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叙野景观：水景重塑，从人工池塘到生态复合水体
项目基址原为一处人工痕迹显著的水体，我们将其原有的3个长方形人工池塘进行生态化改造，拆除硬质驳岸，构建自然蜿蜒的岸线，改造为自然形态的湖面、蜿蜒的动态溪流以及种植水杉的岛屿湖，构建了一个功能与审美交织的复合水体系统。
Narrascape：Waterscape Reshaping: From Artificial Pond to Ecological Waterscape
The original site was dominated by three artificial rectangular ponds. We ecologically transformed them by removing hard revetments and constructing naturally meandering shorelines. These were converted into a naturally shaped lake, a winding dynamic stream, and an island lake planted with swamp cypresses. This created a composite water system where function and aesthetics intertwine.
▽一座自然主义花园的动态美学实践
位于上游的首个池塘被拓展为面积最大、水深最深的生态湖。它不仅是花园的核心灌溉蓄水池，更承担着生态调蓄的功能。其两侧的植物配置刻意强化了荒野感与原生感——选用大量本地宿根植物与观赏草，如野棉花、细叶画眉草、大滨菊、山桃草以及各种水生植物，营造出一种开阔、宏大的自然叙事氛围。
The uppermost pond was expanded into the largest and deepest ecological lake. It serves not only as the garden’s core irrigation source and water storage reservoir but also provides ecological regulation functions. The planting on its banks intentionally enhances a sense of wilderness andnatural authenticity— utilizing abundant native perennial plants and ornamental grasses, such as Anemone vitifolia, fine-leaf lovegrass, Shasta daisy, Gaura lindheimeri, and various aquatic plants—creating an open, grand, natural narrative atmosphere.
▽改造前的荒芜自然
▽是花园的核心灌溉蓄水池，更承担着生态调蓄的功能的生态湖
中间的池塘依据自然地形的高差，被改造为一条蜿蜒曲折的生态溪流。水流层层跌落，不仅带来了悦耳的声景，更增加了水体的溶氧量，提升了生态活性。溪流与上层湖面高差的坡地，种植了羽毛草、乱子草绿雾等柔质感植物为基底，形成朦胧的效果，尤其在夕阳斜照时，光影与摇曳的草影交织，极具诗意。在此基础上，点缀圆锥绣球、大丽花等体量感强、花型饱满的植物，形成细腻与粗犷的质感对比。
The middle pond, following the site’s natural elevation changes, was transformed into a winding ecological stream. The cascading water not only creates a pleasing soundscape but also enhances water oxygenation, boosting ecological activity. On the slopes between the stream and the upper lake, soft-textured plants like Nassella tenuissima and Muhlenbergia capillaris were used as a base, creating a hazy effect—particularly poetic when backlit by the low-angled evening sun, where light and shadow interweave with the swaying grasses. Against this backdrop, panicle hydrangeas and dahlias—plants selected for their strong presence and full blooms—were strategically interspersed to create a striking contrast between delicate and wild textures.
▽中间的池塘依据自然地形的高差，被改造为一条蜿蜒曲折的生态溪流
下游的池塘则被转化为以水杉种植岛为特色的浅水湖面。水深控制在40-50公分，既保证了水生植物的生长条件，也使其成为划船观景的绝佳场所。沿岸保留了原生的芦苇群落，同时增加了菖蒲、水葱等挺水植物，进一步净化水质的同时，也为水生物种提供了栖息地。水杉林与湖岛系统的结合，不仅丰富了竖向空间层次，更在季相上增添了秋日的金黄色彩，使其成为一个兼具生态功能与游憩体验的沉浸式空间。
The downstream pond was converted into a shallow lake characterized by planting islands of Taxodium distichum. With a maintained depth of 40-50 cm, it provides optimal conditionsfor aquatic plants while remaining suitable for boating and viewing. Native reed communities were preserved along the shoreline, complemented by emergent plants such as sweet flag and bulrush to enhance water purification and support aquatic habitats. This integration of Taxodium distichum groves and a lake-island system not only enriches vertical spatial layers but also introduces golden autumn hues to the seasonal landscape, resulting in an immersive space that blends ecological functions with recreational experiences.
▽下游的池塘则被转化为以水杉种植岛为特色的浅水湖面
植物策略：以习性为本，色系为表
我们依据植物的生态习性和观赏属性（色系）进行双重编码，将花园划分为9个特色鲜明的区域：
按色系编码：设立红绿、黄蓝、粉紫、白色及暗黑五个主题花园。这些区域集中于光照充足处，以满足绝大多数观赏开花宿根植物的生理需求。
Planting Strategy: Ecology as Foundation, Color as Expression
The garden’s planting design integrates ecological adaptability with ornamental aesthetics, organized into nine distinct zones:
Color-Themed Zones：Five vibrant gardens were established, each emphasizing specific chromatic harmonies: Red-Green Contrast, Yellow-Blue Harmony, Pink-Purple Gradient, White Monochrome, Dark (Black) Foliage Accents. These zones are strategically placed in sun-drenched areas to fulfill the light requirements of flowering perennials
▽按植物色系划分五个不同的主题花园
按习性编码：设置中草药花园、绣球花园、秋色花园与常绿花园。这些区域则依据植物对荫蔽、水分等的特定需求，布置于林下或边缘地带。
这种分区策略的本质，是将生态习性相似的植物归类种植，从而实现灌溉、施肥等养护管理的集约化，从设计源头显著降低长期维护成本。同时，以色系作为视觉组织线索，确保了花园在艺术构图上的秩序性与可辨识度，有效避免了自然主义设计可能带来的杂乱观感。
Habitats-Based Zones: Four ecologically tailored gardens cater to specialized plant needs: Chinese Medicinal Herb Garden (shade-tolerant species), Hydrangea Garden (moisture-loving varieties), Autumn Color Garden (deciduous trees for seasonal foliage), Evergreen Garden (year-round structure). These are situated in shaded or marginal microclimates, aligning with their shade, moisture, and soil preferences.
The essence of this zoning strategy lies in grouping plants with shared ecological requirements, enabling centralized maintenance practices such as irrigation and fertilization. This approach significantly reduces long-term upkeep costs from the design phase. Simultaneously, the use of color schemes as a visual organizing principle ensures artistic coherence and recognizability in the garden’s composition, mitigating the potential visual chaos inherent in naturalistic designs.
环境适配：光影与质感的深层设计
大理地处高原，强烈的直射光会削弱色彩的饱和度，但独特的低角度晨光与夕阳却能极大地强化植物的轮廓和质感。设计并未与这种气候特征对抗，而是将其转化为设计的核心要素。
光影的利用：在强光区域，大量运用白色、粉色、紫色等浅色系的小碎花植物（沙参、野棉花、报茎蓼）与摇曳的观赏草组合。它们在高原阳光下不易过曝，反而能形成一片朦胧、梦幻的光晕效果，强化了自然主义的浪漫气息。而对于黄色、红色等鲜艳色系，则将其与质感厚实、叶色浓绿的植物搭配，通过强烈的对比来突出其色彩活力，避免被“漂白”。
Environmental Adaptation: Deep Design with Light, Shadow, and Texture
Dali’s plateau location brings intense direct sunlight that may reduce color saturation, yet its unique low-angled morning and evening light dramatically highlights plant silhouettes and textures. Rather than resisting this climatic trait, the design harnesses it as a central element.
Utilizing Light and Shadow: In high-light areas, light-toned plants with delicate blooms (e.g., Adenophora stricta, Anemone vitifolia, Polygonum aviculare) are paired with swaying grasses to mitigate overexposure under the plateau sun. This combination creates a soft, dreamlike halo, amplifying the romanticism of naturalistic planting. For vibrant hues like yellow and red, bold-textured plants with deep green foliage (e.g., dahlias, cannas) are used to enhance color vitality through contrast, preventing visual “bleaching” under strong light.
▽植物营建一片朦胧、梦幻的光晕效果，强化了自然主义的浪漫气息
质感的对话：植物的质感是除了色彩之外的另一个重要设计维度。在红绿花园、暗黑花园等以厚重、热带感为主题的区域，选用了大丽花、大花芙蓉葵、百合等花朵硕大、质感饱满的植物，其热情奔放的特性与整体环境氛围相得益彰。而在白色花园、粉紫花园，则更多选用线条感强、质感轻柔的植物，如唐松草、山桃草、北美腹水草、紫菀等，营造轻盈灵动的氛围。
Dialogue of Textures: Texture serves as a critical design layer beyond color: In Red-Green, Dark Gardens, plants with large, voluminous blooms(Dahlias, hibiscus mutabilis, lilies) and substantial foliage reinforce a lush, exuberant atmosphere. In the White and Pink-Purple gardens, linear forms and fine textures(Thalictrum, Gaura lindheimeri, Veronicastrum virginicum, Asters) evoke lightness and delicacy, supported by dynamic light-shadow interplay.
▽选用线条感强、质感轻柔的植物，营造轻盈灵动的氛围
本土植物的价值发现与应用探索
我们大量应用了本土植物及中草药植物：桔梗、射干、岷江蓝雪花、唐松草、博落回、乌头、红花、羌活、川芎、前胡、野棉花、黄花败酱、单穗升麻、通脱木、沙参、珍珠菜、川续断等超过20种植物。
Value Discovery and Application of Native Plants
We extensively incorporated native and medicinal plant species (over 20 taxa, including Platycodon grandiflorus, Belamcanda chinensis, Ceratostigma willmottianum, Thalictrum, Macleaya cordata, Aconitum, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Notopterygium incisum, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Peucedanum praeruptorum, Anemone vitifolia, Patrinia scabiosifolia, Cimicifuga simplex, Tetrapanax papyriferus, Adenophora stricta, Lysimachia clethroides, and Dipsacus asperoides).
▽本土植物及中草药植物的应用
这些本土植物展现出三大优势：
生态适应性：这些乡土植物天生天养，对当地的气候、土壤有着极强的适应力，几乎不需要额外的呵护，真正实现了低维护。
时序之美：它们的花期多集中在夏秋，巧妙地接上了传统园艺植物的观赏空档，让花园的美丽得以延续。
文化内涵：中草药花园的设立，为景观注入了浓厚的文化气息，它不只是一个花园，更是一个可以讲述中国植物故事的文化课堂。
当然，我们也清醒认识到，云南的“植物王国”优势具有地域局限性。但本项目更重要的价值在于提供了一种方法论：即每个地区都应深入挖掘其本土植物资源，进行“在地性测试”，筛选出适合当地自然主义种植的“明星品种”，而非盲目照搬国外植物名录。
These native plants exemplify three core values:
Ecological Adaptability：As indigenous species, they are genetically attuned to local climates and soils, requiring minimal intervention—a cornerstone of sustainable, low-maintenance landscapes.
Temporal Aesthetics: Their concentrated blooming periods (summer to autumn) seamlessly bridge seasonal gaps in traditional horticultural displays, extending the garden’s visual continuity.
Cultural Narratives: The Chinese Medicinal Herb Garden transcends mere planting; it embodies a cultural dialogue where stories of ethnobotany and healing traditions converge.
While Yunnan’s “Plant Kingdom” status offers unique advantages, this project’s broader significance lies in its methodological framework. Prioritize native plant inventories and local suitability trials over imported species lists.
生命的回响：从植物花园到生态乐园
令人欣喜的是，随着生境变得多样，越来越多的”原住民”和”访客”不请自来。花园很快超越了其观赏功能，变成了一个充满生机的生态系统。我们观察到，鸟类频繁来此栖息，松鼠在林间轻快穿梭，依赖于特定蜜源植物的蝴蝶、蜜蜂群落日渐繁荣，而青蛙则成为水域的真正主人。这些动物的自发入驻，是对我们生态设计理念最动人的肯定，也让这里成为连接更大区域生物的”生态踏脚石”。
Echoes of Life: From Plant Garden to Ecological Sanctuary
A profound outcome emerged as habitat diversity increased: uninvited yet welcomed “original inhabitants” and “transient visitors” began to arrive. The garden shed its purely ornamental role, evolving into a dynamic, self-sustaining ecosystem. We documented birds nesting in newly established thickets, squirrels bounding through the understory, pollinator guilds (butterflies, bees) thriving on targeted nectar plants, and frogs colonizing the aquatic zones as keystone species. This spontaneous rewilding stands as the validation of our ecological design principles, elevating the site into a functional “stepping stone” within the regional biodiversity network.
▽丰富的自然生物多样性，花园很快超越了其观赏功能，变成了一个充满生机的生态系统
四季的叙事：一场关于时间的展览
如果说精心的设计为花园搭建了骨架，那么时间则是为其注入灵魂的艺术家。我们持续的对花园进行月度记录，清晰叙说了四个截然不同却又无缝衔接的季节篇章。
The Four Seasons Narrative: An Exhibition About Time
If meticulous design provided the garden’s structural, then time is the unseen artist animating its life. Our monthly documentation reveals four distinct yet fluid seasonal acts:
春之萌动（3-5月）：画面从冬日的沉寂中苏醒。大地回温，宿根植物破土而出，嫩绿的新叶成为主角。球根植物抽出新芽，林下的玉竹、玉簪悄然展叶，早春宿根植物迎来了第一波花期。此时的色彩是清新而充满希望的淡绿与鹅黄，画面稀疏却充满生命力。
Spring’s Awakening (March–May): The landscape stirs from winter’s slumber. Tender new foliage takes center stage—bulbs push through soil, shade-loving Hosta and Polygonatum odoratum unfurl quietly, and early perennials herald the first floral wave. The palette is fresh yet sparse: luminous greens and primrose yellows, embodying nascent vitality.
夏之绚烂（6-8月）：这是花园的高光时刻，但并非单一化的繁盛，不同区域的花期依次登场：绣球花园在漫射光下呈现出蓝紫色的清凉；粉紫花园在粉黛乱子草的映衬下，梦幻朦胧；黄蓝花园与红绿花园在高原的烈日下交织出浓郁而热烈的色彩；中草药花园中的射干、桔梗纷纷开花，吸引无数传粉昆虫。画面变得饱满、层次丰富，充满了蓬勃的生命力。
Summer’s Symphony (June–August): The garden peaks in orchestrated succession, avoiding monotony: the Hydrangea Garden glows with cool blue-purples under dappled light; Muhlenbergia capillaris backdrops the ethereal haze of the Pink-Purple Garden; the Red-Green and Yellow-Blue zones intensify under plateau sun; interwoven with medicinal blooms (Belamcanda chinensis, Platycodon grandiflorus) that beckon pollinators. A tapestry of layered abundance, where light and life crescendo.
秋之丰饶（9-11月）：夏季的绚烂并未突然落幕，而是转化为另一种深邃的美。许多观赏草抽出了迷人的穗子，在斜射的阳光下闪烁着金色的光芒。秋色花园中的树种叶片开始变黄、变红。彩叶植物、观赏草成为了新的观赏焦点。画面的色彩从鲜艳转向厚重，质感变得愈发突出。
Autumn’s Metamorphosis (September–November): Summer’s brilliance deepens into gilded resonance. Ornamental grasses shimmer with seed heads, the Autumn Color Garden ignites in crimson and gold, and foliage textures dominate the stage. The palette evolves from brightness to earth-toned richness, with structure surpassing bloom.
冬之骨象（12-2月）：这是最具教育意义的一季。画面洗尽铅华，展现出植物的结构之美。枯萎的枝干、宿存的种籽、覆盖地面的落叶，在苍山为背景的澄澈空气中，勾勒出极具雕塑感的线条。这片看似”衰败”的景象，实则是鸟类重要的食物来源和庇护所，落叶层也为土壤中的生命提供了保护。
Winter’s Structural Poetry (December–February): Stripped bare, the garden exposes its structural: withered stems sculpt the air, seed heads persist as bird banquets, and leaf litter blankets the soil like a protective manuscript. Against the Cangshan range, this “decay” reveals ecological pragmatism—shelter, food, and a promise of renewal.
植物物候监测与数据库构建
为科学评估自然主义种植模式下植物的适应性及季相变化规律，本研究对园内引种的将近500种植物（不包含奇色样品种）进行了系统性的物候监测。我们建立了全周期植物物候观测数据库，采用标准化记录表格，对每一物种的萌芽期、展叶期、花期、果期、落叶期及枯荣状态进行逐月跟踪记录。
希望这些数据，为未来区域性自然主义种植设计提供了精准的植物选择与配置参考。
Plant Phenology Monitoring and Database Construction
To rigorously assess plant adaptability and seasonal dynamics within naturalistic planting systems, we implemented a standardized phenological monitoring protocol for nearly 500 introduced species. A comprehensive, full-cycle phenology database was established, utilizing unified observation forms to document monthly status updates for each species, including germination, leaf expansion, flowering, fruiting, leaf senescence, and dormancy.
This dataset aims to serve as a scientific foundation for species selection and spatial configuration in future regional naturalistic landscape designs, bridging the gap between ecological theory and practical horticulture.
▽植物物候监测与数据库构建
展望：培育一种动态的审美观
尽管项目进行了一些自然主义种植的初步测试，但在国内的全面推广仍面临系统性挑战，在不同项目的实践过程中，我们意识到一些明显阻碍。
-气候差异的制约：我国大部分地区为大陆性季风气候，夏季高温高湿，冬季寒冷干燥，与欧洲温和湿润的气候迥异，导致许多经典自然主义植物表现不佳或无法越冬越夏。
-植物开发不足：海量的中国本土植物资源尚未被系统性地进行园艺化评估和开发，市场供应匮乏。
-审美接受度：公众和业主普遍习惯于“即时满效果”和“四季常绿”的传统景观，对自然主义种植初期的稀疏感和冬季的枯荣景象存在接受障碍。
-产业支撑薄弱：从设计端的群落知识库，到施工方的苗木采购，再到养护团队的专业能力，整个产业链尚未准备好支持需要高度多样化和生态化技术的自然主义项目。
Outlook: Cultivating a Dynamic Aesthetic
Although this project serves as a pilot exploration of naturalistic planting in China, its widespread adoption still faces systemic barriers. Our multi-project practices reveals four critical challenges:
Climatic Dissonance: China’s Continental Monsoon Climate—with its hot-humid summers and cold-dry winters—contrasts sharply with Europe’s temperate humidity. Many classic naturalistic species struggle to survive these extremes, exhibiting winter dieback or summer heat stress.
Underdeveloped Native Plant Pipeline: Few native species have been systematically evaluated for horticultural suitability, resulting in market scarcity of ecologically adapted cultivars.
Aesthetic Acceptance: The public and clients are often accustomed to traditional landscapes emphasizing “instant full effect” and “evergreen throughout the year,” creating a barrier to accepting the initial sparseness and winter withering appearance of naturalistic plantings.
Weak Industry Support: The entire industry chain—from design-side plant community knowledge bases, to plant sourcing by contractors, to the professional expertise of maintenance teams—is not yet prepared to support naturalistic projects requiring high diversity and ecological techniques.
大理的这20亩花园，是一次充满诚意的本土化实践。它向我们证明，通过科学的设计、对环境的尊重以及对本土资源的信任，我们完全可以创造出既生态健康又独具魅力的中国式自然主义花园。它的价值不仅在于最终的景观，更在于整个过程所带来的启示——关于我们如何更温柔、更智慧地与脚下的这片土地共存，这是一个值得期待的开始。
These 20 acres of garden in Dali represent a sincere effort in localization. It demonstrates that through scientific design, respect for the environment, and trust in local resources, we can indeed create uniquely charming Chinese-style naturalistic gardens that are also ecologically healthy. Its value lies not merely in the final landscape, but in the profound philosophical revelation embedded within the entire process—a testament to how we might coexist with the land beneath our feet with greater gentleness and wisdom. This marks a transformative beginning worthy of anticipation.
项目名称：大理山下花园
完成年份：2024
项目面积：13500平米
项目地点：云南省大理市
设计公司：上海叙野景观设计有限公司 叙野景观/Narrascape
联系邮箱：sunjing58@hotmail.com
主创设计师：孙晶
设计团队：孙晶
客户：大理山下文旅开发有限公司
施工单位：大理山下文旅开发有限公司
摄影师：叙野景观 / 9号青学长
“ 一个兼具生态功能与游憩体验的沉浸式空间。”
审稿编辑：Maggie
更多 Read more about：叙野景观
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