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IAAC：加泰罗尼亚高级建筑学院(IAAC)展示了西班牙第一座用泥土和3D打印机建造的建筑，该项目源于IAAC正在进行的研究，旨在通过各种教学和研究项目寻找应对未来社会和环境挑战的新方法。
IAAC：The Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) presents the first building made with earth and a 3D printer in Spain, a project born from the ongoing research conducted by IAAC to find new ways of facing the social and environmental challenges of the future through its various education and research programs.
▽西班牙首座3D打印建筑原型 IAAC 3D House Prototype Spain
这项工程在巴塞罗那郊区的Valldaura实验室进行。它是一座建筑原型，代表了过去乡土建筑和未来大规模3D打印建筑之间的桥梁，这不仅有助于改变未来的建筑，而且在面对当前全球气候和住房危机时也非常有用。
The construction has been carried out at the Valldaura Labs facilities, on the outskirts of Barcelona. It is a prototype that represents the bridge between the past — vernacular earthen architecture — and the future — large scale 3D printing technology — which will not only serve to change the architecture of the future, but will also be very useful when facing the current climate and housing crisis across the globe.
该项目属于IAAC的3dPA研究生实验项目。这门实验课程的目标是为未来的建筑行业培养年轻的建筑师和学者，并探索3D打印在这一领域的可能性。
“TOVA”是与WASP合作的一个更大项目的开始，该项目计划用3D打印技术建造一座完整的住宅。
The project has been developed by the 3dPA post-graduate research program at the IAAC. The objective of this course is to train young architects and academics for the future of construction and to explore the possibilities of 3D printing in this sector.
‘TOVA’ is the beginning of a larger project in collaboration with WASP in which a complete house made with 3D printing technology is projected.
▽IAAC和WASP的3D打印住宅项目 3D Print House project by IAAC and WASP
速成、无浪费且适应性强的建筑 Fast, waste-free and adaptable construction
TOVA是西班牙首座此类型的建筑，是当今最可持续和最环保的建筑形式之一。该建筑耗时7周完成，使用了起重机、建筑3D打印机和零耗能材料。
建筑材料取自方圆50米内，整个施工过程可以实现零浪费。建筑结构由当地的泥土制成，混合了添加剂和酶，可以确保房屋优化3d打印所必需的结构完整性和材料弹性。地基由地质聚合物制成，屋顶为木结构。为了确保材料的耐候性，团队还利用芦荟等天然提取材料添加了防水涂层。
It is the first building of this type in Spain and stands out for being one of the most sustainable and environmentally friendly construction forms that can be applied today. The construction took 7 weeks time to complete, a Crane WASP, the architectural 3D printer and km zero materials.
During the entire construction process, zero waste is generated, as the materials were sourced within a 50 meters radius. The structure is made of local earth, mixed with additives and enzymes, to ensure the structural integrity and material elasticity necessary for the optimized 3d printing of the house. The foundation is made of geo-polymer and the roof, wooden construction. To ensure the longevity of the material in resistance to weather, a waterproof coating is added using raw extracted materials such as aloe and egg whites.
▽IAAC 3D房屋原型建造过程 IAAC 3D House Prototype Construction Process
▽3D打印细节 3D Print Details
该建筑的设计考虑了地中海的气候条件：紧凑的结构可以在冬季抵御寒冷，但在其他三个季节，建筑结构可以扩展，直接与室外环境相通。墙体由包含气孔的网状结构组成，具有良好的隔热性能，能够防止冬季热量流失和夏季太阳辐射。
这是一个接近零排放的项目：其外壳完全使用当地材料，可以减少材料浪费，相较于当前建筑方法中造成36%的二氧化碳排放，该建筑可以算得上低碳建筑的先驱。
这种建筑模型的应用潜能是无穷的，从家庭到公共空间、室内到室外都能应用。它可以与其他建筑系统相结合，适应复杂而新颖的建筑，这将减少当前建筑造成的环境影响。
The design of the building takes into account the climatic conditions of the Mediterranean: the volume is compact to protect from the cold in winter, but expandable during the other three seasons of the year, allowing the use of the immediate outdoor surroundings. The walls are made up of a network of cavities that contain airflow and allow great insulation to prevent heat loss in winter and protect from solar radiation in summer.
It is a near-zero emissions project: its shell and the use of an entirely local material allow the reduction of waste, making it a pioneering example of low-carbon building, given that current construction methods are responsible for 36 % of CO2 emissions.
The possible applications of this construction model are endless; from homes, to public spaces, interiors and exteriors. In combination with other construction systems, it can accommodate complex and innovative buildings that would reduce the environmental impact that construction currently entails.
应对当前和未来的住房危机 Homes to face the housing emergency crisis of today and the future
该项目被设想为可持续住房的原型，可在世界任何地方建造。这种前瞻的技术为快速解决敏感地区或临时定居点的住房问题提供了解决之策，为创造更可持续和可负担的空间提供了新的解决方案。
3D打印建筑的施工可以100%利用当地材料和劳动力，是零浪费建设的佳例。此外，打印系统可以根据不同的使用情况定制建筑高度，并在任何地方都可以使用这种技术快速建造。
The project was conceived as a prototype for sustainable housing that could be built anywhere in the world. This promising technique opens the door to quickly solving problems of access to housing in vulnerable areas or temporary settlements, offering new solutions for the creation of more sustainable and affordable spaces.
3D printing (or additive manufacturing) is a great example of km zero construction, as the construction work can be done 100% with local materials and labor. In addition, the printing system allows highly customizable houses for different use cases; such as communities of homes and services that can be rapidly created using this technology anywhere.
▽3D打印建筑建筑未来应用场景，效果图 IAAC 3D Print Architecture, Render Posible Uses
IAAC通过这一系列项目来应对日益严重的气候和紧迫的移民问题，提供新的解决方案，对未来由于大规模移民或自然灾害而不得不面对的全球住房危机作出积极贡献。这种快速建造方法的使用可以作为一种解决方案，用于增加应对紧急情况所需的空间，为大众解决住房问题。
IAAC responds with this and other projects to increasingly serious climate and migration emergencies, providing new solutions that contribute positively to the global housing emergency problem that will have to be faced in the future due to large migrations or natural disasters. The use case of this rapid construction method can be a solution for increasing spaces that require emergency response for housing solutions of masses such as communities for asylum seekers.
▽3D打印建筑建筑原型平面图 Plan
▽3D打印建筑建筑原型剖面图 Section
▽3D打印建筑建筑原型轴侧图 Axonometric drawing
▽IAAC和WASP的3D打印住宅项目 3D Print House project by IAAC and WASP
设计单位：IAAC
网址：www.iaac.net
打印机制造公司：WASP- World’s Advanced Saving Project
公司网址：https://www.3dwasp.com/
IAAC团队：Edouard Cabay, Alexandre Dubor, Lili Tayefi, Vincent Huyghe, Ashkan Foroughi, Eduardo Chamorro Martin, Elisabetta Carnevale, Guillem Baraut, Gloria Font basté, Nikol Kirova, Francesco Polvi, Bruno Ganem Coutinho, Marielena Papandreou and David Skaroupka.
合作伙伴：Colette, WASP, UN-Habitat, BAC Engineering, LaSalle, Smart Citizen, Squares and Living Prototypes Research Innovation
研究员：Adel Alatassi, Aslinur Taskin, Charles Musyoki, Deena El-Mahdy, Eugene Marais, Hendrik Benz, Juliana Rodriguez Torres, Leonardo Bin, Mariam Arwa, Al-Hachami, Marwa Abdelrahim, Mehdi Harrak, Michelle Bezik, Michelle Antonietta Isoldi Campinho, Mouad Laalou, Nareh, Khaloian Sarnaghi, Nawaal Saksouk, Orestis Pavlidis and Seni Boni Dara.
“ IAAC利用泥土和WASP公司制造的打印机建造了西班牙第一座3D打印建筑。”
审稿编辑: SIM
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