，这是应许的环境友好，也是历史上文人造园的重要诉求和传统。
Meanwhile, trees and bamboos were designed in and near “the wall garden” as many as possible to make the whole residence hidden in the “mountain and forest” from appearance, which helps the main buildings blend into a natural countryside vibe.
▽整体村庄环境与宅园鸟瞰 Overall village environment and house garden bird ‘s-eye view
▽将三米园与主体建筑空间对峙是一次“以墙为园”为造园重新“立基”的实验 The confrontation between the 3-meter garden and the main building space is an experiment of “taking the wall as the garden” to “re-establish the foundation”
▽从农田远眺整体宅园外观 From the farmland overlooking the overall appearance of the house garden
▽乡村地宅园的山林外观 The woodland appearance of the country house garden
4. 装置·造园·实验 Installation·Chinese Garden·Experiment
“三米园”的构筑，从空间与建构方法看，可以被认为是目前专业细分下的“环境艺术”做法，是用工程手段实施出来的“装置”。所以，我们会用“介入”这个词表述它对整体宅园的作用。就像传统造园中的峰石也可以被看作是在园林场域中用特定材料寄寓情感表达的“艺术装置”。我们通过本次设计，用“三米园”看似“装置”式的空间建构达成了中国园林“水、石、花木、建筑”多要素一体化营构的空间回归，在场地中模糊了别墅建筑主体的统领，把空间让渡给属于“村庄地”的园林体验。更进一步，也试图以“三米园”的设计及其对整体宅园空间的重构，至少在空间建构和园林游观两个层面，尝试跨体验维度的当代造园。在我们看来，“三米园”并非一般意义的园中园，是空间游戏、也是当代造园实验。
In terms of design approach, “the wall garden” could be defined as an “installation” built with concrete. (And the rockery in classic Chinese garden is also viewed as an art installation to deliver emotional expression with specific material in a landscape field domain.) “The wall garden” “installation” weakens the spacial dominance of the villa building in this site, and amplifies the landscape experience of the garden. Furthermore, “the wall garden” and its redefinition of the site structure tried out a new design approach beyond experiential dimension of the classic Chinese garden. In conclusion, it is not a “garden in garden” in common sense, “The wall garden” is a game about space design as well as a contemporary Chinese garden experiment.
▽三米园折叠的夸张空间关系具有艺术装置的特征 The folded exaggerated spatial relationship of 3-meter garden has the characteristics of an art installation
▽三米园夸张的折板与圆形切割手法的结合 3-meter garden exaggerated folding plate combined with circular cutting technique
▽当代设计构成的粉墙、月洞、树影融合的园林之境 The contemporary design constitutes a landscape of pink walls, moon holes and tree shadows
▽极简的高瘦园门与隐匿的后院园林 Minimalist tall thin garden gate and hidden backyard garden
▽后院园林中的月洞光影 Moonlight in the backyard garden
▽极简设计的惹香径与园墙 Minimalist design of incense path and garden wall
项目名称：三米园
设计单位： VIA 维亚景观
主持设计师：孙轶家、周密
设计团队：孙轶家、周密、盛云琦、妥朝霞、马丽、张亮、施曼婷、范英英、张佳慧（实习）、陈天舒
施工团队：汤宜平 工组
照明顾问：OUI light
摄影师：CreatAR Images、孙轶家
项目地址：上海市崇明区绿华镇
三米园设计规模：120㎡
整体宅园设计规模：1430㎡（不含主体建筑占地）
设计完成时间：2018年3月
建成时间：2022年9月
Project name: 3-meter garden
Design firm: VIASCAPE design
Lead Designers: Yijia Sun, Mi Zhou
Design Team: Yijia Sun, Mi zhou, Yunqi Shen, Zhaoxia Tuo, Mary Ma, Liang Zhang, Manting Shi, Yingying Fan, Jiahui Zhang（Intern），Tianshu Chen
Construction Team: Yiping Tang Team
Lighting Consultant: OUI Light
Photographers: CreatAR Images, Yijia Sun
Location: Lvhua Town, Chongming District, Shanghai
Design area: 120 sqm
General area: 1430 sqm
Year of design: Mar. 2018
Year of completion: Sep. 2022
“ 设计突破传统，采用简洁的当代空间方式，为业主营造出了身处江南园林中“闭门既是深山”的体验。”
审稿编辑: Maggie
更多 Read more about: VIA 维亚景观
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