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大小景观：2024年，是昆嵛山林场[1]走过的第八十个年头，也是大小景观参与昆嵛山国家自然保护区生态设计实践的第十年。这一年，大小景观的设计师们接受了一项极具挑战的任务——“昆嵛山林场建立八十周年纪念碑”的设计工作，这对于他们来说，是一次前所未有的、全新的尝试。
纪念碑英文（monument）的词源来自拉丁语“monumentum”，它的词根“moneo”或“monere”为“提醒”或“训诫”之意。传统意义上的纪念碑，大都是庄严矗立的，并且以雕像、方尖碑的形式呈现，用以凝固历史、铭记历史。设计师们认为“林场建立八十周年”被纪念的不应只是昆嵛山林场发展的历史，更应纪念的是那些为了守护这片山林而默默付出的人们，是他们与大自然之间长久、深情的对话，推动着昆嵛山林场持续向前发展。因此，设计师们希望营造出一处可以触摸和亲近的空间，使之成为可以静静诉说历史的场所，从而表达一种无声的敬意。
Atelier Scale：In 2024, Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm celebrates its 80th anniversary, marking eight decades since its founding. It is also the tenth year of Atelier Scale’s involvement in ecological design practices within the Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve. This year, the designers at Atelier Scale undertook an exceptionally challenging task: the design of the “80th Anniversary Monument for Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm.” For them, it was an unprecedented and novel endeavor.
The word “monument” originates from the Latin term monumentum, whose root moneo or monere means “to remind” or “to admonish.” Traditionally, monuments are solemn structures, often presented in the form of statues or obelisks, designed to freeze history in time and serve as a reminder of the past. However, the designers believed that the commemoration of the forest farm’s 80th anniversary should not merely celebrate the history of Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm’s development but also honor those who have quietly dedicated themselves to protecting these forests. It is their enduring and heartfelt dialogue with nature that has driven the continuous progress of the forest farm. Thus, the designers aimed to create a space that is tangible and approachable, a place where history can be softly spoken, embodying a silent reverence and respect.
▽昆嵛山林场建立八十周年纪念碑，也是为守护这片山林而默默付出的人们表达一种无声的敬意 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽游客倾听雕塑的声声细语 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
年轮之碑
Monument of Growth Rings
纪念碑选址在昆嵛山自然保护区石门里景区的一片临崖的空地之上，这里视野开阔，背靠崖壁。设计师将这片场地设计为象征“年轮”的圆形空间，因为这一层层的“年轮”正是时间留在山林中最温柔、长久的痕迹。
The monument is located on a cliffside clearing in the Shimenli Scenic Area of the Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve. This site offers expansive views and is backed by a sheer cliff face. The designers envisioned the space as a circular area symbolizing “tree rings,” as these concentric rings represent the gentlest and most enduring marks of time within the forest.
耐候钢板勾勒出圆形空间形态。在圆形空间外围，围绕着一圈用原木和石块制成的坐凳，过往的行人可以在这里静静休息，向内对望雕塑，向外对望山林。一条耐候钢条围绕着坐凳螺旋延展至雕塑中心，仿佛时间的长河缓慢地流向圆心。钢条上细细镌刻着昆嵛山林场八十年来的重要时刻，人们可以沿着这条“长河”走向林场历史的深处，感受岁月带给这片土地的沉淀与传承。
Weathering steel panels outline the circular form of the space. Around the perimeter of the circle is a ring of benches made from raw wood and stone, offering passersby a quiet place to rest—gazing inward at the sculpture or outward at the forest. A strip of weathering steel spirals around the benches, extending toward the sculpture at the center, evoking the slow flow of time toward the circle’s heart. Engraved delicately on the steel strip are key moments from Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm’s 80-year history. Visitors can follow this “river of time,” walking deeper into the forest farm’s history and experiencing the layers of legacy and time etched into this land.
▽纪念雕塑的选址在昆嵛山自然保护区的一片临崖的空地之上©鲁冰
▽场地用耐候钢板围绕中心纪念雕塑勾勒出“年轮”的圆形空间 ©鲁冰
▽原木坐凳和耐候钢板细节 ©鲁冰
▽镌刻历史的钢条螺旋至雕塑中心，厚重挺拔的钢板诉说昆嵛山的历史 ©鲁冰
一块被切开的巨型岩石位于场地中心，形成一条0.9米宽的“峡谷”。峡谷一侧保留了岩石的原始切面的肌理，另一侧倚靠着一块高3.86米、宽3.20米被弯折的耐候钢板，这块厚重挺拔的耐候钢板上嵌刻着《昆嵛山林场造林记》，伴随着昆嵛山的冬去春来、日升日落，迎接来往宾客，并将林场的回忆娓娓道来。这条狭长的“峡谷”成为情绪的催化剂，能够让游客沉思雕塑更深远厚重的意义。
At the center of the site stands a massive split boulder, forming a 0.9-meter-wide “canyon.” One side retains the natural texture of the rock’s original cut surface, while the other leans against a towering weathering steel panel, 3.86 meters tall and 3.20 meters wide. This robust, upright steel panel is inscribed with the Afforestation Record of Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm. It greets visitors through the changing seasons and the cycle of day and night, recounting the forest farm’s memories. The narrow “canyon” serves as a catalyst for reflection, inviting visitors to ponder the profound and enduring significance of the sculpture.
▽近4m高度挺拔的钢板与岩石原始切面，形成的巨石峡谷 ©鲁冰
▽狭长的“峡谷”成为情绪的催化剂，能够让游客沉思雕塑更深远厚重的意义©鲁冰
裂痕之碑
Monument of Scars
昆嵛山林场成为现在的模样并不是一帆风顺。老树参天，野兽成群的古老昆嵛山，在清朝至民国三百年间，林木毁坏殆尽，山峦荒秃且山洪频发。上世纪五十年代开始，林场职工搭窝棚，带干粮，饮山泉，风餐露宿，整地造林并持续补植管护，终于山复蔚然深秀，涵养四条河流清源，庇护滋养周边城乡，深刻改变半岛东部生境。正是几代人的努力，如今昆嵛山披上绿色外衣，森林生态得以恢复。2024年，这片山林被纳入世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）保护地绿色名录，这是对昆嵛山生态恢复的肯定，也是对林场人最崇高的致敬。
设计师之所以选择了一块被切开的巨石作为场地的主角，也是为了铭记曾经昆嵛山的累累伤痕，提醒人类对自然的破坏是不可逆的。切开的裂痕让人在场地中直面历史，而包围雕塑的山林也在告慰人们，裂痕虽是过去的遗憾，但修复是即时的起点。
Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm did not achieve its current state without challenges. Once a land of towering ancient trees and thriving wildlife, Kunyu Mountain faced near-total deforestation during the three centuries from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China era. The mountains became barren, prone to frequent flash floods. Starting in the 1950s, forest farm workers built makeshift shelters, brought their own food, drank from mountain springs, and endured harsh conditions as they cleared land, planted forests, and tirelessly maintained and replenished the vegetation. Over time, their efforts transformed the desolate landscape into a verdant forest, restoring the headwaters of four rivers, protecting and nourishing the surrounding towns and villages, and profoundly altering the ecological environment of the eastern peninsula. In 2024, Kunyu Mountain was included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Green List of Protected Areas. This recognition not only affirms the success of Kunyu Mountain’s ecological restoration but also serves as the highest tribute to the generations of forest workers who made it possible.
The designers chose a split boulder as the centerpiece of the site to memorialize the scars Kunyu Mountain once bore, serving as a poignant reminder of the irreversible damage humans can inflict on nature. The fissure confronts visitors with the weight of history, while the surrounding forest offers a sense of solace, conveying that although the cracks are remnants of past regrets, restoration marks the beginning of renewal.
▽曾经的昆嵛山，林木毁坏殆尽，山峦荒秃且山洪频发 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽如今的昆嵛山，披上绿色外衣，森林生态得以恢复 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区©鲁冰
▽切割的巨石裂痕是过去的遗憾，但修复是即时的起点 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
大山里的即兴
Improvisation in the Mountains
在方案设计之初，那块切开的巨石形态只是设计师们脑海中的想象，它是否真的存在于山林之中，不得而知。当设计方案确定后，业主根据设计“想象中”石头的尺寸与外形，在山间开始不厌其烦地寻找，最终功夫不负有心人，那块“命中注定”的石头在一条幽静的沟谷中被发现，这是一块与昆嵛山一同经历了风霜雨雪的天然巨石。
At the outset of the design process, the split boulder existed only in the designers’ imagination—its actual presence in the mountains was uncertain. Once the design was finalized, the client embarked on an exhaustive search through the hills, guided only by the envisioned dimensions and shape of the stone. In the end, persistence paid off, and the “destined” boulder was discovered in a secluded ravine. This natural monolith, weathered by the same winds, rains, and snows as Kunyu Mountain itself, was a perfect match.
▽想象中的巨石 ©大小景观
▽寻寻觅觅，在溪谷中寻见这块“命中之石” ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区©大小景观
巨石经过几天的运输到达工厂，大型切割机会将它一分为二，在持续的切割过程中，每一刀都仿佛是时光刻在它表面的痕迹。切割工作最终完成之时，被分离的两块岩石状态超出了所有人的设想。为了让它能更好的贴合场地，设计师们通过三维扫描将巨石的形态完美复刻，并再次调整设计，让它的形态完美融入整个空间。
The massive boulder was transported over several days to a factory, where a large cutting machine split it in two. Each cut felt like a mark of time etched onto its surface. When the cutting process was finally completed, the separated halves of the rock exceeded everyone’s expectations. To ensure it seamlessly fit into the site, the designers used 3D scanning to precisely replicate the boulder’s shape and then adjusted the design again, allowing it to integrate perfectly into the overall space.
▽巨石经历了搬家，运输，切割 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽运用三维扫描技术复刻巨石形态便于方案控制，让它能以更好姿态回到这片场地 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区©大小景观
▽在模型里模拟现场调整两块巨石的摆放角度和重组关系 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区©鲁冰
▽巨石随着施工进程更加融合于山间 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽巨石从寻找到成为空间中的雕塑 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽以巨石为主角的纪念空间形成 ©鲁冰
▽巨石接受风雪的洗礼，仿佛是雪中的思考者 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽巨石以让人铭记的方式，从新回归山林 ©鲁冰©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
偶得“金刚”
A “King Kong” by Accident
当巨石装置被竖立起来的那一刻，设计师们被岩石切割后勾勒出的轮廓所震撼，它仿佛一只沉思的巨猿，从里到外透出一种沉稳的力量。有人说它像电影里那只勇敢无畏的“金刚”，凝视着远方，像是在思考，也像是在守护。这种奇妙的巧合让整个团队深感震撼，业主也因此为它取名“金刚碑”。
这个名字仿佛注定而来，既是人类智慧与自然之力的碰撞，也是人与山林之间微妙的缘分。它并非来自设计，却是设计和自然共同成就的结果。
游客们对“金刚碑”感受的感受也是不尽相同：有人说它像一条时光隧道，有人说它是历史的见证，也有人被它带来的力量深深打动。
“金刚碑”虽然出自大小景观的设计，但它的意义不由设计师来解释，它的意义属于每一个欣赏它的人。就像爵士乐中的即兴演奏，每个音符都来自彼此的碰撞，而最终的乐曲，却是共同的杰作。
When the boulder installation was erected, the designers were struck by the contours revealed through the cutting process. It resembled a meditative giant ape, emanating a profound and steady strength from within. Some likened it to the fearless “King Kong” from the movies, gazing into the distance, as if deep in thought or standing guard. This uncanny resemblance left the entire team in awe, and the client was inspired to name it the “King Kong Monument.”
The name seems destined, symbolizing the interplay between human ingenuity and the forces of nature, as well as the subtle bond between people and the forest. It wasn’t conceived through design alone but is the result of a harmonious collaboration between design and nature.
Visitors experience the “King Kong Monument” in different ways: some see it as a time tunnel, others as a witness to history, while many are deeply moved by the profound strength it conveys.
Although the “King Kong Monument” originated from Atelier Scale’s design, its meaning is not defined by the designers. Its significance belongs to everyone who appreciates it. Like an improvisation in jazz, each note emerges from a dynamic interplay, yet the resulting piece is a shared masterpiece.
▽金刚的凝视 ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽金刚的凝视（夏季） ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽金刚的凝视（冬季） ©昆嵛山国家级自然保护区
▽设计与自然协作完成金刚碑 ©鲁冰
附：《昆嵛山林场造林记》昆嵛山峻秀天成，自古“老树参天，人迹罕至，野兽成群，羽族栖集，鹿呦狼嚎，百鸟争歌”，清至民国三百年间，林木毁坏殆尽，山峦荒秃，山洪频发。一九一八年，牟平县曲伦等有识之士，承领昆嵛山荒，组织播种绿化，后联合成立造林会社。一九四一年，造林会社山峦改建为胶东林场，面积四万一千亩。一九四四年五月，扩展建立昆嵛山林场，面积七万二千亩。上世纪五十年代开始，林场职工搭窝棚，带干粮，饮山泉，风餐露宿，整地造林，历时三十载，后持续补植管护，山复蔚然深秀，涵养四条河流清源，庇护滋养周边城乡，深刻改变半岛东部生境。几代人绿化昆嵛，守护青山，泽被后世，功莫大焉。林场职工及参与造林绿化的社会各界在昆嵛山留下的生命印记青山作证，绿水诉说。值昆嵛山林场建立八十周年，立此碑石，以志铭记。
烟台昆嵛山国家级自然保护区管理委员会
二零二四年五月
[1] 昆嵛山林场是昆嵛山国家级自然保护区的主体和支撑
Appendix: Afforestation Record of Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm
Kunyu Mountain is naturally majestic and beautiful. Since ancient times, it has been home to towering ancient trees, with few human traces, abundant wildlife, and a rich bird population. Deer bleat, wolves howl, and a chorus of birds fills the air. However, during the three centuries from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China era, the forest was almost completely destroyed, leaving the mountains barren and prone to frequent flash floods.
In 1918, forward-thinking individuals from Mouping County, including Qu Lun, took responsibility for the barren Kunyu Mountain and began organizing sowing and greening efforts, eventually establishing the Afforestation Association. In 1941, the mountains were reorganized into the Jiaodong Forest Farm, covering 41,000 acres. In May 1944, the Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm was expanded to 72,000 acres.
Starting in the 1950s, forest farm workers built makeshift shelters, brought their own food, drank from mountain springs, and endured harsh conditions as they cleared land and planted forests. Over the course of 30 years, and with ongoing efforts to maintain and replenish the trees, the mountains were restored to lush greenery. The forest now nourishes the headwaters of four rivers, protecting and sustaining the surrounding towns and villages, profoundly altering the ecological environment of the eastern peninsula.
Generations of efforts have transformed Kunyu Mountain into a green haven, safeguarding the mountains for future generations. The dedication of the forest workers and all those who contributed to the afforestation efforts is forever marked in the life and vitality of Kunyu Mountain.
On the 80th anniversary of Kunyu Mountain Forest Farm’s establishment, this monument is erected to commemorate and remember this achievement.
Yantai Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Committee
May 2024
“ 对场地最大的敬意就是，设计与自然协作完成，切割的巨石裂痕是过去的遗憾，但修复是即时的起点，最终，巨石以让人铭记的方式从新回归山林。这是巨石的故事，也是纪念碑的故事。”
审稿编辑: junjun
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