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enrico sassi architetto：瑞士南部卢加诺市的刚德里亚（Gandria），是布雷山脚下Ceresio湖畔一个古老的渔民和农民聚居地。 这里独特且风景优美，理应在ISOS（瑞士受保护的定居点清单）名单中占有一席之地。如今，刚德里亚因其特殊的地理位置和优质的空间环境而成为一个重要的旅游景点。
enrico sassi architetto：Gandria, a neighbourhood of the municipality of Lugano, is an ancient settlement of fishermen and farmers on the shore of Lake Ceresio, at the foot of Monte Brè. It is such a characteristic and picturesque location that it deserved a place in the ISOS (Inventory of Protected Swiss Settlements) list. Today Gandria is an important tourist attraction thanks to its particular geographical situation and to the quality of its spaces.
▽垂直花园鸟瞰 Aerial view
自古以来，刚德里亚的景观都以干石墙垒砌的梯田为特色。大量资料证明，刚德里亚的橄榄种植业在14世纪就已经很成熟了，但这里直到1951年才与国道(建于1936年)相连。目前，该村庄有一个建于70年代的停车场，旁边是连接卢加诺市和意大利波尔莱扎市的公路。停车场和湖之间有54米的落差，停车场和通往湖边的梯道连接着橄榄树步道。
“垂直花园”项目位于刚德里亚停车场的下方，是与环境咨询和工程公司Oikos合作开发的橄榄树步道总体规划的一部分。总体规划包括种植更多橄榄树，并布置穿过村庄的步行道以连接几个种植橄榄树的台地区域。
Since ancient times, the landscape of Gandria is characterized by cultivated terraces supported by dry stone walls. Numerous sources testify that the cultivation of olives in Gandria was already well established in the 14th century. Gandria was connected to the international road (built in 1936) only in 1951. Currently, the village has a car park that was built in the seventies next to the cantonal road connecting Lugano and Porlezza, Italy. Between the parking area and the lake there is a drop of 54 meters. The car park and the stairway that leads down to the lake give access to the olive path.
The “Jardin Vertical” project, which is located underneath the Gandria’s parking lot, is part of the riqualification masterplan of the olive path developed in collaboration with the environmental consulting and engineering firm Oikos. The masterplan involves the enhancement of the numerous olive trees and the arrangement of the pedestrian path that crosses the village, connecting several terraced areas cultivated with olive trees.
▽场地图纸 Site analysis drawings
停车场下的废弃空间没有特殊的作用，只是作为挖掘废弃材料的堆放处。停车场结构立柱旁的道路没有得到合理的利用，整体看起来也很糟糕。该项目旨在改造这些空间，利用不同的攀缘植物创造一个垂直花园。这些植物将生长在由钢梁和钢丝制成的金属结构上，并固定在停车场结构立柱上。
The abandoned space underneath the parking lot had no particular qualities and it was used as deposit for excavation material. The path that runs next to the pillars of the parking lot was badly defined and overall bad looking. The project aim to riqualify this space creating a vertical garden with different climbing plants. The plants will grow on a metallic structure made of steel beams and wires that is anchored to the parking pillars.
▽原场地状况 Site condition, before
▽改造后 After
停车场由40*40cm的钢筋混凝土梁和柱支撑，形成了8个跨度。固定钢缆的金属结构由镀锌钢梁和支撑架构成，支撑架与停车场的结构柱相连，并固定着型号HEB 200的横梁。每个跨度都有2根横梁，一根在柱子顶部，一根在柱子底部，这些梁上每隔20厘米放置一根钢缆，并用直径46mm的M27螺栓固定，以供植物生长。每个跨度有2根HEB梁、64个螺栓和32根钢缆，总长度为160米。
The parking lot is supported by beams and pillars in reinforced concrete 40 x 40 cm which define 8 spans. The metallic structure that holds the steel cables is made by galvanized steel beams and support shelves. This support shelves are connected to the structural columns of the parking and hold the HEB 200 beams. Each span has 2 beams, one on top and one at the bottom of the pillar, on which cables are placed every 20 cm. The cables around which the plants will grow are held in place with M27 bolts (diameter 46mm). Each span has 2 HEB beams, 64 bolts and 32 cables for a total length of 160m.
▽图示，垂直花园 Illustration
8个跨度中的每个节段面积为32平方米，形似一个大帆，整个结构需要抵抗风力，这些力最终被传导至停车场的混凝土柱上。由于连接钢缆的底梁埋于地下，就如同是从地里长出来一样。整个垂直花园绿化面平均高5米，长53米，总面积265平方米，共有256根钢缆，总长度为1280米。
The whole structure is needed to resist the wind force considering that each one of the 8 segment has an area of 32sqm and behave like a big sail. The forces are passed to the concrete pillars of the parking lot. The cables appear to come out of the ground because the bottom beam on which they are connected is buried. The green surface has an average high of 5m, the whole vertical garden is 53m long, has a total surface area of 265m2 and has 256 cables for a total length of 1280m.
椰丝被添加到钢缆中，以促进攀援植物的生长，并使结构看起来更加自然。沿着小路也修建了一道小型卡普里诺石墙（Moltrasio石灰石）。该绿化项目预见了不同植物种类在几年内的发展，以及色彩和密度随季节的变化。植物选择多年生植物，每个跨度之间都由不同的植物组成，采用常绿和落叶植物混合种植，以便在冬季也能保留一些绿意。
Coconut wires are added to the steel cables to ease the growth of the climbing plants and to give a more natural look to the structure. Along the path a small Caprino stone wall ( Moltrasio limestone) has been constructed. The greenery project foresees the development of the different plant species over the years and the changes of colors and density over the seasons. At the end of the construction the vertical garden will be characterized just by the coconut wires. The chosen plants are perennials. Each span is characterized by a different plants compositions. Each composition is a mixture of evergreen and deciduous species in order to provide some green also in winter season.
构成“垂直花园”的八个区域植物种植模式
1. 蓝色西番莲, 馨叶白英, 络石——小型、白色、芳香的花朵+白色、蓝色和棕色的西番莲花朵；常绿。
2. 狗枣猕猴桃,犬蔷薇——白色和粉红色的花，绿色和粉红色的狗枣猕猴桃叶；落叶。
3. 紫葛葡萄——秋叶变红；落叶。
4. 铁线莲——多个品种，花色繁多，繁茂；落叶
5. 常春藤, 花叶长春藤 – 有光泽的深绿色叶片，小白花；常绿
6. 蓝茉莉, 叶子花（九重葛） – 蓝色和粉红色的花朵；常绿
7. 爬山虎 – 秋叶变红；落叶
8. 紫藤，迎春花，紫色（上方）和黄色（底部）的花簇；落叶+常绿。
The 8 compositions that make the “Jardin Vertical” are:
1. Passiflora Caerulea, Solanum Jasminoides, Trachelospermum Jasminoides – small and white, fragrant flowers + white, blue and brown Passiflora flowers, evergreens
2. Parthenocissus Tricuspidata – red autumn leaves, deciduous
3. Actinidia Kolomikta, Rosa Canina- white and pink flowers, green and pink Kolomikta leaves – deciduous.
4. Clematis – various species, flowering of various colors and lush – deciduous
5. Hedera Helix, Hedera Helix White wonder – dark green shiny leaves and see and white leaves, small white flowers, evergreen
6. Plumbago Capensis, Bougainvillea – Blue and pink flowers, evergreen
7. Parthenocissus Tricuspidata – red autumn leaves, deciduous
8.Wisteria Sinensis, Jasminum Nudiflorum, Cluster flowers purple (above) and yellow (at the base), deciduous + evergreen
▽植物种植模式 Plant pattern
在停车场楼梯旁边的阴影区域，墙上种植了攀缘绣球、月桂和杨梅等。
垂直花园和岩壁之间的地面被组织成一个岩石花园“rocaille fleurie”，由 Caprino石和一组高山/地中海植物组成，如迷迭香和匍匐迷迭香 、百里香 、薰衣草、杜鹃花、多肉植物。
On the wall in the shadowed area next to the parking ladder a combination of climbing hydrangeas (Schizophragma hydrangeoides + Hydrangea macrophylla), laurel bushes (Laurus nobilis) and arbutus shrubs (Arbutus unedo) are planted.
The ground between the vertical garden and the small rock wall is organized as a rocky garden “rocaille fleurie” composed of Caprino stone and a set of prealpine/mediterranean plants such as rosemary and prostrate rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis + repens), thyme (Thymus herba-barona), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rhododendron and azalea (Rhododendron hirsutum + ferrugineum + japonicum), succulent plants (Sempervivum montanum, Echeveria elegans).
项目名称：垂直花园
地点：瑞士 提契诺州 刚德里亚
项目开始时间：2017
完成时间：2020
客户：Città di Lugano – DSU – Spazi Pubblici
建筑设计：Enrico Sassi Architect sagl
合作者：Irene Lucca, Roberta Blasi, Alessandro Armellini
土木工程师：ingegneri pedrazzini guidotti sagl
环境工程师：Oikos SA
园艺：Forni Fabio sagl
铁匠：Bernasconi Renato SA
照片：Marcelo Villada
Project Name: Vertical Garden
Location: Gandria, Ticino, Switzerland
Project start: 2017
Completion: 2020
Client: Città di Lugano – DSU – Spazi Pubblici
Architect: Enrico Sassi Architetto sagl
Collaborators: Irene Lucca, Roberta Blasi, Alessandro Armellini
Civil Engineer: ingegneri pedrazzini guidotti sagl
Environmental engineer: Oikos SA
Gardener: Forni Fabio sagl
Blacksmith: Bernasconi Renato SA
Photographs: Marcelo Villada
“ 利用攀援植物装点沿山道路旁的灰色空间，精心搭配的植物将在四季呈现美丽的景色。”
审稿编辑: SIM
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