Redefining the “Park plus” by Z+T Studio

本文由张唐景观授权mooool发表，欢迎转发，禁止以mooool编辑版本转载。
Thanks Z+T Studio for authorizing the publication of the project on mooool, Text description provided by Z+T Studio.

张唐景观：公园+商业不是简单的公园“加”商业，而是两种景观形态所代表的氛围的融合与叠加。前者是公园代表的、特有的自然、休闲和松弛感；而后者代表的是商业的便利和服务。因此，自然松弛感十足的商业街区，便利配套充分、活动丰富的公园都可以算是“公园+商业”。与其说它是一个新兴的业态，不如说公园+商业的兴起佐证了原来的公园和商业设计都有极大的单一和不足。

Z+T Studio: The “Park + Commercial” model is not simply the insertion of retail into green space; it is the integration of two complementary typologies, combining the ecological and recreational qualities of public parks with the services of commercial environments. As a result, both nature-oriented commercial districts and amenity-rich public parks can be considered expressions of this hybrid model. Rather than constituting a new urban typology, the park-commercial hybrid responds to the functional limitations of conventional parks and retail developments by challenging their traditional single-purpose design.

▽绿心公园©丘文三映

2009 年，我们结束海外工作回到国内成立张唐景观开展景观设计探索，从业之初便确立核心理念：景观设计是提升人幸福感的重要途径。这句话看似抽象，但却是设计的根本——我们相信户外公共空间的环境品质，会切实影响使用者的身心体验与幸福感知。

In 2009, we established Z+T Studio in China, exploring our work guided by a founding philosophy: landscape design is a vital pathway to enhancing human well-being. We believe that the spatial quality of outdoor public realms directly shapes the psychological well-being, physical experience, and happiness of people who inhabit them.

▽©麓悦江城

这些年我们一边落地项目、一边持续行业研究，陆续出版了《静谧与欢悦》、《参与性景观》、《日常公园》等专业著作。后面两本书里，我们持续探讨了一个问题：户外公共空间如何才能可持续地保持较好的状态？

Over the years, we’ve always balanced practice with deep research, publishing a series of books including Tranquility and Joy, Participatory Landscape, and Everyday Park. Through the latest two publications, we consistently ask a question: how can outdoor public spaces be sustained in optimal condition over the long term?

©Z+T STUDIO

张唐十几年的实践中，陆陆续续设计过二十余座体量不一的公园项目。早期地产配套公园普遍存在痛点：开发商将公园作为住宅销售的配套，住宅售罄后，公园便陷入疏于管护的窘境。（大鱼公园，劝学公园）

Over more than a decade of practice, our firm has designed over twenty park projects of varying scales. In earlier years, residential-led parks suffered from a maintenance inconsistency: developers built the public spaces to accelerate housing sales. Once the residential units were sold out, the parks left to a state of neglect without management and maintenance.

▽劝学公园©张海（左），大鱼公园©鲁冰（右）

成都麓湖项目因开发体量庞大、住宅持续去化，配套公园得以长期精细化运维（云朵乐园，漩涡公园）；阿那亚秦皇岛、广州九龙湖等项目依托民宿、度假业态的长效营收，实现公园常态化迭代更新，例如 2024 年我们对阿那亚原有设施优化升级，原木质设施存在安全隐患，改造替换为全新景观装置，依托持续运营按需优化场地配置，也是我们在方案阶段就建议甲方前置规划长效运营的原因。（儿童农庄，波纹花园）

At Luxilakes in Chengdu, the large development scale and sustained residential absorption have allowed for the comprehensive management such as the Cloud park and the Vortex Park. Similarly, Aranya in Qinhuangdao and Kowloon Lake in Guangzhou use continuous profit from neighborhoods operations to fund the routine renewal of their public realms. In 2024, our firm upgraded the original playground at Aranya; the aging timber structures with potential safety risks, were replaced with new landscape installations. The ability to continuously upgrade is why we promote for early program planning during the initial concept phase, as demonstrated in projects such as the Children’s Farm and Ripple Garden.

▽云朵乐园（左）、漩涡公园（右）©Holi河狸景观摄影

▽ 儿童农庄（左）、波纹花园（右）©Holi河狸景观摄影

南京汤山矿坑公园项目占地约 45 公顷，我们在前期规划中便植入经营性业态旷野拾趣儿童乐园，乐园占地大约只有整个公园的2%。不到 1 公顷的经营性乐园，凭门票及轻餐配套，年营收近千万元，极大地覆盖了免费开放的公园的维护费用。受乐园盈利效果带动，项目后续新增露营、音乐会、卡丁车等多元运营内容；类似项目还有春沐源恐龙岛水乐园，占地 6000㎡，夏季限时收费运营，通过轻量化商业植入反哺整个春沐源绿地系统的养护。

Covering 45 ha, Nanjing Tangshan Quarry Park’s initial plan included a “Wild Fun” children’s playground (<1 ha, ~2% of the park) that generates ~¥10M/year from tickets and F&B, largely offsetting maintenance for the otherwise free park. Its success spurred added camping, concerts, and go-karting. Similarly, Chunmuyuan Dinosaur Island Water Park (6,000 m²), a seasonal, ticketed attraction operating during the summer, adopts a light commercial model that helps support the maintenance and operation of the surrounding green space.

▽南京汤山矿坑公园©鲁冰

▽春沐源恐龙岛水乐园©春沐源影视工作室

张唐实践中另外一个板块为城市商业景观项目。早年商业景观设计逻辑单一，以大面积硬质铺装为主，绿植配置优先规避遮挡商铺招牌，还预留大面积闲置外摆与活动空地，但落地后使用率普遍偏低，闲置空间浪费问题突出。

随着行业迭代，商业逐渐意识到一个好的户外开放空间能给商业带来吸引力和大量人流：北京五道口可旋转景观装置、西安创意谷高线公园、武汉未来中心运动场地与亲子乐园，均实现商业消费空间与免费的公共开放空间互通共生。

Mixed-use commercial projects are another part of our practice. In early years, the developments relied on expansive, paved plazas designed for a single purpose. Greenery was minimized to maximize signage visibility, while large open areas sat empty except during occasional events, resulting in underused and inefficient spaces.

Today, retailers increasingly recognize high-quality public space as a key driver of visitors. Projects such as Wudaokou’s public installations, Xi’an’s High-Line Park, and Wuhan’s Future Center demonstrate how vibrant, accessible open spaces can successfully complement retail, creating destinations that benefit both businesses and the public.

▽北京五道口©张海

▽西安创意谷高线公园©张海

▽武汉未来中心 VFC©三棱镜（左），武汉万维天地©张海（右）

2024年建成的上海上生新所二期与之前的商业空间最大的不同是建筑之间丰富的绿植。项目原有楼栋间距仅 10 多米，我们提出成片栽植高大水杉以及多重绿植，初期甲方顾虑绿植遮挡店招、影响商铺招商。我们立足项目目的地型消费的定位给出设计逻辑：到访人群专程前来休闲，舒适的自然环境才能留住客流、延长停留时间。落地后项目经营成效显著，自然绿化反而成为项目核心吸引力。受新所二期的影响，重庆麓溪湖甲方委托了我们绿心商业景观设计，联合建筑、运营团队优化原有建筑外立面与景观布局。2026年5月绿心商业（2025年设计）和绿心公园（2021年设计）同时对外开放，商业空间和公园均收获市场广泛好评。

Columbia Circle Phase II in Shanghai redefines the relationship between nature and commerce. Despite an existing building clearance of only ten meters, our design introduced a dense canopy of dawn redwoods. The client initially concerned that the trees would block retail signage and negatively impact leasing. We convinced them with the destination-driven positioning: visitors come for relax, and greenery-rich microclimate encourages longer stays and deeper engagement. The following performance has demonstrate that the landscape emerging as the project’s primary attraction is a key driver of foot traffic.
Following the success of Phase II, the client for Luxi Lake in Chongqing commissioned us for the Green Heart retail landscape design, where we worked closely with the architectural and operations teams for the building facades and spatial layout. In May 2026, the Green Heart Commercial (designed in 2025) and the Green Heart Park (designed in 2021) opened, receiving widespread market acclaim.

▽上生新所二期©Z+T STUDIO

结合行业现状来看，当下公园与商业均步入空间存量过剩阶段：国内大量城市郊野公园建成后日常客流稀少，高昂养护成本持续加重地方财政负担；传统实体商业受网上购物的冲击也急需摆脱单一购物属性，逐步转型为休闲购物、社交聚会的综合性场景载体。二者发展诉求趋同，催生 “公园 + 商业” 的新型目的地。不管是上生新所还是绿心，场地既满足周边居民散步、遛娃、休闲的公园需求，又承载餐饮、零售消费功能，主打情绪消费与社交属性。优质项目通过常态化主题活动持续塑造品牌辨识度，增强用户到访意愿。

Today, both public parks and commercial real estate face spatial oversupply. Suburban parks are underused, with maintenance draining municipal budgets, while traditional retail—hit by e-commerce—must evolve from shopping into social and communication destinations.

This alignment of needs has given the rise of the “park + commercial” destination. Projects like Columbia Circle and the Green Heart treat the site as a neighborhood living room. They seamlessly accommodate the daily rhythm of community life—strolling, play, and relaxation—while integrating dining and retail functions to support social connection. Ultimately, successful projects depend on curated, year-round programming to establish a distinctive brand identity and enbrace long-term visitor engagement.

▽上生新所二期©Z+T STUDIO

公园+商业项目的运营需要面临不少挑战：公园自然人流与商业消费客流并不相通，如何把控？如何面对节假日人流量爆满、平常日人流稀少的问题？如何处理雨雪和极端天气大幅削减户外体验的问题？

相比前些年的项目，目前“运营前置”已经成为共识，一个项目的成功是运营和设计共同努力的结果。不过，设计方与运营方天然存在思维分歧：运营方往往需要贴合当下市场热点落地经营，而设计师需要有一定的前瞻性，立足长期价值规划。一个项目从初期设计到建成需要几年时间，没有前瞻性的设计在社会需求日新月异、飞快变化的市场上往往刚刚建成就已经显得过气，更不用说穿越周期。契合市场热点的网红打卡效应能短期引爆流量，却难以沉淀长效价值，如何打造能够长期可持续运营的经典场景，是设计与运营方需要共同权衡的难题。

Park-retail projects face several fundamental tensions. Visitors to the park and shoppers have different motivations, making the conversion of visitor flow into spending a strategic challenge. The development must also adapt to weekday–weekend fluctuations and weather-dependent outdoor operations. While operators often prioritize short-term market trends, designers must create spaces that remain adaptable over time. Without this long-term perspective, projects risk becoming outdated before opening. The key challenge is balancing immediate commercial success with lasting relevance.

©麓悦江城

公园商业项目是建筑、景观、招商、运营多专业协同的成果，任一环节缺位都难以实现落地成功。从景观设计维度，我们总结了公园+商业项目景观设计的五个关键词：包容、舒适、弹性、记忆、趣味。

包容：公园商业首先是公园，而公园之所以是“公”园，公共属性是第一位的。城市公园从根本上而言是面向公众的非消费性场所，是社会福利。因此，公园商业需要包容全年龄段非消费人群，让每一个人都觉得自己是受欢迎的，每一个人都觉得在这里很自在。充足的人流是商业转化的基础，商业的设置是因为满足了人在公园里的需求。不能简单地认为公园负责吸引人流，商业负责收割和赚钱。

A park-commercial destination is the collaboration work between architecture, landscape, leasing, and operations. From a landscape perspective, we define the core approach through five design essentials: Inclusivity, Comfort, Flexibility, Identity, and Playful.

Inclusivity: A park-commercial project is, first and foremost, a park for civic and oriented toward public welfare. Its landscape must be welcoming to everyone, including those who do not spend money. A diverse and inclusive public is the true economic foundation of retail success. Commercial uses should support and enrich the park experience, serving park visitors rather than exploiting them.

©丘文三映

©绿心饼干

©丘文三映

舒适：以使用者体验为第一准则，而非优先考虑管理的便利。例如绿心商业里的松林，碎石景观易出现石子散落、孩童抛掷的管护难题，但自然松弛的质感能提升场地停留的舒适度；可参与的水景能吸引人停留或观望，虽然比起非参与式的水景维护费用更高；无处不在的公共座凳鼓励人随时停留放松；我们相信只有让人舒适的地方才能留得住人，恰当的商业可以建立人与场地的情感联结，沉淀复购客群，摆脱一次性网红打卡的短期流量陷阱。

Comfort: This means prioritizing human experience over ease of maintenance. At Green Heart, gravel beneath the pines may require more maintain, yet its texture encourages people to slow down and stay. Water features require greater maintenance but encourage interactive play, while various seating type invites different social interaction. Comfort drives retention: emotional connections invite repeat visits and create lasting appeal.

©猫猫出游记

©绿心饼干

©丘文三映

弹性：预留可变空间给未来和未知。景观设计很难完全预计未来五年、十年运营的需求，因此设计需要给未来和未知的需求留下弹性空间。当然，弹性不是简单地预留大片铺装给发生频次很低的大型活动。好的弹性空间应该是人多的时候能用、不会太拥挤，人少的时候不会太空、太单调。绿心项目中草坪、五彩旱喷广场、像素薄水面，水流大台阶，草坡等等空间在不做活动时就是能吸引人的景观空间，在搞活动是就可以变成快闪、市集、临时展演的活动场所。

Flexibility: Design must anticipate the unforeseen. Because long-term needs are unpredictable, spaces should be adaptable—not simply left as empty hardscapes. True flexibility lies in creating places that feel complete and inviting at any scale, from quiet everyday use to large public gatherings. At Green Heart, lawns, fountains, water steps, and terraced slopes serve as daily destinations while seamlessly accommodating pop-ups, markets, performances, and other events.

©Tyler

©猫猫出游记

©丘文三映

©绿心饼干

©丘文三映

记忆：每个成功的项目都必然有独特的记忆点，具有强烈的可识别性，让人一看就能认出来是哪个项目。独特的记忆点是需要根植于项目基因并且难以复刻的标志性景观，访客会拍照传播，形成自发宣传。绿心的坡地花海和绿心之环以及大喷泉是基于场地地形特征的设计，它的独特性使其成为其它项目难以复制的记忆。

Identity: Every successful destination has a defining point of memory—a distinctive feature that makes the place instantly recognizable. These memorable landmarks are iconic landscape elements rooted in the site’s unique character, creating experiences that cannot be replicated elsewhere. At Green Heart, the meadow hills, the Ring of Green Heart, and the grand fountain are signature landscape features shaped directly by the existing topography. Rather than imposing an identity onto the site, they emerge from it. This deep responsiveness to the land gives the project an authenticity and sense of place not replicated.

©丘文三映

趣味：在我们的设计中经常会出现一些非理性推理出来的细节小品，我们称之为趣味景观。它们具有无用之用，可以提供独特的情绪价值。如上生新所特色不锈钢排水沟装置，看似没有实用功能，却成为游客自发打卡、线上传播的网红节点。绿心商业的五彩旱喷和涟漪水台也有类似的作用。这些趣味景观能极大地丰富访客的景观体验，也让项目更具备可识别性。

Playful: Our practice often creates impulsive, non-function interventions—what we call “playful landscapes.” These elements provide emotional and social value beyond conventional function. At Columbia Circle, for example, a stainless-steel drainage featured with plants engrave has become an unexpected social catalyst, drawing visitors to photograph and share it online. Likewise, the colored tile fountains and ripple water tables at Green Heart encourage interaction and play. These playful landscapes enrich the visitor experience, creating memorable moments while strengthening the destination’s identity and legibility.

©丘文三映

总而言之，公园+商业并不是简单的把公园和商业叠加起来，而是通过景观设计，既突出两种景观形态的优势，又弥补彼此的缺项。我们认为公园+商业项目的核心竞争力将会体现在以下几个方面：能否提供别处无法复刻的独特体验？能否成为人们日常生活中有机的一部分？能否具有自我升级、自我更新、自我成长的可能性？目前行业对这类项目的探索也才刚刚开始。公园+商业项目作为一个新兴的城市空间类型，是否成功还需要经受住时间的考验。

In short, a park–commercial hybrid is not merely an overlay of two distinct typologies, but a landscape-led synthesis that amplifies the strengths of each while mitigating their respective limitations. Its future competitiveness will depend on the following factors: the creation of a distinctive, site-specific experience, deep integration into everyday life, and the capacity for continuous adaptation and renewal.

©丘文三映

绿心项目信息
项目名称：重庆麓悦江城 · 绿心“公园+”商业
项目地点：重庆市两江新区欣悦路260号
业主单位：重庆万悦置业有限公司
业主设计管理团队：万华景观中心
设计时间：2020年7月~2024年9月（公园）/2025年1月~2025年8月（商业）
建成时间：2026年4月
项目面积：43,000㎡（公园）/19,000㎡（商业）
景观设计：张唐景观（方案至扩初）
首席设计：张东、唐子颖
绿心公园团队：张卿、赵桦、曾庆华、范炎杰、陈逸帆、周腾、张文莉、郑宇璐、陈海天、李艺琳、徐敏、张玫芳、武峪、楼思远、潘昭延、任一鸣、邹曙光、牛宇轩、钱沁禾、杨玉鹏、袁帅
绿心商业团队：曾庆华、范炎杰、周腾、郑宇璐、张文莉、李艺琳、陈逸帆、李明峰、姚瑜、王子涵、吕炜鹏、肖静怡
景观施工图：重庆道合园林景观规划设计有限公司
建筑设计：独特视野UV（绿心商业及美术馆建筑设计）/拾集（绿心商业公共空间改造）/ZAD（置业中心立面改造）
绿心之环结构：袁鑫工程顾问（上海）事务所（方案）/中机中联工程有限公司（施工图）
泛光设计：HdA 汉都灯光设计（绿心公园）/BPI 上海碧甫（绿心商业）
景观施工：重庆罗瀚生态环境建设有限公司
景观铁艺施工：四川特立思工程设计有限公司
水景深化设计：上海亿泽机电设计事务所
景观花镜深化及施工：重庆天华植景生态园林绿化有限公司（绿心公园）/成都惠美花境园艺工程有限责任公司（绿心商业）/隅安yuanworks（绿心商业公区花箱花镜）
景观软装深化及施工：缔凡设计&原也创意
景观标识设计及施工：纸贵
项目摄影：ChillShine丘文三映、绿心·饼干、绿心·爆哥、绿心·狗飞、猫猫出游记、Tyler

Project Name: Green Heart “Park-Commercial” Destination at Lux River Sanctuary, Chongqing
Location: No. 260 Xinyue Road, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
Client: Chongqing Wanyue Real Estate Co., Ltd.
Client Design Management: Wanhua Landscape Center
Design Period: July 2020 – September 2024 (Park) / January 2025 – August 2025 (Commercial)
Completion Date: April 2026
Project Area: 43,000 m2 (Park) / 19,000 m2 (Commercial)
Landscape Design: (Concept to Design Development) Z+T Studio
Principal Designers: Dong Zhang, Ziying Tang
Z+T Studio Park Team: Qing Zhang, Hua Zhao, Qinghua Zeng, Yanjie Fan, Yifan Chen, Teng Zhou, Wenli Zhang, Yulu Zheng, Haitian Che, Yilin Li, Min Xu, Meifang Zhang, Yu Wu, Siyuan Lou, Zhaoyan Pan, Yiming Ren, Shuguang Zou, Yuxuan Niu, Qinhe Qian, Yupeng Yang, Shuai Yuan
Z+T Studio Commercial Team: Qinghua Zeng, Yanjie Fan, Teng Zhou, Yulu Zheng, Wenli Zhang, Yilin Li, Yifan Chen, Mingfeng Li, Yu Yao, Zihan Wang, Weipeng Lve, Jingyi Xiao
Landscape Executive Architect: (Construction Drawings) Chongqing Daohe Landscape Architecture Planning & Design Co., Ltd.
Architectural Design: Unique Vision / UV (Green Heart Commercial & Art Museum Architectural Design) XU Studio (Green Heart Commercial Public Space Renovation) ZAD (Sales Center Facade Renovation)
Structural Consultant for the “Ring of Green Heart”: Yuan Xin Engineering Consultant (Shanghai) Studio (Concept & Schematic Design) China Machinery Industry Third Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. (Construction Drawings)
Lighting: Design HdA Lighting Design (Green Heart Park) Brandston Partnership Inc. / BPI (Green Heart Commercial)
Landscape Contractor: Chongqing Luohan Eco-Environmental Construction Co., Ltd.
Landscape Architectural Ironwork Contractor: Sichuan Telisi Engineering Design Co., Ltd.
Waterscape Detail Design: Shanghai Yize Electromechanical Design Studio
Floral & Softscape Detail Design & Construction: Chongqing Tianhua Zhijing Eco-Landscape Co., Ltd. (Green Heart Park) Chengdu Huimei Flower Border Gardening Engineering Co., Ltd. (Green Heart Commercial) yuanworks (Green Heart Commercial Public Area Flower Boxes & Floral Borders)
Landscape FF&E Detail Design & Installation: DIVAN Design & YUANYE Creative
Landscape Signage & Wayfinding: (Design & Installation) ZHIGUI
Photography: ChillShine, Bing Gan, Bao Ge, Gou Fei, Mao Mao Chu You Ji, Tyler