Shanghai Zhongshan Park Wanhangdu Section By FISH

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翡世景观：把时间推回到十个月前，我们接到一项特殊的设计任务：打开中山公园。从首次步入现场的时候说起，通过几个问题来回顾整个设计历程……

FISH :Tracing back to ten months ago, we received a special design task: to open Zhongshan Park to the public. Beginning with the moment we walk onto the site, we are going to review the entire design process through a series of questions.

▽设计效果图 Visuals

初临现场的第一感受？

What is the first impression?

第一次来到中山公园实地勘测的现场的时候是一个阳光明媚的下午。场地位于公园北侧，沿万航渡路150岁高龄的梧桐古树华盖参天、具有英式特征的二号门建筑、造型优雅历史悠久的铜亭，构成了这座百年公园独有的场地特征。数不清的乔木赋予了场地优越的自然条件同时，也给公园的开放和更新带来了巨大的挑战：二号门三号门空间郁闭，入口昭示性缺失；万航渡路沿线机非混行，人行道狭窄；众多的乔木与新的场地设计诉求存在冲突……

It was a sunny afternoon when we first came to Zhongshan Park for fieldwork. The site that needs to be designed is situated on the park’s northern side. Along Wanhangdu Road, there towers a 150-year-old ancient phoenix tree, accompanied by the British-style Gate 2 and an elegant copper pavilion, which has a long history. They all constitute the unique features of this century-old park. Numerous trees endowed the site with superior natural conditions, but also brought great challenges to the opening and renewal of this park: The space of Gate 2 and Gate 3 was closed, and the entrances lacked identity; the traffic along Wanhangdu Road was mixed with vehicles and non-vehicles; the sidewalks were narrow; a great number of in-situ trees conflicted with the new design demands.

▽改造前场地原状 Site condition before transformation

改造思路是怎样的？

What are the design strategies?

我们的设计在尊重场地内每一棵树，每一寸原始历史肌理的基础原则上展开。具体的改造策略有以下几条：

1.拆除万航渡路全线围墙，将原本隐藏在内部的景观空间释放出来。打开场地通透性，避免视线遮挡。将中山公园与整个街区融为一体，市民更能体验到公园城市的惬意与从容。

2.对场地内的每一颗大乔尽最大能力保留，移除较为密闭的中层，适当去除一些退化和长势不佳的树种，对一些身形巨大的树木和珍贵的保护树种进行特殊处理，适当增加符合设计调性的新品种（以下层灌木为主）。

3.重新规划二号门三号门重要入口的空间布局，围绕梧桐古树和英式建筑展开景观节点的营造。在保留场地的历史感和认同感的同时，加入全新的景观线索，使新旧景观元素可以和谐对话。

Our design philosophy is based on the idea that every tree and every inch of the site’s original historical texture should be respected. The specific transformation strategies are as follows:

1. Remove all the enclosing walls of Wanhangdu Road to release the landscape space originally hidden inside, which simultaneously opens the view of the site and avoids obstructing the vision. This strategy would integrate Zhongshan Park with the whole block so that citizens can better enjoy the comfort and calmness of the park city.

2. Preserve every large in-situ tree to the greatest extent possible; remove the relatively closed middle layer of plants; remove some trees that are degraded and are not growing well; give special treatment to some giant trees and priceless protected tree species; and introduce new varieties that are appropriate for the tone of the design. (primarily shrubs in the lower layer).

3. Rearrange the spatial layout of Gate 2 and Gate 3 as important entrances, and fabricate the landscape nodes around the ancient Chinese parasol tree and British-style buildings. While retaining the sense of history and identity of the site, we introduced new landscape clues to enable the harmonious dialogue between old and new landscape elements.

隐匿的百年梧桐如何显露真容？

How to unveil the features of the hidden century-old phoenix tree?

▽三号门改造前后示意图 Axonometric drawing of Gate 3 before and after transformation

中山公园三号门处有颗百年梧桐树。但遗憾的是，它被高大的围墙和建筑遮挡了多年。随着围墙的拆除，周边管理用房的迁移，古梧桐终于露出了隐藏多年的真容。

There is a century-old phoenix tree at Gate 3. Unfortunately, it was hidden by tall walls and buildings for many years. With the removal of the walls and the relocation of the surrounding management buildings, the ancient tree finally reveals its true face.

▽百年梧桐前身 The original site around the century-old phoenix tree

在推敲设计的时候我们也发现，古人给他命名为独木傲霜不是没有道理的，因为似乎在它周围放任何东西都是一种多余。它是震撼的，孤独的 ，甚至艺术的。我们用一个纯粹的60厘米高的栏杆给梧桐树划分出一个保护区，它就像是一个屹立多年的艺术品，迎来了全新的展览。

When considering the design, we also found that it is not unreasonable for the ancients to name it “Dumuaoshuang”, as it seems that anything around it is superfluous. It’s shocking, lonely, and even artistic. We purely use a 60cm high railing to demarcate a protected area for this giant tree, which makes it like an artwork that has been standing for so long, and it is the moment for him to start a new round of exhibition.

改造前的三号只能说是一个门，甚至路过时可能被忽略。围墙拆除后，我们希望将这里改造成一个地标性广场，同时提升进入公园的通达性和便民度。场地原本枯燥的直线型动线被我们改成了更具探索性和趣味性的曲线，无论从哪一侧来的人流都会被自然而然的引入公园内部。

Before the transformation, Gate 3 was merely an inlet, which may even be ignored when passing by. We hope to turn this entrance into a landmark plaza after the walls are taken down, making it easier for people to enter the park. A more exploratory and interesting curve line has replaced the site’s previously boring linear circulation. Regardless of which direction the crowd is flowing, they would be organically integrated into the park.

▽入口标志性广场 landmark square at the entrance

有趣的是，在设计元素的运用上我们还是能希望通过捕捉历史价值的方法留住传统的风格与记忆。这时公园内一个古老廊架上的花砖装饰引起了我们的注意，我们让施工队找了很多类似的花格砖，运用在铺装和景墙上，呈现出来的效果在光影的作用下为场地增加了一丝复古和新意。

Interestingly, by preserving the historical trace, we still aimed to keep the traditional style and memory in the application of design elements. Meanwhile, the old tile decoration on an existing scenic pergola in the park caught our attention. We asked the construction team to find various similar lattice-style tiles and apply them to the pavement and landscape walls. The presented effect adds a touch of retro and novelty to the site under the action of light and shadow.

▽光影下的花砖铺装 Tile paving under the light and shadow

如何塑造公园入口的新地标？

How to shape the new landmark of the park entrance?

广场西侧的空间属性比较杂乱，这里需要一定的物理隔离来保证梧桐广场作为主入口的体验感，一个L型的构架自然而然的闯进了我们的脑海。

The spatial attributes on the west side of the square were relatively messy. Here, a certain extent of physical isolation was required to ensure the experience of Wutong Square as the main entrance. Based on this, an L-shaped structure naturally broke into our minds.

▽三号门廊架轴测图 Axonometric drawing of pergola frame at Gate 3

廊架的设计通过简单的弧线彰显几何的美感，以极简风格，结合通透且有秩序的三角形格栅所打造。仿佛就是命中注定的那样，廊架与梧桐古树呈现出了完美的对望关系，坐在廊架里可以静静的欣赏着这颗古树的新生，聆听百年前的古树讲述今天的故事。

The design of the scenic pergola shows geometric beauty through simple arcs. The pergola was created in a minimalist style, combined with a transparent and orderly triangular grille. It is worth mentioning that, as if it were destined, the position of the pergola frame and the ancient phoenix tree shows a perfect eye-to-eye relationship. Sitting in the frame, people can quietly appreciate the new life of this ancient tree and hear the stories from a hundred years ago, told by him.

▽休闲廊架 Casual corridor

通透的三角形格栅结构使廊架内外的环境交织起来，是内部使用者和外部观赏者都能获得参与感的拓展型口袋空间。对内，简洁的座椅使人停留；对外，弧型柔和的语言给人们留下亲切的第一印象，抽象的鹅黄色Logo形成有点戏剧性的外部效果。

The transparent triangular grid structure interweaves the environment inside and outside the pergola, which is an expanded pocket space where both internal users and external viewers are able to get a sense of participation. Internally, the succinct seat makes people stay; externally, the soft arc-shaped language leaves people with the first impression of geniality. Additionally, the abstract goose-yellow logo on the frame creates a somewhat dramatic external visual effect.

▽廊架框景 Frame for view of the pergola

抬高的地坪在解决场地高差问题的同时增强场所感，这种有趣的内外视线关系丰富了空间层次。廊架的颜色我们选择了类似于钢板原色的冷色调，整体呈现出一个有沉淀，有厚度的氛围。不仅和周边环境和铺装融为一体，也与中山公园深厚的历史积淀相呼应。

The raised terrace enhanced the sense of place while solving the problem of the vertical difference of the site. This interesting sight line relationship between inside and outside enriches the spatial hierarchy. We chose a cool tone for the color of the pergola frame, which is similar to the original color of the steel plate. The whole pergola presents an atmosphere of long-lasting and heavy, not only integrated with the surrounding environment and pavement but also evoking the profound historical accumulation of Zhongshan Park.

▽抬高的地景平台 A raised landscape

漫步于百年林荫下的愿望达成了吗？

Has the wish of letting people walk in the shade of the century-old tree come true?

公园北侧原本是封闭的围墙和郁闭的植物，围墙打开后我们将人行道迁移到公园内部，通过移除中层植物，铺设全新的石材铺地，从而打造属于百年公园区段独特的慢行景观。

The north side of the park was originally enclosed by walls and stagnant plants. After the wall was opened, we moved the sidewalk to the interior of the park. By removing the middle-level plants and laying new stone pavement, we created a unique landscape for slow-moving that belongs to the centennial park section.

▽改造前的步道 The path before transformation

▽改造后的步道 The poetic and smooth curvilinear path after transformation

实际落地过程更像是让自然做设计：仔细调研现场大树的点位、树木的长势方向、相互之间的错位关系后，用弯曲的线形规避所有大树的树根。通过反复多次的现场与设计图纸的修正，最终才能呈现出诗意流畅的步道线形。

The practical landing process was more like letting nature work: after carefully investigating the location of the large trees on the site, the direction of the growth of the trees, and the dislocation relationship between them, a curved line that avoids all the roots of all the trees appeared. After repeated and numerous revisions to the site and drawings, we finally present the poetic and smooth trail line.

▽反复修改放样的步道线型 The lofted trail line was repeatedly modified

林荫道的地面在反复研究后决定采用多种颜色混拼的方砖花岗岩来铺设，白水泥勾缝后显得复古又时尚。为了强化步道弯曲起伏的空间特色，我们在道路两侧设置蜿蜒连续的矮栏杆，华灯初上，两条柔和的光带穿行林间，形成一道靓丽的风景线。

Concerning the ground of the boulevard, after repeated research and consideration, we decided to use the granite square bricks jointed with multiple colors as the pavement at the end. We also used white cement to stitch the gaps of joints to make the footpath look more retro and fashionable. Besides, to enhance the undulating spatial characteristics of the path, we erected meandering and continuous low railings on both sides of the trail, and when the night screen begins to hang down, two soft light strips pass through the forest, forming a fascinating sight.

▽林荫步道夜景氛围 The atmosphere of the boulevard at night

公厕要怎样改造？

How can the public toilet be transformed into more cosmetic?

漫步道沿线的公厕面貌陈旧，内部设施老化，是我们这次重点改造的建筑之一。通过“穿衣戴帽”的方式，在原建筑的外轮廓上包裹一层新的表皮，用耐候钢格栅作为主导材质，形成了一种密集而持续的韵律，在光影的作用下塑造出强烈而独特的质感。竖向格栅与人视线行进的方向成直角关系，在行进的过程中建筑外观呈现出完全不同的面貌，为市民带来更多元的视觉感受。

The public toilet along the footpath was old-fashioned and the internal facilities were aging, which was one of our key points for this transformation. By the way of “dressing in clothes and wearing a hat,” a fresh layer of skin is wrapped around the exterior of the original structure. The weathered steel grating serves as the primary material, forming a dense and continuous rhythm that gives the structure a strong and distinctive texture when light and shadow are introduced. The vertical grille is at a right angle to the direction of people’s sight line, which makes the appearance of the building present continuous changes during the walking process, bringing more diversified visual feelings to the viewers.

▽改造前的公共厕所 The public toilet before transformation

▽改造后的公共设施 Public facility after transformation

百年公园如何与百年校园相接？

How does the centennial park connect with the centennial school gate?

▽场地景观动图 A GIF of the site landscape

2号门改造我们面临的第一个挑战是如何与对面的华东政法大学形成联动，让这里成为年轻人展现自己的舞台，为百年公园注入全新的活力。我们联想到了“种子”—一个古老英式公园中萌发出来的种子花园。

The first challenge we faced in the transformation of Gate 2 was how to form a link between the site and the East China University of Political Science and Law opposite, and how to make it a stage for young people to show themselves, which would inject new vitality into this centennial park. We thought of “seeds”—a garden of seeds that sprouted from an ancient English-style park.

▽种子花园前身 The original site of garden of seeds

▽种子花园 Seed garden

▽种子花园夜景 The garden of seeds at night

通过模拟种子形态形成两处对比鲜明特色花园，进而围合出一个广场空间：一处花园整个地形隆起，遇到现状大树位置下凹形成树池，通过种植成片的观赏草形成干净纯粹的起伏景观；一处花园地面整平，用起伏矮墙围合成多个特色种植池，每个池子中种植不同主题花镜，形成丰富有趣的秘密花园。

By simulating the form of seeds, we created two contrasting characteristic gardens, further enclosing a square space. The entire terrain of a garden is uplifted, and when encountering the existing large trees, it concaves to form tree pools. Patches of ornamental grass are planted to form the clean and pure undulating landscape in these depressions. The other garden is level. Surrounded by undulating low walls, multiple characteristic planting pools are formed, each with a different theme of the flower border, forming a rich and interesting secret garden.

▽种子花园里的人们 People in the garden of seeds

公交车站如何与公园相融？

How does the bus stop integrate with the park? 

2号门围墙外是20路公交电车的始发站，围墙打开后，我们面临的另一个挑战是如何将公交车站与开放广场完美整合起来。在对英式公交设施、建筑进行深入研究后，我们决定为20路电车设计一处独特的候车空间。

Outside the wall of Gate 2 is the starting station of the No. 20 bus trolley, and after the wall was opened, another challenge we faced is how to perfectly integrate the bus station with the open square. After an in-depth study of British public transport facilities and buildings, we decided to design a unique waiting space for the No. 20 bus trolley.

▽公交站台原貌 The original site of the bus stop

▽改造后的公交站台 Bus stop facilities after transformation

通过连续的拱券与立柱的组合形成一座能够遮风避雨的候车亭，这种结构形式保证了廊架跨度中间可以取消横梁和立柱，为廊架下面提供充足的休闲等侯空间。

Through the combination of continuous arches and columns, a waiting booth formed to shelter people from the wind and rain. This structural form ensures that the beams and columns can be removed in the middle of the span of the corridor, providing ample space for leisure and waiting under the topping.

▽候车亭轴测图 The axonometric drawing of the waiting booth

▽候车亭The waiting booth shelter

▽候车亭夜景 The waiting booth at night

“煤精亭”是有线电车特有的附属设施，工作人员需要定期登上亭子更换电线润滑材料，我们将拱廊穿插叠加形成一处英式塔楼，使其在满足日常使用功能同时成为百年公交独特的人文景观。

The coal-essence pavilion is a special attached facility to the cable tram, and the staff needs to climb the pavilion to change the wire lubrication material regularly. We penetrated and superimposed the arcades to form an English-style tower, making it a unique cultural landscape for century-old public transit while meeting the functions of daily use.

▽煤精亭轴测图 The axonometric drawing of the coal-essence pavilion

▽煤精亭The coal-essence pavilion

城市公园如何应对新时代的城市更新？How does City Park respond to urban renewal in the new era? 

据统计，全国有267座中山公园，这些公园往往是“老公园”的代名词，它们是每个城市的地标景点，却又往往因为面貌陈旧缺乏个性，成为年轻人长大后就很少再踏足的场所；这些公园也是很多人“家门口的公园”，因为树木郁闭，设施陈旧，缺乏舒展敞亮的开放空间，不能很好的承担其作为城市公园的服务功能。

作为百年英式公园，我们认为上海中山公园开放其实是思想观念的打开，审美意识的更新。设计过程中摒弃粉饰涂抹古典建筑，堆砌红绿西洋花卉，放置巨型字体标牌等做法，提炼英式公园精髓，以简约克制方式更新公园面貌。在重要节点通过花砖、拱顶等复古细节强化空间独特性，打造吸引人的空间意向；同时公园的开放也不应该是简单的推倒围墙，盲目增加功能空间和设施。根据场地本身的空间特性因势利导，通过留白的方式为使用者的活动提供多种可能性，才能让公园真正的融入城市，成为市民大众展现自己的舞台。

According to statistics, there are 267 Zhongshan parks in China. These parks are always synonymous with “old parks,” and they are also the landmarks of every city, while they often become places that young people rarely visit when they grow up because of the outdated appearance and lack of identity of these parks. At the same time, these parks are “parks at the doorstep” of many people. However, because of the closed trees, outdated facilities, and lack of public space, these parks cannot well assume their service functions as urban parks.

As a century-old and English-style park, we believe that the opening of Zhongshan Park in Shanghai is the opening of thoughts and the renewal of aesthetic awareness. In the design process, the practices of whitewashing and painting classical architecture, piling up colorful western flowers, and placing giant font signs were rejected. We refined the essence of the English park and renewed the appearance of Zhongshan park in a simple and restrained way. At important nodes, retro details such as tiling and vaults are used to enhance the uniqueness of the space and create an attractive spatial intention. At the same time, the opening of the park is not simply pushing over the walls and blindly creating functional space and facilities inside. Guided by the spatial characteristics of the site itself, we provide a variety of possibilities for the activities of users by leaving blanks in the space, so that the park can truly integrate into the city and become a stage for the public to show themselves.

后记 Postscript

本项目的完成包含了多方的努力合作，谨以此文向长宁区人民政府、长宁区绿化与市容局、长宁区建设和交通委员会、长宁公园绿化建设发展有限公司表示诚挚的谢意。看到居民自由惬意的享受公园新空间的场景，作为景观设计师的责任感和自豪感油然而生。

中山公园开放与更新仍在继续进行中，敬请期待…..

The completion of this project includes the efforts and cooperation of multiple parties, and we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Changning District People’s Government, the Changning District Greening and City Appearance Bureau, the Changning District Construction and Transportation Committee, and the Changning Park Greening Construction and Development Co., Ltd. Seeing the residents enjoying the new space of the park in a happy and relaxed way, our senses of responsibility and pride as landscape architects emerge naturally.

The opening and renewal of Zhongshan Park are still ongoing, so stay tuned.

▽一些过程的记录 Records of some processes

项目名称：上海中山公园万航渡路段综合提升
项目地点：上海 长宁区
方案设计：潘山 潘晶 杨玉鹏 白瑞嘉 陈零零 张太崇
规划与调研：汪洁琼、王敏、王佳奇、宋祥、潘文钰
施工图设计：夏陈成 李青 陈艳芳 王彬 张丹妮 胡美容 傅蓉蓉 袁荣爵
现场督导：潘山 潘晶 杨玉鹏 夏陈成
公厕改造：蔡炜 胡天培
景观面积：16000㎡
设计时间：2021年11月
竣工时间：2022年9月
摄影：潘山
撰文：杨玉鹏 白瑞嘉

Project Name: Shanghai Zhongshan Park Wanhangdu section comprehensive improvement
Project Location: Changning District, Shanghai
Scheme Design: Shan Pan, Jing Pan, Yupeng Yang, Ruijia Bai, Lingling Chen, Taichong Zhang
Planning and Research: Jieqiong Wang, Min Wang, Jiaqi Wang, Xiang Song, Wenjue Pan
Construction Drawing Design: Chencheng Xia, Qing Li, Yanfang Chen. Bin Wang, Danni Zhang, Rongrong Fu, Rongjue Yuan
Site Supervisor: Shan Pan, Jing Pan, Yupeng Yang, Chencheng Xia
Public Toilet Transformation: Wei Cai, Tianpei Hu
Landscape Area: 16,000㎡
Design Time: November 2021
Completion Time: September 2022
Photography: Shan Pan
Author: Yupeng Yang, Ruijia Bai

“ 设计让城市变得更好，让人们心中那个百年公园的记忆得以延续。”

审稿编辑: Maggie

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