Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center by BAM

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百安木：上海最新垃圾焚烧发电中心，年减碳超300万吨

上海在可持续废弃物处理设施领域迈出了重要一步，新落成的宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心由BAM百安木设计，是一座以城市生活垃圾为燃料的电厂。该项目原址为燃煤高炉，如今在上海的碳减排战略中承担着关键角色。通过取代旧有工业设施，并将垃圾从填埋场（温室气体最大排放源之一）转移，该中心每年可减少超过300万吨碳排放。这一新中心在探索循环经济的同时，也展示了垃圾处理基础设施如何演变为可持续的城市地标。

BAM：Shanghai’s Newest Waste-to-Energy Center Saves Over 3 Million Tons of Carbon a Year

Shanghai has taken a giant stride toward sustainable waste infrastructure with the newly unveiled Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center, the city’s latest power plant fueled by household waste. Formerly the site of a coal-fired blast furnace, the facility now plays a critical role in Shanghai’s carbon reduction strategy. By replacing the old industry and diverting waste from landfills—one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions—the center saves over 3 million tons of carbon emissions annually. Designed by Ballistic Architecture Machine (BAM), this new type of facility represents a significant step towards the circular economy, showing how waste infrastructure can evolve into sustainable urban landmarks.

这座12.8万平方米的综合体包括两种废物处理方式：产生电能的焚烧发电装置和生产沼气的厌氧消化系统。在最佳效率下，四线焚烧炉日处理能力达3,000吨，同时，厌氧消化单元每天处理超过8,000吨湿垃圾。尽管体量庞大，BAM设计团队却有意识地避免了现代工业建筑中常见的”装饰棚屋”模式，而是采用伪装与融合的设计策略，即建筑与景观相结合，并叠加包括“垃圾博物馆”和多样化休闲设施在内的公共功能。该策略将这座原本单一的工业设施，塑造为一处充满活力的教育科普目的地，也是一处建筑景观交汇的新型城市地标。

This 128,000 sqm complex includes two types of waste processing: an incineration component that generates electricity and an anaerobic digestion unit producing biogas. At optimum efficiency, the four-line incinerator handles 3,000 metric tons daily. Meanwhile, the anaerobic digestion unit converts over 8,000 metric tons of wet waste per day. Yet, for the design of this massive facility, BAM consciously stepped away from the ‘decorated shed’ paradigm so prevalent in modern industrial infrastructure. Instead, the team pioneers a camouflage approach combining architectural and landscape design with public programming, including an immersive factory tour, a museum of waste, and an array of recreational facilities. What could have been a monolithic industrial site is instead a dynamic educational destination and a new type of urban landmark at the intersection of landscape and architecture.

▽场地原貌

▽设计构想

▽立面概念模型

▽设计将这座原本单一的工业设施，塑造为一处充满活力的教育科普目的地

不同于许多仅聚焦建筑本体的垃圾处理项目，BAM的设计视野延伸至整个场地，将建筑与其周边景观作为一个整体进行统筹与融合。建筑体量被塑造成一座“山体”，立面在视觉上模拟地质层理的形态与秩序。为满足消防安全需求，屋顶设有大型开口，使得建筑并非一个完全封闭的体量。由于立面具有良好的通透性，当人们近距离或从建筑内部向外体验时，这座建筑更像是一层“外壳”，而非传统意义上的封闭建筑体量；而从远处望去，它又呈现出极具存在感的、山岳般的整体形象，二者形成了鲜明对比。建筑并未以强势姿态压迫周边环境，而是通过开口与穿孔的处理方式，弱化其庞大的体量感，使其逐渐“退入”场地与景观之中。位于屋顶之上的 10 公顷公共公园进一步强化了这种建筑与景观的融合关系，为市民提供集休闲、教育与公共互动于一体的绿色空间，同时巧妙地遮蔽了下方的工业功能。整体而言，该项目形成了一种非常规的建筑类型，在其中，建筑与景观的边界被刻意模糊，呈现出一种介于二者之间的复合形态。

Unlike other waste management projects, which often focus solely on the architecture, BAM’s design extends to the entire site, integrating the building and its surrounding landscape. BAM shapes the building massing into a mountain, while the façade visually mimics geological layers. The roof consists of large openings to satisfy fire safety requirements, resulting in a design that is not fully enclosed. With its permeable façade, the architecture appears more as a shell than a traditional building when experienced up close and from the inside out. This stands in stark contrast to the massive mountain-like presence the building presents from afar. Rather than imposing itself on the landscape, the building is designed to recede into the environment, with openings and perforations that soften its monumental presence. A 10-hectare roof park further reinforces this integration, offering green space for recreation, education, and public interaction, while concealing the industrial functions below. In totality, this results in an unconventional building typology where the lines between architecture and landscape are rather ambiguous.

▽建筑体量被塑造成一座“山体”，立面在视觉上模拟地质层理的形态与秩序

在游客入口广场，富有图案感的结构从工业立面中俏皮地浮现，形成了一片”微型城市”，其中容纳了充满活力的展览和休闲空间。参观者由此进入 “垃圾博物馆”，开启一段从自然历史到垃圾能源化的沉浸式体验之旅。

At the visitor’s entrance, patterned structures playfully emerge from the façade, forming the ‘mini-city’—a vibrant complex of exhibition and leisure spaces. The highlight of this area is the Museum of Waste, an immersive experience that takes visitors on a journey through the waste-to-energy (WTE) process.

▽垃圾博物入口广场

通过公众教育实现可持续性

“垃圾博物馆”通过一系列主题化空间，引导学生与公众了解“垃圾的故事”。在这些沉浸式环境中，传统的课本与讲授被暂时抛在一旁，参观者仿佛被带入一场穿越时间的旅程——从史前恐龙时代，到化石能源的诞生，再到工业革命，以及塑料与半导体等颠覆性发明的出现。随着参观动线的推进，观众逐渐直面垃圾问题所带来的巨大规模与现实压力，与此同时，这一过程也激发人们反思自身在应对废弃物挑战中的角色与责任，鼓励公众从“被动旁观者”转变为积极的参与者。

继续参观之旅，垃圾焚烧发电体验馆为参观者提供了近距离了解垃圾处理关键环节的机会，包括抓斗操作、控制室运行、焚烧、袋式除尘系统和涡轮机房操作。在涡轮机房，一场4D影院体验将”垃圾的故事”生动呈现，使参观者直观感受设施内部复杂而精密的运行机制。工厂参观的最后一站是占地10公顷的绿色屋顶公园，通过屋顶峡谷般的开口，参观者们得以再次窥见下方运转的垃圾处理设施。

Sustainability Through Public Education

The Museum of Waste guides schoolchildren and the public through the ‘Story of Trash’ via a sequence of thematic spaces. Through these immersive environments, textbooks and lectures are left behind as children are transported through time, encountering dinosaurs, the birth of fossil fuels, the Industrial Revolution, and the revolutionary inventions of plastics and semiconductors. As visitors progress through the exhibition, they gradually come face-to-face with the overwhelming scope of the waste problem but also are inspired to contemplate their own role in addressing the waste challenge.

Continuing the journey, the WTE Experience Hall offers an up-close look at key stages of waste processing, including crane operations, control room functions, incineration, baghouse filtration, and turbine room operations. In the turbine room, a 4D cinema experience animates the ‘Story of Trash’ narrative, bringing the inner workings of the facility to life. The factory tour culminates with the 10-hectare green roof park, offering a final peek into the waste-processing machine through the canyon-like openings in the roof.

▽一系列主题化空间，引导学生与公众了解“垃圾的故事”（概念图）

宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心通过整合垃圾焚烧发电和厌氧消化两大设施，实现了垃圾处理领域的创新飞跃。这种整合也使垃圾能够被高效处理，有机物被转化为沼气，用于多样化的应用，而非有机垃圾则通过焚烧产生电力。这种双重路径不仅提高了能源回收效率，还通过最大化资源利用与最小化废弃物，支持了循环经济的核心原则。虽然在现有可持续性标准下，将附加材料与资源整合（如维持屋顶公园）可能面临一定挑战，但BAM设计团队的愿景是将该项目定位为一种过渡性的“原型”。它是一种实验性探索，旨在将工业设施重新整合进城市核心区，为未来更绿色的技术发展奠定基础，并助力上海实现 2060 年碳中和的长期目标。

The Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center presents an innovative leap in waste management by integrating both waste-to-energy incineration and anaerobic digestion facilities. This combination allows for efficient processing of waste, where organic materials are converted into biogas for diverse applications, while non-organic waste is incinerated to generate electricity. This dual approach not only enhances energy recovery but also supports the principles of a circular economy by maximizing resource utilization and minimizing waste. While the integration of additional materials and resources (such as sustaining a park on the roof) may be challenging when evaluated solely against current sustainability standards, BAM’s vision is to establish this project as a transitional prototype. It is an experimental step toward integrating industrial facilities within urban cores, laying the groundwork for future green technologies and contributing to Shanghai’s long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2060.

▽更新后的宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心夜景氛围

▽碳中和的愿景

将安全且清洁的垃圾处理基础设施引入城市核心区，是推动废弃物管理范式转变的关键。这需要重塑公众认知，以突破 “邻避效应” 所带来的社会阻力。最终目标是迈向真正的循环经济——在这一未来中，垃圾焚烧发电技术本身也将逐步退出历史舞台，而建筑则转化为纯粹的公共城市空间。从这一角度看，宝山项目不仅是一座建筑，更是一座将垃圾转化为能源、并重塑社会对垃圾认知的城市地标。

Moving safe and clean waste infrastructure into the city core is key to furthering the paradigm shift in waste management. This requires reshaping public perceptions to overcome “Not-In-My-Backyard” (NIMBY) social resistance. The ultimate goal is the transition to a circular economy where waste-to-energy technology itself eventually becomes obsolete and the building becomes a civic space. In this light, the Baoshan project is not just a building but an urban landmark transforming waste into energy and reshaping social perceptions of waste.

▽设计图纸

项目名称：宝山垃圾焚烧发电中心
竣工年份：2025年
地点：中国上海
业主：宝金刚
年份：2019-2025年
服务范围：主导建筑设计、主导景观设计、总体规划
状态：已完成
规划面积：355,000 平方米
建筑面积：128,000 平方米
景观面积：110,000 平方米
干垃圾处理能力：3,000 吨/天
有机垃圾处理能力：8,000 吨/天
合作方：BAM百安木 (建筑、景观、总体规划)；ARUP (结构与消防顾问)；Hyder (幕墙顾问)；五洲 (结构及施工图单位)
摄影师：Derryck Menere

Project Name: Baoshan Waste-to-Energy Center
Year Completed: 2025
Location: Shanghai, China
Client: Baojinggang
Year: 2019-2025
Scope: Lead Architecture Design, Lead Landscape Design, Masterplanning
Status: Complete
Planning Area: 355,000 m²
Architecture Size: 128,000 m²
Landscape Area: 110,000 m²
Dry Waste Capacity: 3,000 tons/day
Organic Waste Capacity: 8,000 tons/day
Collaborators: BAM (Architecture, Landscape, Masterplanning); ARUP (Structural and Fire
Consulting); Hyder (Façade Consultant); Wuzhou (Facilities).
Photographer: Derryck Menere