SUNYATA Datong by GOA

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goa大象设计：既下山·大同是极具挑战的度假酒店项目——它位于大同古城的显要一隅，却缺少绝美直观的景致可供借鉴或攀附。酒店建筑必须找到恰当的姿态，叙述厚重历史，融入古城当下，构筑一个能与大同2300年岁月对话的文化场域。

张晓晓
既下山·大同主持建筑师

GOA: SUNYATA Hotel Datong is an extremely challenging resort hotel project – located in a significant corner of the ancient city of Datong, yet lacking immediately stunning, direct scenery to borrow or rely on. The hotel architecture had to find an appropriate posture to narrate the profound history, integrate into the present life of the ancient city, and construct a cultural field capable of conversing with Datong’s 2,300 years of history.

Shawn CHEUNG
Chief Architect, SUNYATA Hotel Datong

▽叙述历史，融入古城的文化场域 ©雷坛坛

大同是第一批国家历史文化名城。北魏与辽金的厚重历史在此写就，留下云冈石窟、应县木塔、善化寺等杰作。近代，大同迅速成为中国北方重要的能源基地，辉煌的历史文化遗产一度被尘封。2008年以来，“一轴双城”格局的提出，揭开了古城文化复兴的序幕，历史名城的光彩正在重新显现与焕发。

Datong is one of the first batch of National Historical and Cultural Cities. The profound histories of the Northern Wei, Liao, and Jin dynasties were written here, leaving masterpieces like the Yungang Grottoes, the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, and the Shanhua Temple. In modern times, Datong rapidly became an important energy base in Northern China, its glorious historical and cultural heritage once shrouded in dust. Since 2008, the proposal of the “One Axis, Twin Cities” structure unveiled the prelude to the cultural revival of the ancient city, and the splendor of this historical city is gradually re-emerging and rejuvenating.

▽古城中的酒店，显与隐 ©雷坛坛

既下山·大同的建造便处于这一历史进程之中。酒店所处的东南邑历史文化街区，位于大同古城的东南隅。不同于宏大地标的修建工程，东南邑的建设以“活态传承”为引领，更关注于微观层面的内容和运营，目标是打造一个大同的文化会客厅和城市目的地。

The construction of SUNYATA Hotel Datong is part of this historical process. The hotel is located in the Southeast Yi Historical and Cultural Block, situated in the southeastern corner of the ancient city of Datong. Unlike the construction of grand landmarks, the development of Southeast Yi is guided by the concept of “living heritage,” focusing more on micro-level content and operation, with the goal of creating a cultural reception hall and urban destination for Datong.

▽城墙与酒店 ©陈曦工作室

既下山·大同的建设与东南邑的成形，乃至整个古城的再生相伴相生。goa大象设计作为酒店的建筑设计方，与既下山携手走过五年，参与了酒店实现的全过程。

The construction of hotel accompanied the formation of Southeast Yi and the regeneration of the entire ancient city. As the architectural design firm for the hotel, GOA walked hand-in-hand with SUNYATA for five years, participating in the entire process of the hotel’s realization.

▽酒店一瞥 ©陈曦工作室

1 与古城共生的酒店

北魏平城（即今大同）是中国历史上第一个大规模、有计划地推行里坊制的都城。历史学家陈寅恪指出，隋唐长安城整齐划一的里坊制，其源头就在北魏平城。明朝洪武五年（1372年）徐达的增筑工程则奠定了大同古城延续至今的里坊格局、街巷系统。

A Hotel in Symbiosis with the Ancient City

Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty (modern-day Datong) was the first capital in Chinese history to implement the Lifang (ward) system on a large scale and in a planned manner. Historian Chen Yinke pointed out that the source of the uniform Lifang system of the Sui-Tang capital Chang’an lies in the Northern Wei’s Pingcheng. The expansion project led by Xu Da in the fifth year of the Hongwu era (1372 AD) of the Ming Dynasty established the Lifang pattern and street network of the ancient city of Datong that continues to this day.

▽大同城地图：明代/清代/1937/1964 图源网络

2019年，当酒店最初立项时，在古城蒙尘的表象之下，珍贵的古代城市规划遗产清晰可见——尽管历经战乱，古城核心区古城仍保留着“四大街、八小巷，七十二条绵绵巷”的棋盘式街巷格局，诉说着大同作为中国古代“里坊制”成型之城的历史。

When the hotel project was initially established in 2019, beneath the dusty surface of the ancient city, precious ancient urban planning heritage was clearly visible – despite wars, the core area of the ancient city still retained the chessboard-style street layout of “Four Main Streets, Eight Lanes, Seventy-two Twisting Alleys,” telling the history of Datong as the city where China’s ancient “Lifang system” took shape.

▽东南邑昔今对比图源网络

▽2021年基地踏勘 ©GOA

在这样的条件下，既下山·大同面对着两个方面的使命：既是为旅客提供体验的场所，也是古城中重要的城市建筑。设计之初，建筑师明确主张：“对于古城肌理，应充分尊重，而非对抗。” 因此，酒店的建筑形态不与相邻街区做雕塑性竞争，而是完全融入古城格局之中，在里坊群落的尺度控制下，寻求内部空间的丰富变化。

Under such conditions, SUNYATA Datong faced a dual mission: to be both a place providing experiences for travelers and an important urban building within the ancient city. At the beginning of the design, the architect clearly advocated: “The ancient city’s fabric should be fully respected, not confronted.” Therefore, the hotel’s architectural form does not compete sculpturally with the adjacent neighborhood but fully integrates into the ancient city’s pattern. Under the scale control of the Lifang community, it seeks rich variations in the internal space.

▽项目草图 ©goa大象设计

具体的策略体现在三个方面——酒店整体为一组“均质中作变化”的院落，建筑与院落的尺度关系延续自古城肌理；酒店的北立面、东立面面向城市道路，呈现山西高台大院的形象，为来往路人提供生动的城市景观；内置的美术馆面向东南邑步行街开放，完成酒店与街区的友好接驳。

The specific strategy is reflected in three aspects – the hotel as a whole is a group of courtyards achieving “variation within homogeneity,” with the scale relationship between buildings and courtyards continuing from the ancient city’s fabric; the hotel’s north and east facades face urban roads, presenting the image of Shanxi’s elevated courtyard compounds, providing a vivid urban streetscape for passersby; the built-in art gallery opens towards the Southeast Yi pedestrian street, achieving a friendly connection between the hotel and the block.

▽均质中作变化 ©刘国威

不同于自然风景中的避世之所，位于古城一角的酒店并不追求“遗世独立”，而是以个性化的姿态与周边城市空间积极对话，重新定义了城市场所的气质。

Different from a secluded retreat in natural scenery, the hotel at the corner of the ancient city does not pursue “detached independence.” Instead, it actively dialogues with the surrounding urban space with an individualized posture, redefining the character of an urban place.

▽酒店南立面直接面向东南邑街区效果图 ©goa大象设计；

▽酒店南立面直接面向东南邑街区实景 ©陈曦工作室

2 明镜除尘，古今对望

大同拥有长达2300年的厚重历史，作为“三代京华、两朝重镇”，融汇了西域文化、佛教文化与边塞文化。极致的地域文化正呼应既下山“抵达内心的边境”的愿景，但如何如明镜拂尘一般，深入触及大同的文化内核，却值得设计时深思。

Clearing the Mirror: A Dialogue Across Ages

Datong boasts a profound history of 2,300 years. As the “capital of three dynasties, important town of two reigns,” it integrates Western Region culture, Buddhist culture, and frontier fortress culture. This extreme regional culture resonates with SONGTSAM’s vision of “reaching the inner frontier,” but how to deeply touch the cultural core of Datong, like a clear mirror wiping away dust, warranted deep consideration during design.

▽中轴一进院俯瞰 ©蒋玉敏

完全以仿古方式复建一座明清院落，并非良策。酒店毗邻真实的历史老宅，若新建筑过度模仿古旧风格，反而会使老建筑失去其独特身份。况且，千年大同历史厚重，选择任何一个时期的风格作为复刻对象都不够恰当。

Simply reconstructing a Ming-Qing style courtyard in an entirely antiquated way was not a good strategy. The hotel adjoins authentic historical old houses; if the new building excessively imitates ancient styles, the old buildings will lose their unique identity. Moreover, with Datong’s millennia of heavy history, choosing the style of any single period as the object for replication would be inappropriate.

▽中轴一进院 ©陈曦工作室

建筑师以“匍匐”的姿态开启设计。“匍匐”不同于“趴着”，也不同于“直立”，要贴近历史的基底，同时保持对望的距离。酒店被视作一座吸收传统的当代建筑，既叙述厚重历史，又诠释古城当下的生机。以引领者的站位，牵引古城面向未来的文旅业态升级及生活方式变迁。

The architect commenced the design with a posture of “prostration.” “Prostration” is different from “lying flat” and also different from “standing upright”; it means staying close to the historical foundation while maintaining a gazing distance. The hotel is regarded as a contemporary building that absorbs tradition, narrating both the profound history and interpreting the current vitality of the ancient city. From a leading position, it aims to pull the ancient city towards future upgrades in cultural tourism and changes in lifestyle.

▽酒店被视作一座吸收传统的当代建筑，既叙述厚重历史，又诠释古城当下的生机 ©陈曦工作室

▽由外而内，酒店的空间体验 ©许炎华

最终的设计从民居、地景、气候三个关键词出发，用“古韵新生”的方式，构筑一个能与打通2300年历史对话的文化场域。

The final design started from three key words: vernacular dwellings, landscape, and climate. Using the approach of “new life from ancient charm,” it constructs a cultural field capable of dialoguing with Datong’s 2,300-year history.

▽东南邑与既下山·大同 ©陈曦工作室

3 外雄内秀的当代院落

场地西侧1/3占地为明清古宅，设计予以原样复建，作为古宅客房和餐厅包厢使用。新建主体则被视为一片继承山西民居传统的当代院落，设计提取山西大院“外雄内秀、五进穿堂、庭院深深、深藏不露”的内在特征，转译为当代表达。

Contemporary Courtyard, Majestic and Refined

One-third of the site area on the west consists of Ming-Qing ancient houses, which were restored to their original state to be used as heritage suite rooms and restaurant private dining rooms. The new main building is treated as a contemporary courtyard compound inheriting the traditions of Shanxi vernacular architecture. The design extracts the inherent characteristics of Shanxi large courtyards – “majestic exterior, refined interior; five-step penetrating halls; deep, secluded courtyards” – and translates them into a contemporary expression.

▽新旧区域关系 ©陈曦工作室

地基抬高，在有限的建筑高度内实现北方高台建筑的雄浑感；引入流水，使楼、院、巷、廊的组合不显逼仄，灵动秀逸，别有洞天；十字轴线和五个主要庭院则作为空间骨架，串联大小空间。

The foundation is raised, achieving the majestic sense of northern elevated platform architecture within a limited building height; water features are introduced, preventing the combination of buildings, courtyards, lanes, and corridors from feeling cramped, instead creating lively, elegant, and uniquely intriguing; a cross-axis and five main courtyards serve as the spatial framework, connecting spaces large and small.

▽山西民居尺度研究 ©goa大象设计

抵达客房的体验被精心设定为层层递进的时空戏剧：大堂庭院以现代几何语言融合大同石窟地景，给人以对望北魏平城历史与丝绸之路的文化冲击；信步向前，铜门打开，幽深的院落水面如镜、帘幕漫卷，将情绪带入山西民居的想象；登高瞭望，城墙与城门依稀可见，古今对望。五进穿堂，流水回环，关于大同的印象一进一进打开。

The experience of arriving at the guest rooms is carefully choreographed as a layered spatiotemporal drama: The main courtyard integrates the landform of Datong’s grottoes with modern geometric language, offering a cultural impact that gazes upon the history of Northern Wei’s Pingcheng and the Silk Road; strolling forward, bronze doors open, leading to deep courtyards where water mirrors the sky and curtains sway, evoking the imagination of Shanxi dwellings; ascending high, the city wall and gate tower are faintly visible, creating a dialogue across time. With five successive courtyards and meandering water features, impressions of Datong unfold step by step.

▽中轴一进院与二进院 ©陈曦工作室

从甬道到夹院，从过街楼到合舍客房，所有虚实体量皆在尺度设定上遵循传统形制，而在具体形式上结合几何构图予以简化，在材料构造上使用当代做法重新演绎。古韵新章，独属于山西民居的空间场景被赋予当代意涵。

From the passageway to the side courtyard, from the skybridge to the composite suite rooms, all virtual and solid volumes adhere to traditional scales and forms in their basic setting, while simplifying specific forms through geometric composition and reinterpreting material construction with contemporary techniques. Ancient charm meets new chapter; spatial scenes unique to Shanxi dwellings are endowed with contemporary meaning.

▽中轴三进院 ©陈曦工作室

4 厚重雄浑的大地之声

如果说山西民居见证大同的风俗日常，石窟艺术则是自平城时期以来的文化命脉所在。石窟不仅仅是宗教的呈现，更是大地艺术（Land Art）的先声。以山体为基、以刀斧为笔，创造人类文明与天地自然的对话。

The Profound and Mighty Voice of the Earth

If Shanxi vernacular dwellings witness the customs and daily life of Datong, then the grotto art represents the cultural lifeblood since the Pingcheng period. The grottoes are not merely religious presentations but also a precursor to Land Art. Using the mountain as a base and tools as brushes, they created a dialogue between human civilization and heaven and earth.

▽概念剖面 ©goa大象设计

设计对石窟这一大地艺术的致敬，集中体现在公区。大堂区域，建筑的平面在严整的方正格网中变奏，斜切的单坡屋顶，既呼应场地边界的原始斜线，也强化建筑的雕塑感和几何感。庭院中的几道斜向石墙、缓缓抬起的场地、高起的采光塔，将人带入北方边境苍茫辽阔的意境之中。庭院与大堂的起伏地坪自然形成地下美术馆的错落天花。

The design’s tribute to the earth art of the grottoes is concentrated in the public areas. In the lobby area, the building’s plan introduces variations within a strict, orthogonal grid. The slanted, single-pitch roof responds both to the original oblique line of the site boundary and enhances the sculptural and geometric quality of the building. Several diagonal stone walls in the courtyard, the gradually rising ground level, and the elevated light tower immerse people in the vast, boundless atmosphere of the northern frontier. The undulating floor levels of the courtyard and lobby naturally form the staggered ceiling of the underground art gallery.

▽大堂庭院：无相庭 ©雷坛坛

作为整座酒店体验的高光，地下泳池则如同从天然山体中凿刻出来。巨大的斜壁从地上一直延伸至地下，其上的壁画由云冈研究院主持壁画修复的艺术家高平传老师创作。当天窗光线投下，水光在斜壁上的壁画上跃动，留下天然洞窟般的质朴体验。

As the highlight of the entire hotel experience, the underground swimming pool is as if carved out of natural rock. A huge slanted wall extends from the ground level down to the underground. The mural on it was created by artist Gao Pingchuan, who leads mural restoration at the Yungang Research Institute. When light from the skylight pours down, water reflections dance on the mural of the slanted wall, leaving a pristine experience reminiscent of a natural cave.

▽泳池的壁画与光影 ©雷坛坛

5 响应当地的色彩与光线

大同常年干燥、空气能见度高、太阳高度角低。在城市的转型过程中，环境治理效果显著，空气质量连续五年保持山西全省第一，“大同蓝”已然成为大同的环境名片。这些气候特征决定了大同“光烈影锐，澄明爽廓”的光影环境，为既下山·大同的建筑设计细节提供了重要依据。

Palette and Light Echoing the Local

Datong is dry year-round, with high air visibility and a low solar altitude angle. During the city’s transformation, environmental governance has shown significant results, with air quality ranking first in Shanxi province for five consecutive years. “Datong Blue” has become an environmental hallmark of the city. These climatic characteristics determine Datong’s luminous environment of “sharp light, sharp shadows, clear and crisp,” providing an important basis for the architectural design details of SUNYATA Hotel Datong.

▽墙与巷道 ©陈曦工作室

整体色彩设定，是在古朴、沉着的背景中跳脱出“晴空下的一抹赭红”。屋顶为当地筒瓦、陶土平板瓦的原色，主体墙面为青灰砖、石材、土坯、水泥的本色，地面多采用青石板及青砖。门窗与局部饰面相对艳丽，采用赭红、橘、芽绿等。

The overall color scheme is a “stroke of ochre red under a clear sky” set against a simple, subdued background. The roofs use the natural colors of local barrel tiles and terracotta flat tiles; the main walls use the natural hues of blue-grey bricks, stone, rammed earth, and concrete; the floors mostly use blue slate and grey bricks. Doors, windows, and partial finishes are relatively vibrant, using ochre red, orange, bud green, etc.

利用不同材料的着光性与色彩，为空间创造光的氛围：景墙的镂空格中藏有弧面实体，在日光之下有佛影幢幢之意味；弱反射性的瓷砖在晨光夕照之中，将色彩弥漫于廊道；木质吊顶成为水光潋滟的画布。

Using the light-receiving properties and colors of different materials creates an atmosphere of light for the space: Arc-shaped solid forms are hidden within the perforations of the feature wall, creating an effect reminiscent of flickering Buddhist shadows in the sunlight; low-reflectivity tiles diffuse their color along the corridors in the morning and evening light; wooden ceilings become canvases for shimmering water reflections.

而酒店给旅人的最特别的礼物，则来自七八月唯一的雨季。急雨与晴空的切换之间，深邃冷峻与瑰丽浪漫也在酒店的每一个庭院中切换。骤雨初歇，对望城楼，古与今在烟云散尽后交融。沉默砖石背后，历史滚滚向前，千年大同正以更为自信、开放的姿态，看向下一个十年。

The most special gift the hotel offers travelers comes during the brief rainy season in July and August. In the alternation between sudden rain and clear skies, deep austerity and magnificent romance also alternate in every courtyard of the hotel. When the shower suddenly stops, gazing at the city gate tower, past and present merge after the clouds and mist disperse. Behind the silent bricks and stones, history rolls forward. Datong, with its millennia of history, looks towards the next decade with a more confident and open posture.

▽技术图纸

项目名称：既下山·大同
项目地点：山西省大同市
设计/竣工：2021/2025
建筑面积：11,500㎡
业主：华夏江鸿（大同）文化旅游开发有限公司
建筑设计：goa大象设计
室内设计：CCD郑中设计
软装设计：尚壹扬设计
景观设计：山山园林
施工图设计：重庆联创建筑设计
摄影：陈曦工作室、雷坛坛、许炎华、蒋玉敏
首图：陈曦工作室

Project Name: SUNYATA Datong
Project Location: Datong, Shanxi Province
Design/Completion: 2021 / 2025
Gross Floor Area: 11,500 ㎡
Client: Huaxia Jianghong (Datong) Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd.
Architectural Design: GOA
Interior Design: CCD
Soft Decoration Design: Shangyiyang Design
Landscape Design: Shanshan Garden Landscape Design
Construction Documents Design: Chongqing United Architecture Design
Photography: CHEN Xi Studio, Lei Tantan, Xu Yanhua, Jiang Yumin
Title Image: CHEN Xi Studio

“ 一个叙述历史，融入古城文化的酒店。”

审稿编辑：Maggie

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