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Cobe：丹麦建筑工作室 Cobe 宣布哥本哈根歌剧院公园竣工。在整个哥本哈根建筑活动密集的时期，绿色休闲空间变得越来越稀缺。然而，在人口稠密、历史悠久的市中心，内港的一个黄金地段并未被开发，而是变成了一个郁郁葱葱的公园小岛，岛上有六个花园和一个温室。歌剧院公园位于丹麦皇家歌剧院和 Cobe 即将完工的 Paper 岛之间，是远离城市喧嚣的绿色世外桃源。
Cobe：Danish architecture studio Cobe announces the completion of The Opera Park in Copenhagen. In a time of intense construction activity throughout Copenhagen, green recreational spaces have become more and more scarce. Yet, in the heart of the dense and historic city center, one of the inner harbor’s prime locations has not been developed, but transformed into a lush, green park island, featuring six gardens and a greenhouse. Situated between The Royal Danish Opera and Cobe’s soon-to-be completed Paper Island, The Opera Park offers a green escape from the bustling life of the city.
应对当今挑战的浪漫花园 A romantic garden addressing today’s challenges
2019 年，经过设计竞赛，A.P. Møller 基金会指定丹麦建筑工作室 Cobe 在哥本哈根内港的一个旧工业岛屿上设计一座新公园。该岛毗邻丹麦皇家歌剧院，自近 20 年前歌剧院落成以来，这里一直是一块不大的绿色草坪。如今，这个原本是开发新住宅的黄金地段的小岛已焕然一新，变成了多样化自然景观的家园。这座新的临港公园被命名为“歌剧院公园”，为原本建筑密集的哥本哈根内港增添了一道绿色风景线。
In 2019, following a design competition, The A.P. Møller Foundation appointed the Danish architecture studio Cobe to design a new park at a former industrial island in Copenhagen’s inner harbor. Located next to The Royal Danish Opera, the site had been a modest green lawn since the completion of the Opera nearly 20 years ago. Utterly transformed today, the island which was otherwise prime for the development of new housing, is now home to a diverse and natural landscape. Named The Opera Park, this new public harbor-front park creates a green counterpoint to the otherwise densely built inner harbor of Copenhagen.
公园约有三个足球场大小，由来自世界各地的六个花园组成：北美森林、丹麦橡树林、北欧森林、东方花园、英国花园以及温室内的亚热带花园，花园的中心是一个温室和中庭。花园内有喷泉、睡莲池和倒影池，桅杆上的水滴轻轻敲击水面，节奏舒缓。蜿蜒曲折的小径和有机造型的花坛将公园的各个元素融为一体。
“在哥本哈根喧嚣的城市发展中，歌剧院公园是一个自然至上的地方。该项目拥有六个花园、蜿蜒曲折的小径和精心打造的观景台，融合了哥本哈根历史上浪漫花园的元素，可以应对当今生物多样性减少和水资源管理等挑战。公园专为休闲、放松和沉思而设计，为城市提供了一片亟需的绿洲。漫步在公园里，你会有一种离开城市、沉浸在大自然中的感觉，几乎忘记了自己身处密集的市中心。”—— 建筑师兼 Cobe 公司创始人 Dan Stubbergaard
The park, with the size of three soccer fields, consists of six gardens from various parts of the world: the North American Forest, the Danish Oak Forest, the Nordic Forest, the Oriental Garden, the English Garden, and the Subtropical Garden housed within a greenhouse and atrium at its center. The diverse gardens hold surprises such as a fountain, a water lily pond, and a reflecting pool where drops of water from a mast gently strike the water’s surface in a soothing rhythm. Meandering paths and organically shaped flowerbeds knit together the park’s elements.
Dan Stubbergaard, Founder of Cobe and Professor at Harvard, explains: “The Opera Park is a place where nature comes first amidst Copenhagen’s bustling urban development. With its six gardens, winding paths and carefully crafted viewpoints, the project seizes elements of Copenhagen’s historical, romantic gardens to tackle today’s challenges such as decline in biodiversity and water management. Designed for recreation, relaxation and contemplation, the park provides the city with a much-needed green oasis. As you stroll through the park, you get the feeling of having left the city and being immersed in nature, almost forgetting you are in the middle of the dense city center.”
终年绿洲，为各种生活搭建舞台 A year-round oasis, setting the stage for all kinds of life
公园的设计旨在成为一年四季都能吸引游客的公共景点，园内有来自世界各地的 628 棵树木、80000 株多年生草本植物和灌木丛，以及 40000 株球茎植物。总计 223 种独特的外来和本地物种为游客创造了一个生机勃勃、不断变化的休闲环境。植被的外观、气味、颜色和密度随季节而变化。春天百花盛开，色彩斑斓；夏天绿意盎然；秋天红黄相间；冬天松树常青，池塘冰封。植物种类繁多，大小各异，为鸟类和昆虫提供了丰富的食物和栖息环境。
“歌剧院公园为在哥本哈根市中心体验大自然搭建了舞台。就像歌剧舞台一样，公园是一个由前景、中景和背景组成的景观。园内种植的 80000 株植物和 600 多棵树木形成了一个面向海港的风景区。花草树木的自然坡度创造了面向港口可被观赏的风景。”—— Dan Stubbergaard
Designed to be an inviting, all year-round public attraction, the park features no less than 628 trees, 80,000 herbaceous perennials and bushes, and 40,000 bulb plants, from all around the world. In total, 223 unique exotic and local species provide a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop for visitors. The vegetation’s appearance, scent, color, and density vary with the seasons. Spring blooms in a rich color palette, summer brings various shades of green, autumn showcases red and yellow tones, and winter is dominated by evergreen pine trees and frozen ponds. The wide variety of plant species and diversity of sizes provides a rich environment for birds and insects to find food and shelter.
Dan Stubbergaard elaborates: “The Opera Park sets the stage for experiencing nature in the heart of Copenhagen. Like an opera stage, the park is a composed landscape with a foreground, a middle ground and a background. The 80,000 plants and 600+ trees are placed to naturally create a scenic setting facing the harbor. The terrain and trees are tallest where they create the background, and lowest in the foreground towards the harbor.”
位于公园中心的温室 A greenhouse at the heart
除花园外，公园还设有一个带咖啡厅的中央温室，在公园地面下设有停车场。温室设计成有机形状的玻璃结构，屋顶悬浮，旨在让游客在欣赏郁郁葱葱的景观时感到惊喜和愉悦。温室和咖啡馆将确保歌剧院公园全年都是一个充满活力的旅游景点，即使在哥本哈根许多公园荒凉的冬季，这里也始终热闹非凡。
In addition to the gardens, the park features a central greenhouse with a café, giving access to car parking underneath the park’s surface. The greenhouse is designed as an organically shaped glass structure with a hovering roof, intended to surprise and delight visitors as they navigate the lush landscape. The greenhouse and café will ensure that The Opera Park remains a vibrant destination year-round, even during winter when many of Copenhagen’s parks are desolate.
温室内部的台阶一直延伸到停车场层，停车场最多可容纳 300 辆汽车，同时，温室的亚热带生物群落也一直向下延伸，将公园与地下层垂直交织在一起。
Inside, the greenhouse terraces down to the parking levels, which accommodate up to 300 cars, while its subtropic biotope also descends to vertically weave together the park with the underground levels.
通往歌剧院的景观廊桥 A covered connection to the Opera
公园还通过景观桥上的有顶人行道与邻近的丹麦皇家歌剧院相连，使停车设施与歌剧院之间的联系不受天气影响。弧形玻璃和悬浮式屋顶与温室的建筑风格相呼应，作为通往岛上的三座桥梁之一，这条通道被设计成穿越港口运河的自然景观，将景观和建筑完全融为一体。
The park also features a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera via a covered walkway atop a landscaped bridge, allowing a weather protected link between the parking facility and the Opera. Echoing the architecture of the greenhouse, the walkway’s curved glass and floating roof evokes the landscape design in its meandering path. As one of three bridges to the island, the connection is designed as a piece of nature crossing the harbor canal, fully integrating landscape and architecture into one.
受益于雨水和阳光 Benefitting from rain and sun
雨水被视为公园的宝贵资源，从丹麦皇家歌剧院的屋顶流入地下蓄水池，用于温室灌溉。人行道设计为透水砾石路面，多余的雨水被收集到雨水槽中，用于渗透和蒸发。景观桥和温室的绿色屋顶可以收集雨水并暂缓雨水的排放，同时也是公园中动物的食物来源。歌剧院屋顶的太阳能电池板为地下停车场、公园和温室提供电力。公园选用的材料坚固耐用，可完全回收利用，大量的树木和植被可以抵御来自港口和海面的强风，减少湍流的影响，提高公园到访者的舒适度。此外，高架地形还能在暴雨和港口水位大幅上涨时保护岛屿免受洪水侵袭。
歌剧院公园于 2023 年 9 月 27 日向公众开放，可免费游览。该公园由 A.P. Møller 基金会捐赠，作为哥本哈根的公共休闲场所，全年开放，开放时间为每天上午 7:00 至晚上 11:00。
Rainwater is considered a valuable resource for the park, channeled from the roof of the Royal DanishOpera into underground water reservoirs used for greenhouse irrigation. Pathways are designed with a permeable gravel surface, and excess rainwater is collected in rain beds for infiltration and evaporation. The green roofs of the landscaped bridge and greenhouse capture and delay the release rainwater to the site while also serving as a food source for the park’s fauna. Solar panels on the Opera’s roof provide power to the underground parking facility, the park and the greenhouse. The park’s chosen materials are robust and fully recyclable, while the abundance of trees and plantings shield against strong winds coming from the harbor and the sea, reducing turbulence and increasing the level of comfort for park users. Furthermore, the elevated terrain safeguards the island from flooding during heavy rainfall and significant rises in the harbor water level.
The Opera Park opened to the public on September 27, 2023 and can be accessed for free. The park is open daily from 7:00 AM to 11:00 PM all year round and was donated by the A.P. Møller Foundation as a public recreational space in Copenhagen.
▽设计平面图 Plan
▽设计剖面图 Section
项目名称：歌剧院公园
地点：丹麦 哥本哈根
客户：The Opera Park Foundation
捐赠：The A.P. Moller Foundation
项目：公共公园，包括带咖啡馆的温室和最多可容纳 300 辆汽车的地下停车场
总面积：21500 平方米
温室面积：680 平方米
时间段：2019 年竞赛一等奖；工期 2020-2023 年；竣工时间 2023 年
建筑与景观设计：Cobe
工程师：Vita、Via Trafik、DBI、Lüchninger Meyer Hermansen
承包商：Hansson og Knudsen、Bauer、Redtz Glas og Façade、HSM Industri、GK Danmark、Bravida Danmark、Høyrup & Clemmesen、KONE, Phønix Tag、 Jakon、Areo、Terrazzo. dk、Raadvad Maleren、Snedkerierne、OKNygaard、 Palmproject Europe、Scanview Systems、Zurface、Retail Reflexions、Vector Foiltech
停车位：300
充电桩：48个交流充电桩和1×2 直流充电桩
自行车停车位：100
Project Name: The Opera Park
Location: Copenhagen, Denmark
Client: The Opera Park Foundation
Donation: The A.P. Moller Foundation
Program: Public park including greenhouse with café and underground car park for up to 300 cars
Size in total: 21,500 m2
Size greenhouse: 680 m2
Time period: 1st prize in competition: 2019, construction period: 2020-2023, completion: 2023
Architect and landscape architect: Cobe
Engineers: Vita, Via Trafik, DBI and Lüchninger Meyer Hermansen
Contractors: Hansson og Knudsen, Bauer, Redtz Glas og Façade, HSM Industri, GK Danmark, Bravida Danmark, Høyrup & Clemmesen, KONE, Phønix Tag, Jakon, Areo, Terrazzo. dk, Raadvad Maleren, Snedkerierne, OKNygaard, Palmproject Europe, Scanview Systems, Zurface, Retail Reflexions, Vector Foiltech
Parking spaces: 300
Charging stations: 48 AC chargers and 1×2 DC chargers
Bicycle parking spaces: 100
“ 该项目利用宝贵的土地资源在密集的城市化环境中营造了一座漂浮的绿洲，为城市中的居民和游客提供了一个休闲、放松和沉思的场所。”
审稿编辑: SIM
更多 Read more about: Cobe
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