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DDON笛东：高周转的房地产时代终于结束了。在未来更为未知的市场环境下，应该进行怎样的设计？适逢当下社会和经济格局在疫情影响下全面重构，同样是政策与资本再一次更替主导。如何在严峻的市场情况下稳步前行？怎样的思考能够为房地产行业带来更为积极的启示？
DDON: The era of high-turnover real estate is finally over. In an even more unknown market environment in the future, What should be designed? As the current social and economic landscape is fully restructured under the influence of the epidemic, It is also dominated by policy and capital once again. How to move forward steadily in the severe market conditions? What kind of thinking can bring more positive enlightenment to the real estate industry?
▽笛东袁松亭地产景观趋势 视频 Video
住房问题，从来关乎国计民生。
40年来，在我国现代化实践过程中，房地产的正面作用不可或缺， 一直是我国居民内需最大市场，是构筑“内循环、双循环”格局的重要支撑。在实现国家“住有所居”的过程中，房地产行业的积极作用从来不可忽视。
The housing issue has always been related to the nation’s livelihood.
Over the past 40 years, in the process of our country’s modernization practice, the positive role of real estate has been indispensable. It has always been the largest market for domestic demand of Chinese residents and an important support for the construction of the “internal circulation and double circulation” pattern. In the process of realizing the country’s “meeting the house need of all”, the positive role of the real estate industry can never be ignored.
在竞争格局激烈的市场里，居住空间产品以设计颠覆传统，以科学引领革新，在户型的合理性，高效性和定制化上迭代进化，不断提升。科技化、智能化的技术支持与空间服务，持续回应民众对美好居住环境和幸福生活的不断期许。
In a market with fierce competition, residential space products subvert the tradition with design, lead innovation with science, and iteratively evolve and improve continuously in terms of rationality, efficiency and customization of apartment types. Technological and intelligent technical support and space services continue to respond to people’s constant expectations for a better living environment and a happy life.
纵观新中国70余年来的住房总体发展，关乎政治、金融、法律、城市建设等多个政策体系和部门，中国住房事业经历了从制度转型到政策调控的几番变革，其演变轨迹与中国经济发展和社会民生的探索之路密不可分，可谓波澜壮阔。
Looking back the past 70 years of Chinese housing industry development, it is related to multiple policy systems and departments such as politics, finance, law, and urban construction. Chinese housing industry has undergone several changes from institutional transformation to policy regulation. The exploration of economic development and social livelihood is inseparable, and it can be described as magnificent.
1978年改革开放之初，全国城镇人均建筑面积为6.7平方米，居住面积仅为3.6平方米。福利分房给政府带来沉重的住房补贴负担的同时，更让住房的供给矛盾十分突出。从规划设计本身来讲，早期规划住宅，博采众长，实现了从零到一的突破，极具特色，经典案例包括北京百万庄小区和恩济里小区，书写了新中国人居历史上闪光的一页。
At the beginning of 1978 when the reform opening up is just started, the per capita construction area in cities and towns across the country was 6.7 square meters, and the living area was only 3.6 square meters. While the welfare housing allocation has brought a heavy burden of housing subsidies to the government, it has also made the contradiction of housing supply very prominent. In terms of planning and design itself, the early planning of residences, drawing on the strengths of others, achieved a breakthrough from zero to one, which is very distinctive. Classic cases include Beijing Baiwanzhuang Community and Enjili Community, which became the shining milestone in the history of new Chinese settlements.
1998年国务院下发《国务院关于进一步深化城镇住房制度改革加快住房建设的通知》（国发[1998]23号）。2002年，国土资源部令第11号颁发使得城市土地招拍挂制度逐渐形成，土地稀缺性凸显。短期内诸多因素助推使得中国房地产进入发展快车道，正式进入中国房地产“黄金十年”。
进入2004年，国家减少土地供应，土地价格进一步走高，房价上涨。2008年，我国四万亿救市，全国房价又一轮暴涨。2015年，房地产销售持续上涨。随着住房制度的稳定及政策的不断变更，房地产行业持续迎来“白银”“黑铁”时代，政策与市场循环主导，正是这最近的20年间，才真正实现了中国房地产“国家支柱产业”的愿景。
In 1998, the State Council issued the “Notice of the State Council on Further Deepening Urban Housing System Reform and Accelerating Housing Construction” (Guofa [1998] No. 23). In 2002, the Ministry of Land and Resources promulgated Order No. 11, which led to the gradual formation of the urban land bidding, auction and listing system, highlighting the scarcity of land. In the short term, many factors have pushed China’s real estate into the fast lane of development and officially entered the “golden decade” of Chinese real estate industry.
In 2004, the policy reduced land supply, land prices further increased, and housing prices rose. In 2008, our country rescued the market with 4 trillion yuan, and housing prices across the country skyrocketed again. In 2015, real estate sales continued to rise. With the stability of the housing system and constant changes in policies, the real estate industry continues to usher in the era of “silver” and “black iron”, dominated by policy and market cycles. It is just in the last 20 years that Chinese real estate has truly become a “national pillar industry” vision.
纵观全局，1998年是一个大的分水岭，房地产景观正式从规划体系中剥离开来，由房地产企业真正在资本市场不断加护下持续发展，规划专业彻底退出红线之外，将住区的规划与设计主导权彻底交给房地产开发商。
而2005年前后，是一个小的分水领，在这期间，以“强排”为标志 ，包括用足容积率、紧贴边界、卡紧间距、用足限低限高等等细致原则，以及追求最高盈利强度排布的地产建筑总图排布的通用规则，逐渐明朗。无论房地产商大小、住区区位、所在城市，只这一条通用规则是最为根本。从建筑师层面上，基于数据分析和场地条件认识，以产品逻辑和商业逻辑为设计生成策略，从商业设计机构到头部设计院，无一例外。
Looking at the overall situation, 1998 was a big watershed. The real estate landscape was officially separated from the planning system, and real estate companies really continued to develop under the constant protection of the capital market. The planning profession was completely withdrawn from the “ red line”, and the planning of residential areas The right to design and design is completely handed over to real estate developers.
Around 2005, it was a small water-dividing area. During this period, it was marked by “strong drainage”, including the detailed principles of using sufficient volume ratio, sticking to the boundary, tightening the spacing, using sufficient minimum and high limit, and so on. The general rules for the layout of real estate construction plans that pursue the highest profit intensity layout are gradually becoming clear. Regardless of the size of the real estate agent, the location of the residential area, or the city where it is located, only this general rule is the most fundamental. From the perspective of architects, based on data analysis and understanding of site conditions, product logic and business logic are used as design generation strategies, from commercial design agencies to head design institutes, without exception.
我们可以得出这样一个结论 We can draw such a conclusion：
中国的房地产行业积累多年，几经变革才能有快速发展的机遇，于是便不断前进，长久之间，不曾回头一顾。数十年来，尽管设计风格动态变化，20年来中国地产景观空间实质的生产规则早已定型，衍生的只是更高的效率，更成熟的运作机制，住宅的真正主体建设的空间逻辑本质再无实质性突破。但我们的观察不止于此，还有更为有趣的事实：
Chinese real estate industry has been accumulated for many years, and only after several changes can it have opportunities for rapid development, so it keeps moving forward without looking back for a long time. For decades, despite the dynamic changes in design styles, the actual production rules for the real estate landscape space have been finalized in the past 20 years, and what has been derived is only higher efficiency and a more mature operating mechanism. breakthrough. But our observations don’t stop , there are more interesting facts:
“我所谈的是技术对艺术的玷污， 和它最终导致的艺术的转型。“——瓦尔特·本雅明
“What I’m talking about is the contamination of art by technology, and the transformation of art that it ultimately leads to. “— Walter Benjamin
前文已提到，中国房地产在商业化发展之路上勇往直前，房价持续暴涨，温州炒房团的诞生进一步确认了房地产满足居住属性之外强烈的商业属性。是投资，就需要比拼价值。对有限的景观空间持续地进行吸引力的潜力挖掘，对前期成本的逐步倾斜，最终促成了房地产景观售楼处，及所谓示范区的诞生。示范区就是对未来向往生活的朝圣，更是景观设计商品属性的典型代表。作为新楼盘的代表，在荒芜的土地中孑然独立，点亮新城，对新的开发项目所在区域的城市活力和吸引力的影响，被赋予带来销售业绩增长的深厚希望。
一旦设计变成了商品，是否再以从前设计的价值体系和标准来看待，是这一属性认定首先要提出的问题。必须认识到，当设计变为商品，所有属于商品的现代化特性都毫无例外的被引申到设计本身。市场的认可在艺术作品的生产和接受过程中的干预作用变得愈发明显，以应用技术突破为指导，追求新奇并需要量产，设计变得可以“复制”，内核千篇一律，竞品之间没有明显的优势与区别成了司空见惯。非理性的紫牛现象层出不穷，在技术和材料支持下对造型的无限追求被演绎到了疯魔的程度。种种现象，皆归因于其商品属性。
As mentioned above, Chinese real estate is advancing bravely on the road to commercialization, and housing prices continue to skyrocket. The birth of the Wenzhou real estate speculators group further confirms that real estate meets strong commercial attributes beyond residential attributes. It is an investment, and we need to compete for value. Continuously tapping the attractive potential of the limited landscape space, and gradually tilting the initial cost, finally led to the birth of the real estate landscape sales office and the so-called demonstration area. The demonstration area is a pilgrimage to the longing for life in the future, and it is also a typical representative of the commodity attributes of landscape design. As a representative of new real estate, it stands alone in the barren land and lights up the new city. Its impact on the urban vitality and attractiveness of the area where the new development project is located is endowed with deep hopes for sales growth.
Once a design becomes a commodity, whether to look at it with the value system and standards of the previous design is the first question to be raised in the identification of this attribute. It must be recognized that when a design becomes a commodity, all the modern characteristics belonging to the commodity are extended to the design itself without exception. The intervention of market recognition in the production and acceptance of artworks has become more and more obvious. Guided by breakthroughs in applied technology, the pursuit of novelty requires mass production, and the design can be “reproduced”. No obvious advantages and distinctions became commonplace. The phenomenon of irrational purple cows emerges endlessly, and the infinite pursuit of modeling with the support of technology and materials has been interpreted to the point of madness. All kinds of phenomena are attributed to its commodity attributes.
当房地产兼任国民经济支柱，彻底褪去多轨并行的束缚后，地产行业背后空间塑造逻辑便再被简化到“溢价”这唯一的一根杠杆上。于是地产景观设计的创造力再鲜少与空间的结构性塑造有关，全部流于表面化的装饰上，即表皮化。地产景观设计的实质在于微整形和表皮塑造，不同设计观感的小区，其实质性空间结构是趋于一致的。
在红线范围和建筑被牢牢框定的“空间”里，多数景观设计师们没有能力拓宽围墙的范围，至多能稍稍修改道路的走向，创造“格式化”后的空间的表面是最为朴实的任务。现代风格、欧式风格、中式风格竞相登场，在有限的条件下，小心翼翼地进行着局部的，表面的且极费功夫的设计，无非在门口、通廊、楼间几处定性的空间下来回打滚。
表皮化的特点于地产商业的属性作用效果显著。以“空无一人的空镜”为手段，将空间作为商品，展示给真正的“消费者”而非体验者和观赏者。剥去“外衣”之后，其实将设计的本质，空间的介入重点放在远离功能，或至少功能被严格限定的地方。
When the real estate industry become the pillar of the national economy, the shackles of multi-track parallelism are completely removed, the space shaping logic behind the real estate industry will be simplified to the only lever of “premium”. Therefore, the creativity of real estate landscape design is barely related to the structural shaping of the space, and all of it is in the superficial decoration, that is, the surface. The essence of real estate landscape design lies in micro-shaping and skin shaping. The substantive spatial structure of communities with different design perceptions tends to be consistent.
In the “space” where the red line and the building are firmly framed, most designers are unable to expand the scope of the wall, at most they can slightly modify the direction of the road, and creating the surface of the “formatted” space is the simplest task. Modern style, European style, and Chinese style are competing to appear on the stage. Under limited conditions, partial, superficial and labor-intensive designs are carefully carried out, which is nothing more than rolling back and forth in several qualitative spaces such as doorways, corridors, and buildings gaps.
The characteristics of superficiality have a significant effect on the attributes of real estate business. Using the “empty mirror” as a means, the space is used as a commodity to show real “consumers” rather than experiencers and viewers. After stripping off the “cloak”, the essence of design and the intervention of space are actually placed far away from functions, or at least where functions are strictly limited.
30余年来，地产景观随着商品房市场作用愈加强烈的历史演进中，每一步的发展，都有一定时期的间隔，而跳接的节奏是越来越快。2000年，东南亚风格以其来自热带雨林的自然之美和浓郁的休闲度假风格风靡一时，广州星河湾的诞生标志了第一批风格化产品登上历史舞台。紧随其后，拥有美丽风景和丰富艺术底蕴的托斯卡纳风格为代表的一系列欧美风进入市场。随着国力壮大，“新中式风格”席卷而来。长达十余年时间，中式风格在建筑，景观，家具，产品等多领域发挥影响力，被认为是新一代设计师和消费市场共同孕育出的属于中国设计界的本土觉醒。
Over the past 30 years, the real estate landscape greatly developed with the growing commercial housing market, each step of development has a certain interval of time, and the pace of jumping is getting faster and faster. In 2000, the Southeast Asian style was all the rage for its natural beauty from the tropical rainforest and rich leisure and vacation style. The birth of Star River in Guangzhou marked the first batch of stylized products on the stage of history. Immediately afterwards, a series of European and American styles represented by the Tuscan style with beautiful scenery and rich artistic heritage entered the market. With the growth of national power, “the new Chinese style” swept across. For more than ten years, the Chinese style has exerted influence in many fields such as architecture, landscape, furniture, and products. It is considered to be the local awakening of the Chinese design industry, which was jointly bred by a new generation of designers and the consumer market.
回顾过去20年，当风潮渐盛，几个大盘规模浩浩荡荡，垄断一切，影响波及整个地产景观设计圈，作为乙方的设计公司再没了做主张的可能。地产商们主导下的审美已如洪流，新产品出来，设计师只有跟风的份儿。好在版权并不重要，“抄袭更是最隆重的赞美”，于是一波又一波的风格此起彼伏，细节虽不能逐一复制，但轮廓风貌尽可灵活适配，一样能够适应嗷嗷待哺的市场需要，神盘层出不穷。
到了2017年，地产景观设计已经再无可回避，被戏称为地产景观的“撞脸”年。从地产商角度，撞脸这个事客观上是经济发展中回避不了的一个问题。在过去的十几年里，房地产行业一直处于一种高速发展的态势。每一个地产商都对自己的市场份额设定了非常高的目标，在这种情况下，采用统一的控制方式减少项目周转期。这种选择客观上造成了地产项目的撞脸。而当市场对某一种产品有着很高的认同度后，大家更倾向于选择顺应市场的做法以规避可预知的风险。
Looking back on the past 20 years, when the trend became more and more popular, a few large-scale companies monopolized everything and affected the entire real estate landscape design circle. As the design company of Party B, it was no longer possible to make a claim. The aesthetics led by real estate developers has become like a torrent. When new products come out, designers can only follow suit. Fortunately, copyright is not important, “plagiarism is the most solemn compliment”, so there are waves of styles one after another. Although the details cannot be copied one by one, the outline and style can be flexibly adapted to meet the needs of the market that is waiting for food. There are endless celebrities.
By 2017, real estate landscape design has become unavoidable, and it has been jokingly called the year of “bumping faces” in real estate landscape. From the perspective of real estate developers, face bumping is objectively an unavoidable problem in economic development. In the past ten years, the real estate industry has been in a state of rapid development. Each real estate developer has set a very high target for their own market share. In this case, the unified control method is adopted to reduce the project turnover period. This choice objectively caused real estate projects to collide. And when the market has a high degree of recognition for a certain product, everyone is more inclined to follow the market to avoid predictable risks.
追求“立异标新”的态度愈发明显。一时间，各种造型仿佛不“拗”出足够夺人眼球的姿态，便不敢自称有所设计，谈何创新。2019年以后，设计师们致力于制造这样的风格，有一段时期好像更是呈现出只要是新作品，便非要做出众人未见过的造型不可，新的技术与结构的工业化进步，更将这种风潮推送至极限。这段时期暂被本文命名为地产景观的“后造型主义时期”，制造一百种相仿而不重样的造型，需要时间，而欣赏它，也同样不易。逐渐有声音开始对这些“日趋夸张”的造型盛宴表示异议。
The attitude of pursuing “innovation ” is becoming more and more obvious. For a while, the various shapes seemed not to “stagger” enough to catch people’s attention, so they dared not claim to have designed it, and there was no innovation. After 2019, designers are committed to creating such a style. For a period of time, it seems that as long as it is a new work, it has to make a shape that no one has seen before. The industrialization of new technology and structure, and more Push this fad to the limit. This period is tentatively named by this article as the “Post-Plasticism Period” of real estate landscapes. It takes time to create a hundred similar but not repetitive shapes, and it is also not easy to appreciate them. Gradually, these “increasingly exaggerated” styling feasts started being criticized.
当夸张的造型越来越被市场推崇， 姿态却难免越发刻意明显，表现出僵硬刻板的形式，也更表现出这一代设计师在面对多变的空间需求时一味追“网红感”的无能为力，可以说，后期现代风格的造型夸张化和疯魔化，与前期现代风格最初去除装饰化、元素化的堆砌感背道而驰。单纯的、过度的追求视觉造型带来的短期利益并不能长久地引领整体行业的发展，当设计好不容易从风格元素的复制和粘贴中走出，又被拖入没有穷尽的造型扭曲的泥潭，其背后产生的影响实在让人忧心。
When the exaggerated shape is more and more respected by the market, the posture is inevitably more deliberate and obvious, showing a rigid orm, and it also shows that this generation of designers blindly pursues “net celebrity” in the face of changing space needs. Powerless, it can be said that the exaggerated and crazy shapes of the late modern style run counter to the original sense of stacking that removed decoration and elementalization in the early modern style. The short-term benefits brought by the simple and excessive pursuit of visual modeling cannot lead the development of the whole industry for a long time. The impact behind it is really worrying.
进入2022年尾声的时候，地产景观行业规模以肉眼可见的速度在不断缩小，幸存下来且还没有“躺平”的地产商作为甲方，将设计要求逐步聚焦 – 以卖出去房子为唯一目标。行业整体越来越“卷”，于是我们听到了这样的要求。
At the end of 2022, the scale of the real estate landscape industry is shrinking at a speed visible to the naked eye. The real estate developers who have survived and have not yet “lay flat” will gradually focus on the design requirements-with the sole goal of selling the house. The industry as a whole is getting more and more “rolled”, so we heard such requests.
既然设计是“泛时尚”商品，在特殊的社会经济背景下，需要有丰富多彩的样式来满足一切可能的嗜好并不难理解。文丘里在其著作《建筑的复杂性和矛盾性》中的讨论也有助于看待当下地产景观的诸多现象。柯林·罗在其著作《拼贴城市》中，对 “拼贴”（法语：bricoler）概念的深入讨论也可以在学术高度上有所指引，但更为直接有效的指出当下地产景观局面的，仍非“折衷主义”不可。
“折衷主义”（ Eclecticism) 是19世纪至20世纪在欧美盛极一时的一种建筑创作思潮， 不同于历史主义或某种复兴，折衷主义越过样式上的局限，任意选择历史上的风格与元素，也称“集仿主义”。这在建筑史中被一笔带过的时期，其实曾在“新建筑”运动出现前占据一段漫长的历史时期，影响也非常深刻。更重要的是，其商业上的成功。 希腊、罗马、拜占庭、哥特于同一作品中杂然并峙，也许不是传统意义上的和谐和美好，但至少是新颖的。有了这样的视角再去看待“既要、又要、也要、还要”，也许是地产景观整体经过思考和抉择得出的正确的结论。
Since design is a “pan-fashion” commodity, it should be not difficulty to understand the situation, that it is necessary to have a variety of styles to satisfy all possible preferences under the special socio-economic background. Venturi’s discussions in his book” Complexity and Contradiction” in Architecture are also helpful in looking at many phenomena in the current real estate landscape. Colin Rowe’s in-depth discussion of the concept of “collage” (French: bricoler) in his book “Collage City” can also provide guidance on an academic level, but it is more direct and effective to point out the current real estate landscape situation. , still must be “eclecticism”.
“Eclecticism” is a trend of architectural creation that flourished in Europe and the United States from the 19th to the 20th century. Different from historicism or revival, eclecticism transcends the limitations of styles and chooses historical styles and elements arbitrarily. Also known as “imitationism”. This period, which has been passed so quick in the history of architecture textbook, actually occupied a long historical period before the emergence of the “New Architecture” movement, and its influence was also very profound. More important part is its commercial success. Greece, Rome, Byzantium, and Gothic coexist in the same work, which may not be harmonious and beautiful in the traditional sense, but at least it is novel. With such a perspective, looking at “we want everything” may be the correct conclusion drawn from the overall consideration and choice of the real estate landscape.
以戏剧化的方式表达属于“折衷”又或“拼贴”的做法比比皆是， 这里是“日式”的禅意置石，而那里是一个充满东南亚度假风情的景墙，某个门头的中心雕塑又是中国某非遗继承的“大师之作”。 即使在细部，这种精神也被完全的表达出来。项目的主导们坚持这是某种更具意义的创作，即诚挚的“溯源”，又可以彻底迈出风格化与周期性的束缚。单纯地站在设计学的理论高度反驳甚至攻击“折衷主义”是十分容易的，“为了生存，它们只能保持两幅面孔”，地产景观到底能多大程度地为一个项目提升附加价值，也许正取决于其“折衷”的水准， 其“拼贴”的技巧，我们称之为：
There are many ways to express “eclectic” or “collage” in a dramatic way. Here is a “Japanese-style” Zen stone setting, while there is a landscape wall full of Southeast Asian holiday styles. The central sculpture is also a “masterpiece” inherited from a Chinese intangible cultural heritage. Even in the details, this spirit is fully expressed. The leaders of the project insist that this is a more meaningful creation, that is, a sincere “tracing of the source”, and it can completely step away from the shackles of stylization and periodicity. It is very easy to refute or even attack “eclecticism” simply from the theoretical height of design. “In order to survive, they can only maintain two faces.” The extent to which real estate landscape can increase the added value of a project may be precisely Depending on the level of its “compromise”, its “collage” technique, we call it:
▽日本 东京· 虹夕诺雅 京都店 庭院空间 Courtyard space of Noya Kyoto Store, Tokyo, Japan
我们清晰地看到这种“折衷“或“拼贴”的影子，这种做法在近年来的国内外景观事务所的“名作”中并不少见，甚至我们自己的作品也必须遵照这样的“规则”去呈现。2022年疫情期间，保利集团作品泉州自在海项目由笛东出品，一经推出即极大激活当地经济、推动当地文旅事业发展，是一个综合了网红风格的展示建筑，网红文旅标志“鼠尾草”花海，以及主题性“沙漠”植物景观作品，我们相信这一切并不是偶然的巧合。
We clearly see the shadow of this “compromise” or “collage”. This practice is not uncommon in the “masterpieces” of domestic and foreign landscape firms in recent years. rules” to present. During the epidemic in 2022, Poly Group’s Quanzhou Zizaihai project was produced by DDON. Once launched, it will greatly activate the local economy and promote the development of local cultural tourism. Sage” flower sea, and the themed “desert” plant landscape works, we believe that all these are not coincidences.
地产景观务必寻求更深入且创造性的认知体系，打破局限于居住区的单一模式，适应数年来日益扩大且综合的设计需求，而更为简单且直接的命题摆在眼前：
The real estate landscape must seek a deeper and creative cognitive system, break the single model limited to the residential area, and adapt to the ever-expanding and comprehensive design needs over the years, and a simpler and more direct proposition is in front of us:
从“场所精神”理论入手，在地设计倡导对场所中“人文”层面的关注，将价值关注从仪式感转向日常，以场所“容器”属性承载社会群体的“日常活动”为基础，挖掘场地文脉基底创造人与环境更动态直接的参与体验，赋予场地真正独一无二、丰富且持久的价值意义。而通过引入社会心理学的“场域“概念，打破建筑、景观、规划割裂的传统认知，拓展更高层面上实现场地与周边场所的联动，建立起从“场所”到“场域”的复合型设计思维，促进产生积极意义的社会沟通与交流，承担综合、发展、联动的设计任务以在更广泛的城市与社会范畴中考量景观设计的更深的影响力。
Starting from the theory of “spirit of place”, on-site design advocates paying attention to the “humanities” level of the place, shifting the value focus from the sense of ritual to daily life, and based on the “daily activities” of social groups carried by the “container” attribute of the place, excavating the site. The context base creates a more dynamic and direct participation experience between people and the environment, endowing the site with truly unique, rich and lasting value. By introducing the concept of “field” from social psychology, breaking the traditional cognition of the separation of architecture, landscape, and planning, expanding the linkage between the site and surrounding places on a higher level, and establishing a relationship from “place” to “field” Composite design thinking promotes positive social communication and exchanges, and undertakes comprehensive, developmental, and linkage design tasks to consider the deeper influence of landscape design in a wider urban and social category.
在地设计的系统实现，以”区位价值”为核心基础，在强调其重要性的基础上区分不同类型的区位价值塑造路径，对成熟、天然的历史与地域文脉充分借势以确保其优势价值得到最大程度的体现。而对其它发展中地区区位价值挖掘，强调创造与重塑，以多重手段塑造实现项目价值预期。依据开发商主体不同、开发规模不同，地块功能复合度等多重因素，细分为四个层级，不同层级规划、建筑、景观设计介入房地产开发的深度与方法各有区别，充分系统、细致地回应复合型地产景观设计思维强化需求。
The realization of the local design system takes “location value” as the core basis, distinguishes different types of location value shaping paths on the basis of emphasizing its importance, and fully leverages the mature and natural history and regional context to ensure its advantages The value is reflected to the greatest extent. For the mining of location value in other developing regions, it emphasizes creation and reshaping, and uses multiple means to shape and realize project value expectations. According to multiple factors such as different developers, different development scales, and complex functions of plots, it is subdivided into four levels. Different levels of planning, architecture, and landscape design have different depths and methods of intervention in real estate development. Respond systematically and meticulously to the strengthening needs of complex real estate landscape design thinking.
结语 peroration
在不同的历史时间段内，各种因素导向的设计模式均有发生和延续的可能，而身处一线的设计师更能深入感受地产设计运作环境的细微转变。比起过往，现在的我们更有机会能够进一步冷静下来思考，反思过去。我们相信，无论是基于对过去观察的思考总结，还是基于实践的属于地产景观设计认知体系的努力尝试，都在当下显得尤为重要。公众接受和感受的方式也是随着时代在改变。设计不只由资本和市场决定，也取决于身处其中的每个人。
In different historical time periods, various factor-oriented design models are likely to occur and continue, and designers in the front line can deeply feel the subtle changes in the operating environment of real estate design. Compared with the past, we now have more opportunities to calm down and reflect on the past. We believe that whether it is based on the reflection and summary of past observations or the practice-based attempt to belong to the cognitive system of real estate landscape design, it is particularly important at the moment. The way the public accepts and feels is also changing with the times. Design is not only determined by capital and the market, but also by everyone inside.
文中部分图片来源于网络，版权归原作者所有
审稿编辑：Maggie
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