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AFA Group：为庆祝莫斯科市中心最大和最重要的高尔基公园建立90周年，当地建造了一座“致敬”游乐场，其已于2018年8月开放。该游乐场项目由公园管理处和Garage当代艺术博物馆发起，旨在通过创造一个独特的自然景观来提高俄罗斯游乐场所的品质。
AFA Group: Playground “Salute” was opened in August 2018 to celebrate the 90th anniversary of Gorky Park, the largest and the most significant park in the center of Moscow. The project was initiated by the park itself and Garage Museum of Contemporary Art aiming to raise the quality of playspaces in Russia through creating a unique natural landscape.
背景 Context
纵观场地历史，其与休闲活动和儿童之间关系密切：在1930年代，这里是一个拥有托儿所的社区中心，后来又建立了游乐园。2012年，Garage当代艺术博物馆在此建造了由日本建筑师Shigeru Ban设计的临时展馆。在博物馆主楼开放后，高尔基公园与博物馆方共同决定建立一个大型游乐场，以供所有人使用。其选址靠近池塘、儿童俱乐部和教育中心。
游乐场的整体设计和施工过程除了受限于历史层面的影响，还有许多其他的限制。项目考虑到场地所具有的文化和历史价值以及位于地铁保护区内的位置因素，相关挖掘工作是在考古学家的见证下进行的。
Throughout history the area of today’s playground was related to leisure activities and children: in 1930s there was a community center with nursery and later — an amusement park. In 2012 Garage Museum of Contemporary Art built temporary pavilion designed by Japanese architect Shigeru Ban. After the main museum building was opened, Gorky Park together with Garage decided to establish a large playground for all. It is located close to the pond, children’s club and educational center.
Apart from the historical layers, there were numerous restrictions, which affected the overall architectural decisions and construction works. Due to the site’s cultural and historical value and the location within the subway protection zone, the excavations proceeded in the presence of archaeologists.
▽SEABED游戏区域 SEABED area
分区 Zoning
“Salute”一词多义，它不仅仅代表着致敬，还意味着人们在这个场地上可以体验不同的游乐设施，有各种各样的玩耍机会，并能产生千差万别的情绪体验。基于不同年龄层人群的需求，场地为0-99岁的人群都提供了游乐场所和设施。每个游戏区域都能提供身体上的，触觉、视觉以及听觉的体验，鼓励人们探索和寻找不同的乐趣。
MEGA-SWINGS椭圆形游乐设施象征着苏联时期高尔基公园的标志之一“摩天轮”，也致敬了Shigeru Ban设计的椭圆形临时展馆。倾斜的结构上设有29个不同高度的秋千，从2.5米到5.5米不等。夜晚，结构内的互动灯光亮起，将游乐场烘托成为一个浪漫的场所。
The name “Salute” is a wordplay. It is not only a greeting. Literally translated it means “fireworks”, which came as an idea of huge variety of play opportunities — an explosion of emotions one can experience on the playground. Based on the main needs of each age group, the design allows for various scenarios for all from 0 to 99 years old. Each play zone offers physical, tactile, visual and sonic experiences encouraging children to explore and develop.
The oval shape of MEGA-SWINGS refers to the Ferris wheel, one of the symbols of Gorky Park in the Soviet era and to the ellipse of the temporary pavilion by Shigeru Ban. The inclined structure consists of 29 different swings from 2.5 to 5.5 m high. At night the interactive lights go on turning the playground a romantic spot.
TOWERS（塔楼）游乐设施与工程师Shukhov设计的双曲面电视塔类似，可以从上层平台看到整体结构，同时，其外形就如同过山车，这也是90年代高尔基公园中最令人难忘的一种标志。设计反映了场地所经历的变化：从消极的游乐园转变为众多游客参与的公共空间。登上塔顶后，人们可以沿着两座塔楼结构之间蜿蜒的小路行走，充满了冒险和挑战。
TOWERS resemble the hyperboloid television tower designed by engineer Shukhov. It is visible from the upper platforms. At the same time, they resemble a roller coaster, the most memorable sign of Gorky Park in the 90th. The idea was to reflect on the changes the place had gone through: from the passive pastime in amusement park to a public space, where the visitor can become a participant involved in a number of things happening. Once on top of the towers, one can follow the winding path between the two towers, full of adventure and challenge.
与水相关的游乐区域有两处，其中WATER POINT在视觉上与池塘相连，提供了多种互动的设施：筑有水坝的运河、水泵、喷雾器、阿基米德螺旋汲水器等。另一个以水为探索媒介的区域是SEABED，位于公园最偏远的地方，适合那些准备在泥土中玩耍、建造沙堡和挖掘巨大恐龙骨架的人。WATER POINT区域主打与清洁水源的互动游戏，而SEABED则提供了直接与泥巴接触的更亲密、更野趣的感官游戏。
WATER POINT, visually connected to the pond, allows for a variety of interactions: canals with dams, pumps, sprayers and Archimedes screw. Another place to experiment with water is SEABED, the most remote part for those ready to play in dirt, build sand castles and dig up a giant dinosaur skeleton. While the water point is designed for play with clean water, the seabed offers sensory play with mud.
▽取水点活动区域 WATER POINT area
▽SEABED活动区域 SEABED area
TODDLER’S MEADOW（孩子们的草地）是为幼小儿童打造的活动场所，该区域中的小山丘有益于孩子们的体能拓展训练，此外，小型设施和一系列材料以及特殊的纹理可以锻炼孩子的运动技能。主题设备可直接使用，但更多抽象的、无特定使用目的的设施和元素则鼓励孩子们自由地玩耍和探索。
TODDLER’S MEADOW is designed for the youngest visitors: the hills to develop physical abilities, small elements and the range of materials and textures to develop fine motor skills. Thematic equipment allows for role play, while more abstract equipment and loose parts encourage free play with sand and simple mechanisms.
▽环绕场地的“小山丘”可以锻炼孩子们的体能 The “hills” around the venue can exercise children’s physical fitness.
KALEIDOSCOPE 是全区最安静的地方，可以进行声音、光线和色彩的探索活动。在这里，总能听到悠扬的舞曲旋律以及孩子们的笑声。RGB照明则以一种有趣的方式帮助孩子们理解色彩的物理原理。
KALEIDOSCOPE is the calmest place, based on experiments with light, color and sound. One can always hear a peaceful melody of the Dance Chimes and children’s laughter. The RGB lighting helps to learn about physics of color in a playful way.
RAVINE为一个2米深的坑地空间，坑壁拥有不同的倾斜角度，并布置了各类攀爬设施，为玩耍者提供了垂直攀爬的机会。
RAVINE, 2 m deep space with various inclinations gives plenty of opportunities for vertical climbing.
层次 Layers
“致敬”游乐场整体分为三个部分， 最突出的TOWERS和MEGA-SWINGS吸引着游客，是最刺激和令人兴奋的活动区域；在首次体验大型的娱乐设施后，游戏将继续进入下一层：平静的探索性游戏空间；最后来到第三层，最细心和专注的人可以发现铺装中的小秘密，以及乍一看并不那么明显的复杂水渠系统。这种“一层一层”的设计使游乐场能够一次又一次地吸引人们去探索和发现，全程都不会感到无聊。
Playground “Salute” consists of several layers. TOWERS and MEGA-SWINGS attract visitors, excite and amuse. After the first experience with larger structures the play continues on the next layer: calm spaces for experimental games. On the third layer the most attentive and focused ones can find small secret details in the paving, complex water canal systems not so evident at the first glance. Such “layer-by-layer” approach enables the playground to invite people again and again, so that no one ever gets bored.
绿化 Greenery
为保护现有植被，所有的游乐空间都采用曲线设计，具有弯曲柔软的外轮廓。设计的主要原则是对非结构化绿色植物进行视觉组织，并在游戏空间之间创建缓冲区。优美的草坪、灌木丛和小树林让玩耍者如同置身于大自然中，而不是纯粹的游乐场上。
All the spaces have curved profiles to preserve the existing plants. The main principle was visual organization of the unstructured greenery and creating buffer zones in between play spaces. The picturesque lawns, bushes and groves make visitors feel like in nature rather than on a playground.
导航和规则 Navigation and rules
游乐园的导视系统被设计成了一本漫画书的形式，为游客提供更加清晰而友好的导航帮助。每个区域都有一块对应的年龄标记板，位于0 – 99岁之间，它将有助于将游乐场明确定义为所有人共享的公共空间。人们也可以通过社交媒体上的 #площадкасалют 和 #SalyutPlayground 标签来关注游乐场，在线上探索每天面向游客开放的空间。
Aiming to provide clear and friendly navigation it is designed as a comic book. Each zone has a board containing the age mark, often 0 – 99. It helps to identify the playground as a public space for all. The hashtags #площадкасалют and #SalyutPlayground allow to follow it in social media and explore new possibilities of the space that opens up to the visitors every day.
项目名称：“致敬”游乐场
地点：俄罗斯 莫斯科 高尔基公园
设计年份：2015-2018
建设年份：2018年
面积：18000平方米
预算：5315000欧元
客户：高尔基公园与 Garage当代艺术博物馆
设备制造商：Richter Spielgeräte，Kompan
图片来源：Anton Donikov、Aleksey Narodizkiy、Iliya Teplov、Vladimir Klyucherev
Project Name: Salute Playground
Location: Gorky Park, Moscow, Russia
Design year: 2015 — 2018
Year of construction: 2018
Area: 18 000 m2
Budget: 5 315 000 €
Client: Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Gorky Park
Manufacturer of urban equipment: Richter Spielgeräte, Kompan
Image credits: Anton Donikov, Aleksey Narodizkiy, Iliya Teplov, Vladimir Klyucherev
“ 将游乐场所嵌入优美的自然景观中，打造适合全年龄段人群的公共游乐场。”
审稿编辑：SIM
更多 Read more about：AFA Group
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