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合尘建筑：浦东红窑位于浦东南汇老港镇，它是典型的霍夫曼窑。德国人霍夫曼在19世纪中叶设计出这种平面如跑道环型或圆型的窑，因其较高的烧砖效率在世界上得到普遍使用，20世纪初开始出现在上海的地理景观之上。
HCCH Studio: Pudong Hoffman Brick Kiln (referred to as “Pudong Red Kiln”) is located in Laogang Town, Nanhui, Pudong. It is a typical Hoffman Kiln. Patented by German Friedrich Hoffmann in 1858, the kiln features as a ring passageway surrounded by small rooms. It was widely used over the world because of its efficient use of heat and fuel. It began to appear on the landscape of Shanghai in the early 20th century.
我们在接到任务时，红窑早已失去其原始功能，屋顶和维护结构坍塌破损。烧窑的环道上部已被泥土掩埋，杂草丛生。遗址就这样静置在一片环境优雅但闲置已久的高尔夫场地边缘，边界是由小镇中心流向东海的运河。随着未来这片高尔夫球场将启动改造成郊区休闲公园，红窑也将由生产的废墟改造为供大众使用的公共场所。
The red kiln on the site had already lost its original function for long. Roof and walls were collapsed and damaged, buried by soil and overgrown with weeds. The site sits on the edge of an underused golf course bounded by a canal that flows from the center of the town to the East China Sea. As the site will be transformed into a suburban leisure park in the future, the red kiln will also be transformed from the ruins of production into a public place.
▽改造后的砖窑外观 The renovated appearance of the brick kiln
霍夫曼窑在上个世纪如此普遍，然而保留其空间格局并转变适应当代功能的不多。此次改造试图充分利用砖窑的原始特征，在保留其经典的布局、材料、尺度的基础上，挖掘和放大场所的可使用性和空间魅力。
Hoffmann kilns was so common in the last century, yet few has been kept. It is also difficult to use the space while retain its original atmosphere. The renovation attempts to not only retain its classic layout, materials, and scale, but also amplify the usability and spatial charm of the place.
▽改造前的砖窑原貌 before renovation
本项目的现场清理、加固保护与设计工作同步进行。在我们开始踏勘时，旧砖拱遭到局部破坏的区域已增加了钢结构加固措施，但整体性依旧保留完好。砖窑内部，环道、通道、门洞都重复着圆拱的母题，行走其中，仿佛置身于上个世纪盛行世界的烧砖的工业宇宙。
The site cleaning, reinforcement and design work of this project are carried out simultaneously. Although the damaged old brick arches had been informally strengthened with steel structures, the typology of space still remains. Inside the brick kiln, the circular tunnel, passage, and openings all repeat the motif of arch. Walking through it is like being in the industrial universe of brick-burning era of 19th century.
▽远望红窑 Yuanwang Red Kiln
▽改造后的红窑立面 The renovated facade of the red kiln
在设计过程中我们发现，环道所环绕的封闭烟道可以通过打开的方式融入外部环道。连接两者的低矮洞口原本用于排烟，将其打开，并结合支撑二楼楼板结构改造成可以适合行人尺度的门洞。
During the design process we found that the closed flue in the middle can be opened into the outer ring. The connections between the two was originally used for smoke exhaust. They are transformed into door openings.
▽砖窑改造前原貌 before renovation interior
这个操作使原本的环形流线增加了捷径和富有趣味的多重路径。烟道尺度狭窄，不利于作为主要的活动空间，且无自然光，我们将其上方的楼板变成玻璃地面，并设置屋顶天窗，形成光井，在烟道与环道间建立起新的空间关系。站在一楼的中庭或二楼的天窗下，抬头就可以看到高耸的烟囱，它是整个场地和建筑的标志。
This operation adds shortcuts multipaths to the original circular circulation. The flue in the middle is narrow and enclosed, without natural light. We replace the concrete floor above into glass, and add roof skylights to form a light well, which illuminates both the flue and the ring passageway. Standing beneath the skylight, visitors can look up at the towering chimney, which is the symbol of the entire site.
▽红窑空间内部 Inside the Red kiln space
▽烟道上扩出的窗洞 A window opening in a flue
日光通过光井两侧的拱门渗入幽暗的环道，形成类似门廊围绕庭院或中庭的效果。延环道外侧的拱门是对外的气候边界，形成壁龛般的私密的口袋空间。
Daylight floods into the dark ring through the arches, just like porch around patio or atrium. The arches on the other side of the ring are the climatic boundaries, creating private pockets looking to the landscape.
▽二层地面局部更换为玻璃材质 The ground of the second floor is partially replaced with glass material
▽天光透过天窗与玻璃地面，洒向室内 Skylight light through the skylight and glass floor, spilling into the interior
砖窑的烟道及其周边的空腔本是烧制过程中空气处理的重要部位。改造将其沿用为设备和走管空腔，也是对系统逻辑的再生延续。原来星点排布在环道砖拱的排气孔被保留利用布置灯光和喷淋，低处的排气孔洞被利用成空调出风口。
The flue of the brick kiln and its cavity are important parts of air treatment during burning process. The cavity is now accommodating MEP, which continues the system logic of brick production. The original vent holes scattered on the ceiling are reserved for lighting and spraying, and the lower exhaust holes are used as air-conditioning outlets.
▽典型霍夫曼窑的平面与剖面示意 Typical plan and section of a Hoffmann kiln
▽改造后的烟道内部 Inside the modified flue
建筑二楼为多功能大厅。立面保持通透，一楼和二楼都设有外廊，作为疏散和观景平台。外围护做法朴素，仅在作为正立面东山墙采用拱的形式，暗示内部空间。东面二楼平台，在改造过程中决定保留一处老的运砖楼梯，并增设一处疏散梯。西面平台靠近烟囱的位置，利用原有通道作为疏散，尽可能保留了建筑原有的空间关系和步行体验。
The second floor of the building is a multi-purpose hall. The façade is kept transparent, with verandas on both first and second floors as evacuation and viewing platforms. Arches on the east facade resonate the arch motif of interior space. An old brick stairway on the east is kept and an evacuation stair is added. On the west, the original passage close to the chimney is used for evacuation, to preserve the original spatial relationship of the kiln as much as possible.
▽平台与檐廊 Terrace and eave
▽楼梯 The stairs
▽二楼外走廊 Corridor outside the second floor
▽框景 Framing
上海是中国最早开埠中西融合的城市之一。霍夫曼窑的引入是其郊区乡村经济工业化的一个代表。红窑改造并不单单把废弃的工业形态作为展品或遗址供奉展示，而是在利用流程空间的基础上，赋予其承载当代公众生活的可能。使老建筑在空间价值之外，发挥了更大的社会价值。
Shanghai is one of the cities that opened port earliest in the 19th century. The introduction of the Hoffman kiln exemplified the industrialization of its suburban economy. The renovation of the red kiln does not only use abandoned industrial forms as relics to display, but turning the process space into a framework to underpin the possibility of contemporary lifestyle. In addition to the space value, the old kiln starts to generate a greater social value.
▽改造前后平面图对比 Comparison of floor plan before and after renovation
项目名称：浦东红窑
建筑设计：合尘建筑
设计团队：陈昊、胡琛琛、葛子彦、刘泽弘
建设单位：上海恒大
施工图深化单位：TC建筑装潢设计
设计时间：2019-2020
建成时间：2022.7
项目位置：上海浦东新区老港镇秋荷路33弄
摄影：朱清言
Project: Pudong Red Kiln
Architect: HCCH Studio
Design team: Hao Chen, Chenchen Hu, Ziyan Ge, Zehong Liu
Development company: Shanghai Hengda
LDI: TC Design&Construction
Period: 2019-2020
Built: 2022.7
Location: 33 Qiuhe Road, Laogang Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai.
Photography: Qingyan Zhu
“ 历史悠久的红窑场所将由生产的废墟改造为供大众使用的公共场所。”
审稿编辑: Maggie
更多 Read more about: 合尘建筑
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