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CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati：国际设计和创新办公室CRA Carlo Ratti Association公布了其为Manifesta 14设计的城市愿景和城市计划的结果，该宣言是2022年7月22日至10月30日在科索沃普里什蒂纳举行的欧洲游牧双年展。CRA的项目提出了一种新的方法来回收城市的公共空间，从一系列临时的、开放式的设计干预开始，利用人工智能进行城市分析。CRA的城市愿景，名为Commons Sense，近期以书的形式出版，将公民作为建筑环境演变的关键驱动力，促进反馈循环，以实现长期的城市创新。
CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati: International design and innovation office CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati unveils the result of its Urban Vision and Urban Program for Manifesta 14, the European Nomadic Biennial taking place in Prishtina, Kosovo between July 22 and October 30, 2022. CRA’s project suggests a new methodology to reclaim public space in the city, starting with a series of temporary, open-ended design interventions and leveraging artificial intelligence for urban analysis. CRA’s Urban Vision, titled Commons Sense, newly published as a book, casts citizens as key drivers of the evolution of the built environment, fostering feedback loops to effect long-term urban innovation.
在20世纪，政权更迭和政治冲突给科索沃及其城市带来了巨大的动荡。因此，普里什蒂纳目前也面临着公共空间严重不足的问题。大量被剥夺权利的当地居民渴望扭转这种局面，该市前市长Shpend Ahmeti将其称为一场持续的“公共空间争夺战”。
针对这一情况，CRA和Manifesta 14提出了包容性城市创新的新方法，其初步成果将在普里什蒂纳双年展期间展示。这种实验性的“开源城市主义”方法基于一系列从临时性到永久性的干预措施，并由公民反馈的参与方法发展而来。
During the 20th century, regime changes and political clashes brought considerable turbulence to Kosovo and its cities. As a result, Prishtina currently suffers from a substantial shortage of public space. A large group of disenfranchised local residents are eager to reverse this situation, described by the city’s former mayor Shpend Ahmeti as an ongoing “battle for public space”.
In response to this situation, CRA and Manifesta 14 put forward an innovative methodology for inclusive urban innovation, whose initial results will be visible in Prishtina during the biennial. This experimental “open-source urbanism” methodology is based on a series of temporary to permanent interventions developed with a participatory approach based on citizen feedback.
首先，CRA绘制了城市地图，并确定了一系列具有社会和文化意义的地点。尽管它们中许多都处于破败的状态，但这些地方最有可能引发城市复兴。在这一阶段，CRA工作室与麻省理工学院可感知城市实验室（MIT Senseable City Lab）合作，利用人工智能分析生成城市数字街景，随后与普里什蒂纳大学建筑系学生合作，将之付诸实践。本着开源城市主义的精神，研究人员可以根据要求访问相关数据。
其次，进行临时改造或采取城市干预措施，以展示如何重新利用同一个地点并让其服务于普里什蒂纳的居民。这些工作皆是在短时间内以低成本进行的，具有明确的针对性。然后，当地居民受邀“用脚投票”，来决定这些干预措施是否应该成为永久性的，还是被修改或被废除。最后，还将举行评估会议，以促进城市的快速发展。
First, CRA mapped the city and identified a wide range of socially and culturally significant sites. Despite many of them being in compromised conditions, these locations have the potential to trigger an urban renaissance. In this phase, the studio teamed up with MIT Senseable City Lab to use artificial intelligence analysis to form a digital streetscape of the city. The findings were subsequently realized in collaboration with students from the architecture faculty of the University of Prishtina. The related data can be accessed on request by researchers, in the spirit of open-source urbanism.
Second, temporary renovations, or Urban Interventions, were set up to demonstrate how the same locations can be reclaimed by and for Prishtina’s citizens. Such work was conducted at a low cost in a short period of time, with a clear speculative orientation. Then, local residents were invited to “vote with their feet”, deciding whether these interventions should be made permanent, or be modified or discarded. Finally, evaluation sessions will be held to facilitate the accelerated evolution of the city.
CRA创始合伙人兼麻省理工学院可感知城市实验室主任Carlo Ratti表示：“当前，世界各地的城市正在经历着一个非同寻常的时期，虽然充满危机，但也有复兴的潜力。在新冠肺炎疫情首次爆发期间，面对前所未有的形势，地方政府官员被迫进行大胆的城市实验，以更有效地应对人们的需求。由于普里什蒂纳的历史和社会构成，它成为欧洲最具潜力的‘生活实验室’之一。我们对Manifesta 14的城市愿景将致力于引导城市的集体力量来加速城市发展。我们也十分感谢Manifesta14的负责人Hedwig Fijen、普里什蒂娜市政府和市长Përparim Rama共同促成这一次卓有成效的合作。”
“Cities around the world are currently going through an extraordinary time marked by crises, but also potential for renaissance. Faced with an unprecedented situation during the first outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, local government officials were forced to make bold urban experiments to respond more efficiently to people’s needs,” says Carlo Ratti, founding partner of CRA and director of the MIT Senseable City Lab. “Due to its history and social makeup, Prishtina is one of Europe’s most promising ‘living labs’. Our Urban Vision for Manifesta 14 strives to channel the city’s collective energy into accelerating its evolution. We are grateful to Manifesta 14’s director Hedwig Fijen, the Municipality of Prishtina and mayor Përparim Rama for this fruitful collaboration.”
CRA负责策展项目的合作伙伴Daniele Belleri表示：“Commons Sense倡导将公共空间作为任何建筑环境积极变革的关键。我们与当地协会、学生和公民合作，一直在尝试一种快速且具有参与性的方式来回收公共空间。这是一个更广泛的城市变革和包容过程的第一步，我们称之为普里什蒂纳模式。”
“Commons Sense advocates for the Commons as the key for any positive transformation of the built environment. Working with local associations, students, and citizens, we have been experimenting with a rapid, participatory approach to reclaim the public space. It is the first step of a wider process of urban change and inclusion that we call the Prishtina Model,” says Daniele Belleri, partner at CRA in charge of curatorial projects.
这种模式被应用于建设绿色走廊。这条1.3公里长的旧铁路轨道过去堆满了废弃的汽车和垃圾，现已被改造成了一条带座椅和植物的步行道。此外，它还连接了Manifesta 14的两个主要地点：青年体育宫和砖厂。这条步行道在短短20天的工作时间内被重建，解决了普里什蒂纳步行可达性较低的问题，并为居民和参观者提供了一个休闲空间。循环利用的设计确保了步行道上所有的元素都能被轻松拆卸并能在其他地方重复使用。参观者可以单独到达绿色走廊，也可以通过双年展组织的游线进行参观。
Such methodology was applied to build the Green Corridor. This 1.3-kilometer former railway track, which used to be filled with abandoned cars and trash, has now been transformed into a pedestrian path with seating and plants. In addition, it links up two main locations of Manifesta 14: the Palace of Youth and Sports and the Brick Factory. The walkway, redeveloped in just twenty days of work, addresses the debate about how to remedy Prishtina’s problem of low pedestrian accessibility, and provides a leisure space for residents and exhibition-goers. A circular approach ensures that all the elements of the corridor are easily removable and reusable in other locations. Visitors can reach the Green Corridor independently, or through the mediated tours organized by the biennial.
CRA早在2021年就实现了其他城市干预措施，它们以不同的方式融入了普里什蒂纳的社会结构中。例如，Hivzi Sulejmani图书馆外部在去年6月从一个非正式的停车场被改建为一个永久性的文化机构——叙事实践中心（Centre For Narrative Practice）。2021年夏天由CRA首次改建为“城市客厅”的旧砖厂，再由德国建筑事务所raumlabor改造成了一个临时的生态城市学习中心，并与双年展同期开幕。这些项目展示了“开源城市主义”如何在不同的时间内实现改变。CRA还与科索沃文化部、青年体育宫合作，助力将2 Korriku街改造为一个专门的步行区，这条充满活力的小巷被当地人称为Kafet e Rakis。
Other Urban Interventions were realized by CRA back in 2021, and have been integrated into Prishtina’s social fabric in different ways. For instance, the former Hivzi Sulejmani Library, whose external gates were reclaimed from an illegal parking lot in June of last year, was turned into a permanent cultural institution, the Centre for Narrative Practice, by Manifesta 14 Prishtina. The former Brick Factory, first converted into a ‘urban living room’ by CRA in summer 2021, was transformed by German architectural practice raumlabor into a temporary Eco Urban Learning Center opened along with the Biennial. These projects show how “open-source urbanism” can enact change within different time frames. Working with Kosovo’s Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport, CRA also helped pedestrianize 2 Korriku street, a vibrant alley that is known to locals as Kafet e Rakis (Rakia’s cafes).
2021年3月，CRA首次受Manifesta 14委托，负责实施“城市愿景”。Manifesta 14在两年前开始的出版物《Public After All》系列书籍中详细介绍了整个工作过程。该项目由CRA与麻省理工学院感知城市实验室和科索沃建筑基金会合作开发，Carlo Ratti被任命为城市项目的创意调解员，Catherine Nichols担任艺术项目的创意调解人，最终决定了双年展的总体方针。
在过去十年中，CRA一直参与大型艺术和设计活动的策展，以倡导更公平的城市进程。2012年，该工作室在伊斯坦布尔设计双年展上发表了《开源建筑宣言》，并在2019深圳城市/建筑双年展上担任“城市之眼”展览的总策展人，推出了许多畅想如何使数字技术在社会空间中更民主化的装置。此外，Ratti还策划了2012年在柏林宝马古根海姆馆、2015年米兰世博会的未来美食区，并联合策划了2021年波尔图设计双年展。
CRA was first commissioned by Manifesta 14 to conduct the Urban Vision in March 2021. The entire working process is detailed in the publication of the Manifesta 14 pre-biennial process titled Public After All. The project was developed in collaboration with the MIT Senseable City Lab and the Kosovo Architecture Foundation. It ultimately shaped the biennial’s overall approach, with Carlo Ratti named as Creative Mediator of the Urban Program, alongside Catherine Nichols, the Creative Mediator of the Artistic Program.
In the last decade, CRA has been involved in the curatorship of major art and design events to advocate for more equitable urban processes. In 2012, the studio published an “Open Source Architecture Manifesto” at the Istanbul Design Biennale, and was chief curator of the “Eyes of the City” exhibition at the 2019 Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture in Shenzhen. The latter project included many installations hypothesizing how to democratize digital technologies in the social space. Ratti also curated the BMW Guggenheim Pavilion in Berlin in 2012, the Future Food District at Milan’s 2015 World Expo, and co-curated the 2021 Porto Design Biennale.
项目名称：The Battle for Public Space: CRA’s Urban Vision for Manifesta 14 Prishtina
项目地点：科索沃
设计公司：CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati
团队成员（CRA）：Carlo Ratti, Daniele Belleri (Partner in charge), Emma Greer, Erzë Dinarama, Juan Carlos Romero
麻省理工学院感知城市实验室团队: Fabio Duarte, Fan Zhang, Yuhao Kang
科索沃建筑基金会团队: Bekim Ramku, Zana Bokshi, Gresa Morina, Bardha Meta, Marigona Dërguti
合作机构：普里什蒂纳大学
图片来源：Ivan Erofeev, Atdhe Mulla
Project name: The Battle for Public Space: CRA’s Urban Vision for Manifesta 14 Prishtina
Project Location: Kosovo
Design Firm: CRA Carlo Ratti Associates
Team members (CRA): Carlo Ratti, Daniele Belleri (Partner in charge), Emma Greer, Erz ë Dinarama, Juan Carlos Romero
MIT Senseable City Lab Team: Fabio Duarte, Fan Zhang, Yuhao Kang
Kosovo Architecture Foundation Team: Bekim Ramku, Zana Bokshi, Gresa Morina, Bardha Meta, Marigona Dërguti
Cooperative institution: UNIVERSITETI I PRISHTINËS
Photos: Ivan Erofeev, Atdhe Mulla
“ CRA工作室以城市视觉、公共意识和一系列城市设计干预为特色，提出了一种实验性的、改善提升的方式来回收城市中的公共空间。”
审稿编辑: SIM
更多 Read more about: CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati
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