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Ludwig Godefroy：该独栋住宅项目位于梅里达历史中心，距离其殖民区的主要中心广场只有几个街区。梅里达是尤卡坦的首都，也是玛雅文化的中心。
尽管这一文明在西班牙人到来之前很久就消失了，但玛雅人和玛雅语言幸运地被保存下来，并一直延续至今，这使得该地区异常独特，与墨西哥城的其他任何地区都不相同，是一个有着自己思维方式的“国中小国”。
Ludwig Godefroy：Casa Mérida is a single family house project located in the historic center of Mérida, a few blocks away from its main central square, in its colonial area. Mérida is the capital of Yucatán, but also the capital of the Mayan culture, Yucatán representing a large part of the mexican mayan territory.
In spite of the fact this civilisation disappeared long time before spanish people arrived, Mayan people and languages always survived and still exist today, which always made this region very unique and different than any other in México ; a sort of small country within the country, with its own way of thinking.
▽项目所在地环境 Context
另一个很重要的点是，梅里达全年都有非常独特的温暖天气，气温极高，5月份的最高气温可达40摄氏度，湿度也很高，尤其是在6月至9月底的雨季。
几个世纪以来，气候使这座城市的建筑呈现出一种独特的传统类型，它混合了尤卡坦的殖民历史和墨西哥的热带环境，形成了独特的热带殖民风格。此类型的建筑通常有着高高的天花板和一系列相连的庭院，在建筑下方形成了自然交叉通风，使空气可以在整座房子中流动，由此形成了一套天然的降温系统。一直以来，当地都采用这一建筑方式，它也塑造了梅里达的某种形象，直到空调的出现，让依靠自然交叉通风的绝对需求被打破，也使古老的历史中心周围出现任何的建筑类型都成为了可能。
Another very important point is the fact that Mérida has a very peculiar warm weather all year long, with intense temperatures and a peak that can reach 40º celcius in May, as well as a very high level of humidity, specially during the rainy season from June until the end of September.
Through centuries, this weather led the architecture of the city to a recognizable traditional typology, a mix of history of its colonization with its Mexican tropical reality from Yucatán, which resulted in a singular tropicalized colonial style. This typology is basically based on natural crossed ventilation under high ceiling volumes, all connected together by a series of patios letting the air flow through the entire house, providing this way a natural cooling system. For many centuries it has been the way of building, and it shaped a certain image of Mérida until AC ( air conditioning ) appeared, and made any kind of architecture possible around the old historic center, since the absolut need of crossed ventilation could now be balanced.
▽梅里达之家 Casa Merida
梅里达几乎是一个24小时不能没有空调的城市。我们如何才能从如今对空调的过度需求中抽身而出？建筑可以为我们提供哪些可能性？带着这一目标，我们回顾过去，提出了以下问题：如何建造反映并考虑尤卡坦特点的建筑，让它具有本土特色？换句话说，怎么让这栋建筑体现典型的玛雅风格？
Casa Mérida项目正在探索现代建筑和传统建筑之间的关系，并通过参考当地的建筑设计语言，将两者结合在一起。
当我们第一次来到现场时，最令人印象深刻的是场地的独特尺度，这是一个长80米，宽8米的碎片式矩形地块，就像一条大巷道。设计对项目唯一的想法是：保留这80米的狭长视角，将其作为一条线性通廊，可以从入口穿过整个地块，直到终点，也就是游泳池所在的地方，并重新引入传统的空气降温系统。
Mérida is a city where life without AC is almost impossible, and where it became very usual to use it 24 hours a day. How can we step back from this intense use of AC Mérida is doing today ? And what could be the possibilities architecture is offering us ? With this goal in mind and having a look at the past, came the following question: How is it possible to build architecture that reflects and considers the yucatán identity, to make this house belong to its territory ? In other words, how could this house be mayan ?
Casa Mérida project is exploring the relation between contemporary and traditional architecture, both connected through a very simple use of vernacular references.
When entering for the first time on site, something memorable was the unique proportion of the plot, which is a broken rectangle of 80 meters long X 8 meters wide, looking like a big lane. Here came the one and only idea of the project : to preserve this 80 meters perspective, as a straight line,crossing the entire plot from the entrance door until the ending point, where the swimming pool is located ; Inserting back the traditional air flow cooling concept as a starting point.
但这不仅仅是关于空气流通的问题，这个长长的视角也代表了玛雅人的古老文化和建筑，更确切地说，是指玛雅人的 “Sacbé”，字面上的意思是白色的石板路上覆盖着白色的石灰石结构。这些笔直的线条将玛雅城市的不同元素如寺庙、广场、金字塔和仙人洞（充满清水的天然洞坑，用于祭祀和供奉神灵）等连接在一起；神圣的道路甚至可以从一个地方连接到另一个长达几百公里外的地方。设计以古典建筑艺术品作为中心元素和主要思想，沿着轴线进行改造，以一堵长长的混凝土墙作为引导，从视觉上组织了住宅以及所有运动的轴线，同时也作为主要的流通走廊。在项目开发的第二阶段，墙体和立柱成为承载所有屋顶板材的主要混凝土结构元素。通过这些引导气流的柱体，该项目似乎又回到了传统的尤卡坦乡土建筑，即拥有了自然交叉通风，但同时又给项目带来了第二个问题：如何在不过度依赖现代技术的情况下，在城市中心实现最好的自然通风，并试图改善当地的能源过度消耗的现象？
But it was not only about the air circulation, this long perspective is also refering to the mayan antic culture and architecture, and more precisely to its mayan « Sacbé » literally the white path, stoneways covered with white limestone stuc. Those straight lines used to connect all together the different elements, temples, plazas, pyramids and cenotes ( natural sinkhole, full of clear water, used for sacrifice and offers to the gods ) of a mayan city; sacred ways which could even go from one site to another along a few hundred kilometers. By using the perspective, this very simple classical architecture artefact as a central element and main idea, the project got immediatly stuctured along this line, converted then in a long concrete wall guide, a sort of axis visually organizing the house, as well as all the movements, since it’s also working as the main circulation hallway. In a second stage of the project development, it naturally and literally appeared as a vertebral column, therefore it became the main structural concrete element to carry all the rooftop slabs. With its airflow column, Casa Mérida went back to an original and elemental principle of the vernacular yucatec architecture, the natural crossed ventilation, which then brought the project to a second question: How is it possible to reach the best autosuffisance in the middle of a city, without being so dependent of modern technologies, to try to be more responsible with the energy waste management of the place ?
设计师接下来的关注点是将住宅与城市分离，在城市环境中营造一种独立出来的乡村环境，以便更好地进行把控。在传统意义上的梅里达历史中心，房屋通常与街道相连，社交区位于人行道和内部庭院之间，后面是私人空间，最后是后院。即按照从公共到私人的逻辑逐渐组织空间。
为了切断Casa Mérida与城市之间的联系，设计师将社交区域与后院进行了调整；将客厅、厨房和游泳池安排在场地的尽头，也就是最安静的地方，远离街道上的噪音；将功能性的后院移至前方，将其作为对城市的缓冲。
This next concern took the project towards the idea of disconnecting the house from the city to get a better control on it, basically creating a sort of isolated countryside situation in the middle of an urban context. To Physically disconnect In the historic center of Mérida traditionally, houses use to be connected with the street, with the social area located between the sidewalk and the inner patio, behind which the private spaces take place, and a backyard at the end. The logic is gradually organized from public to private, and a functional area in the back.
To physically disconnect Casa Mérida from the city, the layout has been modified by switching the social area with the backyard area ; sending the living room, kitchen and swimming pool to the end of the land,futhermore the most quiet area where the noise of the street doesn’t reach you anymore; in order to bring the functional backyard to the front, to use it as a buffer on the city.
▽平面图 Floor Plan
▽剖面图 Section
To Typologically disconnect
除了前后的排列之外，房子的总体布局也是按照一种有规律的节奏进行组织的，即建筑面积和空地面积交替出现，建筑两侧总留有露天空间，这些空间能够作为花园与建筑相融，而不仅仅只有并列的装饰性作用。室外空间被整合为内部空间的一部分，消隐了传统意义上的内外部之间的边界，增加了视觉深度，扩大了空间感。该住宅项目旨在让我们“远离”墨西哥城市的日常生活，营造了一种户外生活的体验。建筑打破了通常的立面做法，保持开放和透气，让整体建筑空间具有呼吸性，同时也保持了基本的隐私。
Casa Merida颠覆了传统的房屋与花园布局方案，创造了一个与房屋一体的独特宜居花园。
In addition to the permutation between front and back, the general layout of the house is also organized according to a regular rythm of positive built area and negative empty area, to always generate empty spaces on both sides of the built spaces, making the gardens participate instead of only being juxtaposed ornamental ones. The outdoor spaces got integrated as part of the inner space, vanishing the classical border between in and out, increasing the visual depth in order to create a more generous amplitude sensation of the volumes. The purpose of this house is to make disappear our urban daily references from México city, where we live behind our large glass window apartments, to foment an outdoor life, in which the house is breaking the basic concept of the facade ; the house does not enclose people, it stays open and breathes permanently, while providing the essential feeling of protection and privacy.
Casa Mérida is inverting the classical scheme of the house with its garden, to create a singular habitablegarden with its house.
To Energically disconnect
在以一种灵活的方式从物理上隔离房屋后，最后的一个棘手问题是在能源上将房屋与城市断开。在解决了降温系统这一最主要的能源消耗问题之后，我们受过去建筑的启发，在鼓励合理地使用空调的基础上，其次要考虑的问题就是水。尤卡坦是一个地下水丰富的地区，因此通过钻井从地下深处获得清水是最合理的解决方案。然而，为了完成一个完整的水再生循环，雨水必须回到地下土壤中，因此，我们设计了吸收井来实现这一功能，其放在雕塑般的集水器下，成为建筑美学的一部分。设计将污水水系统与城市水系统分离，并使用生物分解设备处理污水，为花园灌溉提供水源。水在建筑内得到了完整的循环利用，减少了城市处理家庭生活污水的负担。
最后是用电问题，设计通过使用太阳能锅炉来提供热水，并使用太阳能电池板来满足其他的电力需求。
To conclude, after isolating the house in a sensitive way, came the last obvious point of disconnecting the house, energically speaking, from the city. After resolving the cooling system as the first major energy consumption issue, inspired by the architecture of the past, encouraging a most reasonable use of AC, the second point to consider was the water. According to the fact Yucatán is a region full of water in the subsoil, to drill a borehole to get clear water from deep down was the most logical solution. However to complete a full cycle of water regenaration, the rain water had to go back to this subsoil, and absorption wells were designed to fullfill this function, placed under sculptural water collectors, which became part of the aesthetic of the house. The wasted water system also got disconnected from the one of the city, using a biodigester to treat the dirty water and generate watering for the garden. The full cycle from pumping to regenerating without letting the city in charge of our wasted water was now completed.
The last point was the electricity, resolved by using obvious but proper technologies, such as solar boilers to warm the water, as well as solar panels to cover the rest of the needs in electricity.
To Culturally reconnect
该项目旨在摆脱不必要的修饰，只保留结构部分，且只使用简单的材料。建筑的墙体以传统的方式建造，在连接处覆盖着石片，这是一种产自尤卡坦半岛的经典石材，曾被用于建造古代玛雅金字塔和神庙遗址。粗糙的混凝土也被用于地板和墙壁，这无疑是一种工业材料，但仍然是梅里达当地生产的主要建筑材料。最后，为了控制光线氛围，设计中加入了大量的木质百叶窗和门。该建筑超过90%的材料都取自当地，并由当地泥石匠和木匠建造，实现了对本地建筑的一种现代诠释。
该建筑由大量无需特殊处理或维护的材料建造，将自然的老化和时间的作用作为建筑过程的一部分，终有一天它会被覆盖上一层新的物质：铜绿色物质。
The project is willing to get rid of the unnecessary, no finishing and no decoration, to only preserve the structural part, as well as only simple materials. Mayan cream stone walls have been built in a traditional way by covering the joints with the stone splinters, typical stone from Yucatán used in antic mayan pyramids and temples sites. The brut concrete has also been used for the floors and the walls, definitely industrial but still localy produced in Mérida, the main structural material. Finally to control the light atmosphere, massive wooden louver windows and doors have been designed. The construction is reaching a 90% made on site, with local materials and built exclusively by yucatec masons and carpinters, a sort of modern reinterpretation of what could mean vernacular architecture.
Made of massive materials which do not require special treatments or maintenance, accepting ageing and time as part of the architecture process, the house has been conceptualized to end up one day covered by a new coat of materiality : a layer of patina.
项目名称：Casa Merida
竣工年份：2018年
建筑面积：250平方米
地点：墨西哥 尤卡坦 梅里达
设计工作室：Ludwig Godefroy Architecture
网站：www.ludwiggodefroy.com
联系人电子邮件：ludwig@ludwiggodefroy.com
建筑师：Ludwig Godefroy
Instagram：Ludwiggodefroy
网站：www.ludwiggodefroy.com
摄影师：Rory Gardiner
Instagram：AroryGardiner
摄影师网站：www.rory-gardiner.com
摄影师电子邮件：rory@rory-gardiner.com
Project Name: Casa Merida
Completion year: 2018
Building area: 250 square meters
Location: Yucatan Merida, Mexico
Design Studio: Ludwig Godfroy Architecture
Website: www.ludwiggodfroy.com
Contact email: ludwig@ludwiggodefroy.com
Architect: Ludwig Godefroy
Instagram: Ludwiggodefroy
Website: www.ludwiggodfroy.com
Photographer: Rory Gardiner
Instagram: ArryGardiner
Photographer website: www.rory gardiner.com
Photographer email: rory@rory-gardiner.com
“ 设计颠覆传统的住宅布局，将后院花园移到前方作为街道与建筑之间的缓冲，同时参照传统建筑的结构，打造了一系列低能耗且充满美学的生活空间。”
审稿编辑：SIM
更多 Read more about: Ludwig Godefroy Architecture
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